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  • 1
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    Oscillations and sparsening of odor representations in the mushroom body (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-20
    Description: In the insect olfactory system, oscillatory synchronization is functionally relevant and reflects the coherent activation of dynamic neural assemblies. We examined the role of such oscillatory synchronization in information transfer between networks in this system. The antennal lobe is the obligatory relay for olfactory afferent signals and generates oscillatory output. The mushroom body is responsible for formation and retrieval of olfactory and other memories. The format of odor representations differs significantly across these structures. Whereas representations are dense, dynamic, and seemingly redundant in the antennal lobe, they are sparse and carried by more selective neurons in the mushroom body. This transformation relies on a combination of oscillatory dynamics and intrinsic and circuit properties that act together to selectively filter and synthesize the output from the antennal lobe. These results provide direct support for the functional relevance of correlation codes and shed some light on the role of oscillatory synchronization in sensory networks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perez-Orive, Javier -- Mazor, Ofer -- Turner, Glenn C -- Cassenaer, Stijn -- Wilson, Rachel I -- Laurent, Gilles -- P41-RR09754/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 19;297(5580):359-65.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12130775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrodes ; Evoked Potentials ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Female ; Grasshoppers ; Interneurons/physiology ; Male ; Mushroom Bodies/*cytology/*physiology ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neural Inhibition ; Neurons/*physiology ; *Odors ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Picrotoxin/pharmacology ; Smell/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Normalization for sparse encoding of odors by a wide-field interneuron (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-10
    Description: Sparse coding presents practical advantages for sensory representations and memory storage. In the insect olfactory system, the representation of general odors is dense in the antennal lobes but sparse in the mushroom bodies, only one synapse downstream. In locusts, this transformation relies on the oscillatory structure of antennal lobe output, feed-forward inhibitory circuits, intrinsic properties of mushroom body neurons, and connectivity between antennal lobe and mushroom bodies. Here we show the existence of a normalizing negative-feedback loop within the mushroom body to maintain sparse output over a wide range of input conditions. This loop consists of an identifiable "giant" nonspiking inhibitory interneuron with ubiquitous connectivity and graded release properties.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3242050/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3242050/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Papadopoulou, Maria -- Cassenaer, Stijn -- Nowotny, Thomas -- Laurent, Gilles -- BB/F005113/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 6;332(6030):721-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1201835.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21551062" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Arthropod Antennae/cytology/*physiology ; Axons/physiology ; Dendrites/physiology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Feedback, Sensory ; Female ; Grasshoppers/cytology/*physiology ; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Interneurons/*physiology ; Male ; Mushroom Bodies/cytology/*physiology ; Neural Inhibition ; *Odors ; Olfactory Pathways/physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Conditional modulation of spike-timing-dependent plasticity for olfactory learning (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-27
    Description: Mushroom bodies are a well-known site for associative learning in insects. Yet the precise mechanisms that underlie plasticity there and ensure their specificity remain elusive. In locusts, the synapses between the intrinsic mushroom body neurons and their postsynaptic targets obey a Hebbian spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) rule. Although this property homeostatically regulates the timing of mushroom body output, its potential role in associative learning is unknown. Here we show in vivo that pre-post pairing causing STDP can, when followed by the local delivery of a reinforcement-mediating neuromodulator, specify the synapses that will undergo an associative change. At these synapses, and there only, the change is a transformation of the STDP rule itself. These results illustrate the multiple actions of STDP, including a role in associative learning, despite potential temporal dissociation between the pairings that specify synaptic modification and the delivery of reinforcement-mediating neuromodulator signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cassenaer, Stijn -- Laurent, Gilles -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jan 25;482(7383):47-52. doi: 10.1038/nature10776.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA. stijn@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22278062" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects/*physiology ; Animals ; Dendrites/drug effects/metabolism ; Female ; Grasshoppers/drug effects/*physiology ; Learning/drug effects/*physiology ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Nervous System/cytology ; Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects/*physiology ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Octopamine/pharmacology ; Odors/analysis ; Smell/drug effects/*physiology ; Synapses/drug effects/metabolism ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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