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  • 1
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    Pressure-induced structural transformations in the low-cristobalite form of AlPO4 (2013)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-13
    Description: We have investigated the high-pressure behavior of low-cristobalite form of AlPO 4 (c-AlPO 4 ) using a combination of Raman scattering, synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction, and classical molecular dynamics simulations. Our experiments indicate that under non-hydrostatic conditions c-AlPO 4 initially transforms to a monoclinic phase, which then transforms to the Cmcm phase via an intermediate, disordered structure. In contrast, X-ray diffraction measurements made under hydrostatic conditions show that the ambient structure transforms directly to the Cmcm phase. Our classical molecular dynamics simulations, carried out under hydrostatic conditions, also show that c-AlPO 4 directly transforms to the Cmcm phase at ~13 GPa.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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  • 2
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    Cd_{2} Re_{2} O_{7} under high pressure: Pyrochlore lattice distortion-driven metal-to-nonmetal transition (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-29
    Description: Author(s): Pallavi S. Malavi, S. Karmakar, and S. M. Sharma Pyrochlore Cd 2 Re 2 O 7 has been investigated under high pressure by x-ray diffraction, resistivity and, mid-IR reflectance measurements. At ∼ 14 GPa, the high-temperature cubic pyrochlore phase [space group (SG): F d 3 ¯ m ] undergoes a second-order transition to a rhombohedral structure (SG: R 3 ¯ m ) with trig… [Phys. Rev. B 93, 035139] Published Thu Jan 28, 2016
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 3
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    Pten in stromal fibroblasts suppresses mammary epithelial tumours (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-23
    Description: The tumour stroma is believed to contribute to some of the most malignant characteristics of epithelial tumours. However, signalling between stromal and tumour cells is complex and remains poorly understood. Here we show that the genetic inactivation of Pten in stromal fibroblasts of mouse mammary glands accelerated the initiation, progression and malignant transformation of mammary epithelial tumours. This was associated with the massive remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), innate immune cell infiltration and increased angiogenesis. Loss of Pten in stromal fibroblasts led to increased expression, phosphorylation (T72) and recruitment of Ets2 to target promoters known to be involved in these processes. Remarkably, Ets2 inactivation in Pten stroma-deleted tumours ameliorated disruption of the tumour microenvironment and was sufficient to decrease tumour growth and progression. Global gene expression profiling of mammary stromal cells identified a Pten-specific signature that was highly represented in the tumour stroma of patients with breast cancer. These findings identify the Pten-Ets2 axis as a critical stroma-specific signalling pathway that suppresses mammary epithelial tumours.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2767301/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2767301/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trimboli, Anthony J -- Cantemir-Stone, Carmen Z -- Li, Fu -- Wallace, Julie A -- Merchant, Anand -- Creasap, Nicholas -- Thompson, John C -- Caserta, Enrico -- Wang, Hui -- Chong, Jean-Leon -- Naidu, Shan -- Wei, Guo -- Sharma, Sudarshana M -- Stephens, Julie A -- Fernandez, Soledad A -- Gurcan, Metin N -- Weinstein, Michael B -- Barsky, Sanford H -- Yee, Lisa -- Rosol, Thomas J -- Stromberg, Paul C -- Robinson, Michael L -- Pepin, Francois -- Hallett, Michael -- Park, Morag -- Ostrowski, Michael C -- Leone, Gustavo -- P01 CA097189/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA097189-050002/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA097189/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA053271/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA085619/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA085619-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA121275/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA121275-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD047470/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD047470-05/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01CA053271/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA85619/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01HD47470/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 22;461(7267):1084-91. doi: 10.1038/nature08486.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19847259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/*metabolism ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/*metabolism/*pathology ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-2/deficiency/metabolism ; Stromal Cells/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Eos mediates Foxp3-dependent gene silencing in CD4+ regulatory T cells (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-22
    Description: CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain immunological self-tolerance and immune homeostasis by suppressing aberrant or excessive immune responses. The core genetic program of Tregs and their ability to suppress pathologic immune responses depends on the transcription factor Foxp3. Despite progress in understanding mechanisms of Foxp3-dependent gene activation, the molecular mechanism of Foxp3-dependent gene repression remains largely unknown. We identified Eos, a zinc-finger transcription factor of the Ikaros family, as a critical mediator of Foxp3-dependent gene silencing in Tregs. Eos interacts directly with Foxp3 and induces chromatin modifications that result in gene silencing in Tregs. Silencing of Eos in Tregs abrogates their ability to suppress immune responses and endows them with partial effector function, thus demonstrating the critical role that Eos plays in Treg programming.