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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-01-03
    Description: At the forefront of new synthetic endeavors, such as drug discovery or natural product synthesis, large quantities of material are rarely available and timelines are tight. A miniaturized automation platform enabling high-throughput experimentation for synthetic route scouting to identify conditions for preparative reaction scale-up would be a transformative advance. Because automated, miniaturized chemistry is difficult to carry out in the presence of solids or volatile organic solvents, most of the synthetic "toolkit" cannot be readily miniaturized. Using palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions as a test case, we developed automation-friendly reactions to run in dimethyl sulfoxide at room temperature. This advance enabled us to couple the robotics used in biotechnology with emerging mass spectrometry-based high-throughput analysis techniques. More than 1500 chemistry experiments were carried out in less than a day, using as little as 0.02 milligrams of material per reaction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buitrago Santanilla, Alexander -- Regalado, Erik L -- Pereira, Tony -- Shevlin, Michael -- Bateman, Kevin -- Campeau, Louis-Charles -- Schneeweis, Jonathan -- Berritt, Simon -- Shi, Zhi-Cai -- Nantermet, Philippe -- Liu, Yong -- Helmy, Roy -- Welch, Christopher J -- Vachal, Petr -- Davies, Ian W -- Cernak, Tim -- Dreher, Spencer D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 2;347(6217):49-53. doi: 10.1126/science.1259203. Epub 2014 Nov 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Process and Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA. ; Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co. Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA. ; Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA. ; Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA. ; Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co. Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA. ; Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA. ; Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co. Inc., Boston, MA 02115, USA. timothy_cernak@merck.com spencer_dreher@merck.com. ; Department of Process and Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA. timothy_cernak@merck.com spencer_dreher@merck.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25554781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biotechnology ; Catalysis ; High-Throughput Screening Assays/*methods ; Mass Spectrometry ; *Nanoparticles ; Nanotechnology/*methods ; Palladium/chemistry ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/*chemical synthesis ; Robotics/methods
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: Despite steady progress in catalytic methods for the borylation of hydrocarbons, methane has not yet been subject to this transformation. Here we report the iridium-catalyzed borylation of methane using bis(pinacolborane) in cyclohexane solvent. Initially, trace amounts of borylated products were detected with phenanthroline-coordinated Ir complexes. A combination of experimental high-pressure and high-throughput screening, and computational mechanism discovery techniques helped to rationalize the foundation of the catalysis and identify improved phosphine-coordinated catalytic complexes. Optimized conditions of 150 degrees C and 3500-kilopascal pressure led to yields as high as ~52%, turnover numbers of 100, and improved chemoselectivity for monoborylated versus diborylated methane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Kyle T -- Berritt, Simon -- Gonzalez-Moreiras, Mariano -- Ahn, Seihwan -- Smith, Milton R 3rd -- Baik, Mu-Hyun -- Mindiola, Daniel J -- GM63188/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1424-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9730.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ; Institute for Basic Science-Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Daejeon, Korea. Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea. ; Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. smithmil@msu.edu mbaik2805@kaist.ac.kr mindiola@sas.upenn.edu. ; Institute for Basic Science-Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Daejeon, Korea. Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea. smithmil@msu.edu mbaik2805@kaist.ac.kr mindiola@sas.upenn.edu. ; Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. smithmil@msu.edu mbaik2805@kaist.ac.kr mindiola@sas.upenn.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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