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  • 1
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    Dislocations in High-Quality Glucose Isomerase Crystals Grown from Seed Crystals (2014)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: Crystal Growth & Design DOI: 10.1021/cg500731v
    Print ISSN: 1528-7483
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-7505
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 2
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    Development of compartment for studies on the growth of protein crystals in space (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-16
    Description: To clarify the growth mechanism of a protein crystal, it is essential to measure its growth rate with respect to the supersaturation. We developed a compartment (growth cell) for measuring the growth rate (
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Characterization of H7N9 influenza A viruses isolated from humans (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-12
    Description: Avian influenza A viruses rarely infect humans; however, when human infection and subsequent human-to-human transmission occurs, worldwide outbreaks (pandemics) can result. The recent sporadic infections of humans in China with a previously unrecognized avian influenza A virus of the H7N9 subtype (A(H7N9)) have caused concern owing to the appreciable case fatality rate associated with these infections (more than 25%), potential instances of human-to-human transmission, and the lack of pre-existing immunity among humans to viruses of this subtype. Here we characterize two early human A(H7N9) isolates, A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) and A/Shanghai/1/2013 (H7N9); hereafter referred to as Anhui/1 and Shanghai/1, respectively. In mice, Anhui/1 and Shanghai/1 were more pathogenic than a control avian H7N9 virus (A/duck/Gunma/466/2011 (H7N9); Dk/GM466) and a representative pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus (A/California/4/2009 (H1N1pdm09); CA04). Anhui/1, Shanghai/1 and Dk/GM466 replicated well in the nasal turbinates of ferrets. In nonhuman primates, Anhui/1 and Dk/GM466 replicated efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tracts, whereas the replicative ability of conventional human influenza viruses is typically restricted to the upper respiratory tract of infected primates. By contrast, Anhui/1 did not replicate well in miniature pigs after intranasal inoculation. Critically, Anhui/1 transmitted through respiratory droplets in one of three pairs of ferrets. Glycan arrays showed that Anhui/1, Shanghai/1 and A/Hangzhou/1/2013 (H7N9) (a third human A(H7N9) virus tested in this assay) bind to human virus-type receptors, a property that may be critical for virus transmissibility in ferrets. Anhui/1 was found to be less sensitive in mice to neuraminidase inhibitors than a pandemic H1N1 2009 virus, although both viruses were equally susceptible to an experimental antiviral polymerase inhibitor. The robust replicative ability in mice, ferrets and nonhuman primates and the limited transmissibility in ferrets of Anhui/1 suggest that A(H7N9) viruses have pandemic potential.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3891892/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3891892/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watanabe, Tokiko -- Kiso, Maki -- Fukuyama, Satoshi -- Nakajima, Noriko -- Imai, Masaki -- Yamada, Shinya -- Murakami, Shin -- Yamayoshi, Seiya -- Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Kiyoko -- Sakoda, Yoshihiro -- Takashita, Emi -- McBride, Ryan -- Noda, Takeshi -- Hatta, Masato -- Imai, Hirotaka -- Zhao, Dongming -- Kishida, Noriko -- Shirakura, Masayuki -- de Vries, Robert P -- Shichinohe, Shintaro -- Okamatsu, Masatoshi -- Tamura, Tomokazu -- Tomita, Yuriko -- Fujimoto, Naomi -- Goto, Kazue -- Katsura, Hiroaki -- Kawakami, Eiryo -- Ishikawa, Izumi -- Watanabe, Shinji -- Ito, Mutsumi -- Sakai-Tagawa, Yuko -- Sugita, Yukihiko -- Uraki, Ryuta -- Yamaji, Reina -- Eisfeld, Amie J -- Zhong, Gongxun -- Fan, Shufang -- Ping, Jihui -- Maher, Eileen A -- Hanson, Anthony -- Uchida, Yuko -- Saito, Takehiko -- Ozawa, Makoto -- Neumann, Gabriele -- Kida, Hiroshi -- Odagiri, Takato -- Paulson, James C -- Hasegawa, Hideki -- Tashiro, Masato -- Kawaoka, Yoshihiro -- AI058113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI099274/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HHSN266200700010C/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HHSN266200700010C/PHS HHS/ -- T32 AI078985/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Sep 26;501(7468):551-5. doi: 10.1038/nature12392. Epub 2013 Jul 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23842494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chickens/virology ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Dogs ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Female ; Ferrets/virology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects/enzymology ; *Influenza A virus/chemistry/drug effects/isolation & purification/pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/drug therapy/*virology ; Macaca fascicularis/virology ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Models, Molecular ; Monkey Diseases/pathology/virology ; Neuraminidase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/pathology/transmission/*virology ; Quail/virology ; Swine/virology ; Swine, Miniature/virology ; *Virus Replication/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Molecular mechanism of phenylimidazole-type GSM [Biochemistry] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-23
    Description: γ-Secretase is an intramembrane-cleaving protease responsible for the generation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Recently, a series of compounds called γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) has been shown to decrease the levels of long toxic Aβ species (i.e., Aβ42), with a concomitant elevation of the production of shorter Aβ species. In this study,...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
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    The effect of thermal pressurization on dynamic fault branching (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-09
    Description: We numerically investigate the effect of thermal pressurization (TP) on fault branch behaviour during dynamic rupture propagation, a situation likely to occur during large earthquakes at subduction interfaces. We consider a 2-D mode II (in-plane) rupture in an infinite medium that propagates spontaneously along a planar main fault and encounters an intersection with a pre-existing branching fault. The fault system is subjected to uniform external stresses. We adopt the values used by Kame et al . We use the 2-D boundary integral equation method and the slip-weakening friction law with a Coulomb failure criterion, allowing the effective normal stress to vary as pore pressure changes due to TP. We reveal that TP can alter rupture propagation paths when the dip angle of the main fault is small. The rupture propagation paths depend on the branching angle when TP is not in effect on either of the faults, as described by Kame et al. However, the dynamic rupture processes are controlled more by TP than by the branching angle. When TP is in effect on the main fault only, the rupture propagates along the main fault. It propagates along the branch when TP is in effect on both faults. Finally, we considered the case where there is a free surface above the branch fault system. In this case, the rupture can propagate along both faults because of interaction between the free surface and the branch fault, in addition to TP on the main fault.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 6
