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  • 1
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    Compact Dual Ion Composition Experiment for Space Plasmas - CoDICE (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-07
    Description: The Compact Dual Ion Composition Experiment – CoDICE – simultaneously provides high quality plasma and energetic ion composition measurements over six decades in energy in a wide variety of space plasma environments. CoDICE measures two critical ion populations in space plasmas: 1) Elemental and charge state composition, and 3D velocity distributions of 〈10 eV/q–40 keV/q plasma ions; and 2) Elemental composition, energy spectra and angular distributions of ∼30 keV–〉10 MeV energetic ions. CoDICE uses a novel, integrated, common time-of-flight subsystem that provides several advantages over the commonly used separate plasma and energetic ion sensors currently flying on several space missions. These advantages include reduced mass and volume compared to two separate instruments, reduced shielding in high radiation environments, and simplified spacecraft interface and accommodation requirements. This paper describes the operation principles, electro-optic simulation results, and applies the CoDICE concept for measuring plasma and energetic ion populations in Jupiter's magnetosphere.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Observing planets and small bodies in sputtered high-energy atom fluxes (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-07-30
    Description: The evolution of the surfaces of bodies unprotected by either strong magnetic fields or thick atmospheres in the solar system is caused by various processes, induced by photons, energetic ions, and micrometeoroids. Among these processes, the continuous bombardment of the solar wind or energetic magnetospheric ions onto the bodies may significantly affect their surfaces, with implications for their evolution. Ion precipitation produces neutral atom releases into the exosphere through ion sputtering, with velocity distribution extending well above the particle escape limits. We refer to this component of the surface ejecta as sputtered high-energy atoms (SHEA). The use of ion sputtering emission for studying the interaction of exposed bodies (EB) with ion environments is described here. Remote sensing in SHEA in the vicinity of EB can provide mapping of the bodies exposed to ion sputtering action with temporal and mass resolution. This paper speculates on the possibility of performing remote sensing of exposed bodies using SHEA and suggests the need for quantitative results from laboratory simulations and molecular physic modeling in order to understand SHEA data from planetary missions. In Appendix A, referenced computer simulations using existing sputtering data are reviewed.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    MESSENGER Observations of Disappearing Dayside Magnetosphere Events at Mercury (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract MESSENGER measurements taken during passes over Mercury's dayside hemisphere indicate that on 4 occasions the spacecraft remained in the magnetosheath even though it reached altitudes below 300 km. During these disappearing dayside magnetosphere (DDM) events, MESSENGER did not encounter the magnetopause until it was at very high magnetic latitudes, ~ 66 to 80o. These DDM events stand‐out with respect to their extremely high solar wind dynamic pressures, Psw ~ 140 to 290 nPa, and intense southward magnetic fields, Bz ~ ‐ 100 to ‐ 400 nT, measured in the magnetosheath. In addition, the bow shock was observed very close to the surface during these events with a subsolar altitude of ~ 1200 km. It is suggested that DDM events, which are closely associated with coronal mass ejections, are due to solar wind compression and/or reconnection‐driven erosion of the dayside magnetosphere. The very low altitude of the bow shock during these events strongly suggests that the solar wind impacts much of Mercury's sunlit hemisphere during these events. More study of these disappearing dayside events is required, but it is likely that solar wind sputtering of neutrals from the surface into the exosphere maximizes during these intervals.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9380
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9402
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    The Miniaturized Electron pRoton Telescope (MERiT) onboard the Compact Radiation belt Explorer (CeREs): A novel instrument to study energetic particles in the Earth's radiation belts (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract The Miniaturized Electron pRoton Telescope, MERiT, is a low mass, low power, compact instrument using an innovative combination of particle detectors, sensor electronics, and onboard processing. MERiT is flying on the Compact Radiation belt Explorer, CeREs, a 3U CubeSat launched into a low earth orbit of 500 km altitude and inclination of 85 degrees on December 16, 2018. The primary and secondary science goals of CeREs are to investigate electron microbursts, and to study solar particles. MERiT comprises a stack of solid‐state detectors (SSD) behind space facing avalanche photodiodes (APD) surrounded by W‐Al shielding to reduce side penetrating particle background. The APD‐SSD combination enables measurement of electrons from  5 to 200 keV and  1 to 8 MeV; protons from  200‐400 keV and 7‐100 MeV in differential channels with energy resolution ΔE/E≈30% for both electrons and protons. MERiT measures microbursts with a high time resolution ranging from 4 to 16 ms and solar particles with a cadence of 1 sec. MERiT energy channels and cadences are software configurable via algorithms and lookup tables residing on an FPGA. The lookup tables can be changed via ground commands. MERiT geometry factor is 31 cm2−sr and optimized to measure microbursts with the instrument viewing the local zenith in orbit. MERiT enables investigation of dynamical processes of radiation belt electron energization and loss, solar electron and proton transport, and their access to the EarthÕs polar caps. We describe the MERiT sensor design, calibration, operational modes, data products and science goals.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9380