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2859703/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2859703/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pan, Fan -- Yu, Hong -- Dang, Eric V -- Barbi, Joseph -- Pan, Xiaoyu -- Grosso, Joseph F -- Jinasena, Dinili -- Sharma, Sudarshana M -- McCadden, Erin M -- Getnet, Derese -- Drake, Charles G -- Liu, Jun O -- Ostrowski, Michael C -- Pardoll, Drew M -- R01 AI058156/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI058156-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI089830/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 28;325(5944):1142-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1176077. Epub 2009 Aug 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19696312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Alcohol Oxidoreductases/metabolism ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Colitis/immunology ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; *Gene Silencing ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis/genetics ; Jurkat Cells ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA Interference ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology/*physiology ; Transduction, Genetic ; Zinc Fingers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Kinetic and structural comparison of a proteins cotranslational folding and refolding pathways (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-31
    Description: Precise protein folding is essential for the survival of all cells, and protein misfolding causes a number of diseases that lack effective therapies, yet the general principles governing protein folding in the cell remain poorly understood. In vivo, folding can begin cotranslationally and protein quality control at the ribosome is essential for cellular proteostasis. We directly characterize and compare the refolding and cotranslational folding trajectories of the protein HaloTag. We introduce new techniques for both measuring folding kinetics and detecting the conformations of partially folded intermediates during translation in real time. We find that, although translation does not affect the rate-limiting step of HaloTag folding, a key aggregation-prone intermediate observed during in vitro refolding experiments is no longer detectable. This rerouting of the folding pathway increases HaloTag’s folding efficiency and may serve as a general chaperone-independent mechanism of quality control by the ribosome.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Structural phase transition of ternary dielectric SmGdO3: Evidence from angle dispersive x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic studies (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-05
    Description: High-pressure synchrotron based angle dispersive x-ray diffraction (ADXRD) studies were carried out on SmGdO 3 (SGO) up to 25.7 GPa at room temperature. ADXRD results indicated a reversible pressure-induced phase transition from ambient monoclinic to hexagonal phase at ∼8.9 GPa. The observed pressure-volume data were fitted with the third order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state yielding zero pressure bulk modulus B 0  = 132(22) and 177(9) GPa for monoclinic (B-type) and hexagonal (A-type) phases, respectively. Pressure dependent micro-Raman spectroscopy further confirmed the monoclinic to hexagonal phase transition at about 5.24 GPa. The mode Grüneisen parameters and pressure coefficients for different Raman modes corresponding to each individual phases of SGO were calculated using pressure dependent Raman mode analysis.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
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    Cd2Re2O7under high pressure: Pyrochlore lattice distortion-driven metal-to-nonmetal transition (2016)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Print ISSN: 2469-9950
    Electronic ISSN: 2469-9969
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 8
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    The effect of feedback and reionization on star formation in low-mass dwarf galaxy haloes (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-09
    Description: We simulate the evolution of a 10 9 M dark matter halo in a cosmological setting with an adaptive mesh refinement code as an analogue to local low-luminosity dwarf irregular and dwarf spheroidal galaxies. The primary goal of our study is to investigate the roles of reionization and supernova feedback in determining the star-formation histories of low-mass dwarf galaxies. We include a wide range of physical effects, including metal cooling, molecular hydrogen formation and cooling, photoionization and photodissociation from a metagalactic (but not local) background, a simple prescription for self-shielding, star formation and a simple model for supernova-driven energetic feedback. To better understand the impact of each physical effect, we carry out simulations excluding each major effect in turn. We find that reionization is primarily responsible for expelling most of the gas in our simulations, but that supernova feedback is required to disperse the dense, cold gas in the core of the halo. Moreover, we show that the timing of reionization can produce an order-of-magnitude difference in the final stellar mass of the system. For our full physics run with reionization at z  = 9, we find a stellar mass of about 10 5 M at z  = 0 and a mass-to-light ratio within the half-light radius of approximately 130 M /L , consistent with observed low-luminosity dwarfs. However, the resulting median stellar metallicity is 0.06 Z , considerably larger than observed systems. In addition, we find that star formation is truncated between redshifts 4 and 7, at odds with the observed late-time star formation in isolated dwarf systems but in agreement with Milky Way ultrafaint dwarf spheroidals. We investigate the efficacy of energetic feedback in our simple thermal-energy-driven feedback scheme, and suggest that it may still suffer from excessive radiative losses, despite reaching stellar particle masses of about 100 M and a comoving spatial resolution of 11 pc.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Cancer-linked Pol{delta} variant expands dNTP pools [Genetics] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: Defects in DNA polymerases δ (Polδ) and ε (Polε) cause hereditary colorectal cancer and have been implicated in the etiology of some sporadic colorectal and endometrial tumors. We previously reported that the yeast pol3-R696W allele mimicking a human cancer-associated variant, POLD1-R689W, causes a catastrophic increase in spontaneous mutagenesis. Here, we...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Structural phase transition of ternary dielectric SmGdO3: Evidence from angle dispersive x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic studies (2015)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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