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    Novel working hypothesis for pathogenesis of hematological malignancies: combination of mutations-induced cellular phenotypes determines the disease (cMIP-DD) (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-09
    Description: Recent progress in high-speed sequencing technology has revealed that tumors harbor novel mutations in a variety of genes including those for molecules involved in epigenetics and splicing, some of which were not categorized to previously thought malignancy-related genes. However, despite thorough identification of mutations in solid tumors and hematological malignancies, how these mutations induce cell transformation still remains elusive. In addition, each tumor usually contains multiple mutations or sometimes consists of multiple clones, which makes functional analysis difficult. Fifteen years ago, it was proposed that combination of two types of mutations induce acute leukemia; Class I mutations induce cell growth or inhibit apoptosis while class II mutations block differentiation, co-operating in inducing acute leukemia. This notion has been proven using a variety of mouse models, however most of recently found mutations are not typical class I/II mutations. Although some novel mutations have been found to functionally work as class I or II mutation in leukemogenesis, the classical class I/II theory seems to be too simple to explain the whole story. We here overview the molecular basis of hematological malignancies based on clinical and experimental results, and propose a new working hypothesis for leukemogenesis.
    Print ISSN: 0021-924X
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-2651
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Biochemical Society (JBS).
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  • 7
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    Simple Crack Models Explain Deformation Induced by Subduction Zone Megathrust Earthquakes (2016)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-08
    Description: Following the 2010 Maule and 2011 Tohoku earthquakes, many studies have examined the relation between megathrust earthquakes and subsequent deformation. Here, we apply simple models based on mode II shear cracks, including approximated effects of the free surface to study induced deformation during coseismic and early postseismic stages. We distinguish between buried and surface ruptures represented by a full-crack and a half-crack model, respectively. We adopt an analogy-based approach to interpret the half-crack model from well-known results of the full-crack model, which is also validated by our numerical simulations. With transferable knowledge between the two models, we provide easy ways to understand (1) the contrasting deformation patterns in the frontal wedge of the overriding plate between buried ruptures and surface ruptures, (2) the correlation between triggered outer-rise normal faulting and surface ruptures, and (3) the similar deformation patterns for both buried and surface ruptures toward the down-dip end, with a preference for normal faulting in the overriding plate and for reverse faulting in the subducting plate. These model outcomes are consistent with several recent observations on aftershocks and veins in a paleoaccretionary wedge. We further investigate some important transient features during rupture propagation which show that a transition from compressional to extensional deformation in the frontal wedge of the overriding plate is possible even during a single rupture event. Our work provides alternative views for understanding various aspects of subduction zone megathrust earthquakes and raises the issue of important transient features that were typically ignored in previous studies.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface structure of niobium-dioxide overlayer on niobium(100) identified by scanning tunneling microscopy (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 4772-4776 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The surface structures of an oxide overlayer on Nb(100) single crystal formed by numerous cycles of Ar-ion sputtering and flash annealing at 1973 K in an ultra-high-vacuum chamber have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. Flat terraces with a monatomic step height of Nb(100) are observed; where two orthogonal domains are alternately evident. A ladder-like (3×10) structure of Nb(100) with no long-range order is identified at atomic resolution in the domain on the terrace. The ladder-like (3×10) structure is interpreted to be a modulated NbO2(010) overlayer on the Nb(100) surface and an atomic structural model of the ladder-like (3×10) structure is proposed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1364649
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface superstructure on fullerenes annealed at elevated temperatures (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 3763-3767 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Scanning tunneling microscopy images of fullerenes annealed at elevated temperatures are investigated. Three types of ringlike superstructures of ((square root of 3)×(square root of 3))R30° of graphite, the circular type, the U type, and the semicircular type, are observed on the curved surface of the fullerenes annealed in the temperature range from 2073 to 2673 K. A new modified interference model, in which both the α and β site atoms contribute to the tunneling current caused by the curved surface, is proposed. The model well simulates the three types of the ringlike superstructure of graphite and the continuous change from the triangular structure of graphite to the ringlike superstructure of graphite. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372411
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single pentagon in a hexagonal carbon lattice revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3696-3698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electronic structure of a single pentagon in a hexagonal carbon lattice has been revealed on an atomic scale by scanning tunneling microscopy. The pentagon is located at the apex of the conical protuberance of the graphitic particle. The enhanced charge density localized at each carbon atom in the pentagon is identified, and the ringlike pattern of the ((square root of 3)×(square root of 3))R30° superstructure of graphite is clearly observed around the pentagon. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1377859
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