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9402
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 5
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    Energetic particles in the jovian magnetotail (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: When the solar wind hits Jupiter's magnetic field, it creates a long magnetotail trailing behind the planet that channels material out of the Jupiter system. The New Horizons spacecraft traversed the length of the jovian magnetotail to 〉2500 jovian radii (RJ; 1 RJ identical with 71,400 kilometers), observing a high-temperature, multispecies population of energetic particles. Velocity dispersions, anisotropies, and compositional variation seen in the deep-tail (greater, similar 500 RJ) with a approximately 3-day periodicity are similar to variations seen closer to Jupiter in Galileo data. The signatures suggest plasma streaming away from the planet and injection sites in the near-tail region (approximately 200 to 400 RJ) that could be related to magnetic reconnection events. The tail structure remains coherent at least until it reaches the magnetosheath at 1655 RJ.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNutt, R L Jr -- Haggerty, D K -- Hill, M E -- Krimigis, S M -- Livi, S -- Ho, G C -- Gurnee, R S -- Mauk, B H -- Mitchell, D G -- Roelof, E C -- McComas, D J -- Bagenal, F -- Elliott, H A -- Brown, L E -- Kusterer, M -- Vandegriff, J -- Stern, S A -- Weaver, H A -- Spencer, J R -- Moore, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 12;318(5848):220-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, USA. ralph.mcnutt@jhuapl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932283" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Electrons ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ions ; *Jupiter ; Oxygen ; Protons ; Spacecraft ; Sulfur ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Global observations of the interstellar interaction from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-17
    Description: The Sun moves through the local interstellar medium, continuously emitting ionized, supersonic solar wind plasma and carving out a cavity in interstellar space called the heliosphere. The recently launched Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) spacecraft has completed its first all-sky maps of the interstellar interaction at the edge of the heliosphere by imaging energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) emanating from this region. We found a bright ribbon of ENA emission, unpredicted by prior models or theories, that may be ordered by the local interstellar magnetic field interacting with the heliosphere. This ribbon is superposed on globally distributed flux variations ordered by both the solar wind structure and the direction of motion through the interstellar medium. Our results indicate that the external galactic environment strongly imprints the heliosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McComas, D J -- Allegrini, F -- Bochsler, P -- Bzowski, M -- Christian, E R -- Crew, G B -- DeMajistre, R -- Fahr, H -- Fichtner, H -- Frisch, P C -- Funsten, H O -- Fuselier, S A -- Gloeckler, G -- Gruntman, M -- Heerikhuisen, J -- Izmodenov, V -- Janzen, P -- Knappenberger, P -- Krimigis, S -- Kucharek, H -- Lee, M -- Livadiotis, G -- Livi, S -- MacDowall, R J -- Mitchell, D -- Mobius, E -- Moore, T -- Pogorelov, N V -- Reisenfeld, D -- Roelof, E -- Saul, L -- Schwadron, N A -- Valek, P W -- Vanderspek, R -- Wurz, P -- Zank, G P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 13;326(5955):959-62. doi: 10.1126/science.1180906. Epub 2009 Oct 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA. dmccomas@swri.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19833923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Solar wind-induced atmospheric erosion at Mars: first results from ASPERA-3 on Mars Express (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-28
    Description: The Analyzer of Space Plasma and Energetic Atoms (ASPERA) on board the Mars Express spacecraft found that solar wind plasma and accelerated ionospheric ions may be observed all the way down to the Mars Express pericenter of 270 kilometers above the dayside planetary surface. This is very deep in the ionosphere, implying direct exposure of the martian topside atmosphere to solar wind plasma forcing. The low-altitude penetration of solar wind plasma and the energization of ionospheric plasma may be due to solar wind irregularities or perturbations, to magnetic anomalies at Mars, or both.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lundin, R -- Barabash, S -- Andersson, H -- Holmstrom, M -- Grigoriev, A -- Yamauchi, M -- Sauvaud, J-A -- Fedorov, A -- Budnik, E -- Thocaven, J-J -- Winningham, D -- Frahm, R -- Scherrer, J -- Sharber, J -- Asamura, K -- Hayakawa, H -- Coates, A -- Linder, D R -- Curtis, C -- Hsieh, K C -- Sandel, B R -- Grande, M -- Carter, M -- Reading, D H -- Koskinen, H -- Kallio, E -- Riihela, P -- Schmidt, W -- Sales, T -- Kozyra, J -- Krupp, N -- Woch, J -- Luhmann, J -- McKenna-Lawler, S -- Cerulli-Irelli, R -- Orsini, S -- Maggi, M -- Mura, A -- Milillo, A -- Roelof, E -- Williams, D -- Livi, S -- Brandt, P -- Wurz, P -- Bochsler, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1933-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden. rickard.lundin@irf.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Dynamics of Saturn's magnetosphere from MIMI during Cassini's orbital insertion (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-26
    Description: The Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument (MIMI) onboard the Cassini spacecraft observed the saturnian magnetosphere from January 2004 until Saturn orbit insertion (SOI) on 1 July 2004. The MIMI sensors observed frequent energetic particle activity in interplanetary space for several months before SOI. When the imaging sensor was switched to its energetic neutral atom (ENA) operating mode on 20 February 2004, at approximately 10(3) times Saturn's radius RS (0.43 astronomical units), a weak but persistent signal was observed from the magnetosphere. About 10 days before SOI, the magnetosphere exhibited a day-night asymmetry that varied with an approximately 11-hour periodicity. Once Cassini entered the magnetosphere, in situ measurements showed high concentrations of H+, H2+, O+, OH+, and H2O+ and low concentrations of N+. The radial dependence of ion intensity profiles implies neutral gas densities sufficient to produce high loss rates of trapped ions from the middle and inner magnetosphere. ENA imaging has revealed a radiation belt that resides inward of the D ring and is probably the result of double charge exchange between the main radiation belt and the upper layers of Saturn's exosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krimigis, S M -- Mitchell, D G -- Hamilton, D C -- Krupp, N -- Livi, S -- Roelof, E C -- Dandouras, J -- Armstrong, T P -- Mauk, B H -- Paranicas, C -- Brandt, P C -- Bolton, S -- Cheng, A F -- Choo, T -- Gloeckler, G -- Hayes, J -- Hsieh, K C -- Ip, W-H -- Jaskulek, S -- Keath, E P -- Kirsch, E -- Kusterer, M -- Lagg, A -- Lanzerotti, L J -- Lavallee, D -- Manweiler, J -- McEntire, R W -- Rasmuss, W -- Saur, J -- Turner, F S -- Williams, D J -- Woch, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 25;307(5713):1270-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, USA. tom.krimigis@jhuapl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15731445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Gases ; Hydrogen ; *Ions ; *Magnetics ; Nitrogen ; Oxygen ; *Saturn ; Spacecraft ; Spectrum Analysis ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    The southern high-speed stream: results from the SWICS instrument on Ulysses (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-19
    Description: The high-speed solar wind streaming from the southern coronal hole was remarkably uniform and steady and was confined by a sharp boundary that extended to the corona and chromosphere. Charge state measurements indicate that the electron temperature in this coronal hole reached a maximum of about 1.5 million kelvin within 3 solar radii of the sun. This result, combined with the observed lack of depletion of heavy elements, suggests that an additional source of momentum is required to accelerate the polar wind.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geiss, J -- Gloeckler, G -- von Steiger, R -- Balsiger, H -- Fisk, L A -- Galvin, A B -- Ipavich, F M -- Livi, S -- McKenzie, J F -- Ogilvie, K W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 19;268(5213):1033-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Elements ; *Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ions ; *Solar System ; Spacecraft ; Spectrum Analysis/instrumentation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Plasma Composition in Jupiter's Magnetosphere: Initial Results from the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-09-11
    Description: The ion composition in the Jovian environment was investigated with the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer on board Ulysses. A hot tenuous plasma was observed throughout the outer and middle magnetosphere. In some regions two thermally different components were identified. Oxygen and sulfur ions with several different charge states, from the volcanic satellite lo, make the largest contribution to the mass density of the hot plasma, even at high latitude. Solar wind particles were observed in all regions investigated. Ions from Jupiter's ionosphere were abundant in the middle magnetosphere, particularly in the highlatitude region on the dusk side, which was traversed for the first time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geiss, J -- Gloeckler, G -- Balsiger, H -- Fisk, L A -- Galvin, A B -- Gliem, F -- Hamilton, D C -- Ipavich, F M -- Livi, S -- Mall, U -- Ogilvie, K W -- von Steiger, R -- Wilken, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 11;257(5076):1535-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17776164" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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