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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method of pulsed-laser desorption of hydrogen (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 1936-1942 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An apparatus and an experimental procedure, mainly designed to investigate the thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrogen evolution in materials, are described. Employing a 30 ns ruby laser pulse as a heat source, this method probes H behavior at higher temperatures and on a much shorter time scale than classic thermal desorption. Precise calibration techniques for the laser fluence and the desorption yield have been developed. The absolute calibration agrees well with a measurement of the H content by elastic recoil detection. Particular attention has been paid to lateral uniformization of the laser intensity, to allow valid one-dimensional modeling of laser heating and H evolution, and extraction of the activation energies and kinetic factors. As an example, a cursory study of intrinsic H in Be is presented. The method is also applicable to other volatile dopants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353183
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a-SiC:H films produced in a standard plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system for x-ray mask application (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 3110-3115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hydrogenated amorphous a-SixC1−x:H films with various compositions (0.2≤x≤0.8) were prepared by a radio frequency (rf 100 kHz) glow discharge decomposition of a silane and methane mixture diluted in argon. The deposition system used was a commercially available plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition reactor allowing a high throughput (22 wafers of 4 in. diameter each run). The properties of the films such as thickness, density, and stress were investigated. The composition, including hydrogen content and Si/C ratio, and the structure of the films were systematically examined by means of several diagnostics including electron recoil detection, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and infrared (IR) absorption analysis. Thickness and density of the films were dependent on the film composition, while the stress of the films was highly compressive (3×109–1×1010 dynes/cm2). Density was about 2.4 g/cm3 for nearly stoichiometric SiC films. The hydrogen content of the films was practically constant at 27 at. % over the whole investigated composition range. The IR analyses suggested that the structure of the silicon carbide films is inorganic-like over the whole range of compositions. From stoichiometric to carbon-rich films, the structure mainly consists of a tetrahedral network where silicon atoms are randomly replaced by carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom is bonded to silicon (SiH group). However, the presence of SiH2 groups and microvoids was observed in the structure of Si-rich silicon carbide films. Finally, the development of SiC membranes for x-ray lithography was presented including the control of film stress by means of rapid thermal annealing. Silicon carbide membranes of relatively high surface area (32×32 mm2) and showing high optical transparency (80%) were successfully fabricated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351471
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of ne(r) and Te(r) in TdeV boundary layer by injection of laser ablated Li and C (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 5698-5702 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Li-atom and C-atom beams with energies of 5 and 15 eV, respectively, have been used to measure the electron density and temperature profiles in the scrape off layer and the plasma edge in TdeV. The beam penetrates into the plasma up to line densities of about nel=3×1017 m−2 and allows an instantaneous (≈250 μs) measurement of ne and Te up to 1.5×1019 m−3 and 100 eV, respectively. A camera with a Si-diode array is used to determine the spatial emissivity of the emitted light. Te(r) and ne(r) are obtained from the different attenuation and emission characteristics over the spatial range from the wall to ≈50 mm within the separatrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143351
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of edge density profiles on TdeV using the injection of laser-ablated lithium atoms : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 994-997 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An atom injector using laser blow off of lithium is installed on TdeV to obtain the radial edge profile of electron density near the throat of the top divertor. The profile is reconstructed from the emissivity of the LiI (2p 2P→2s 2S) transition at 670.8 nm. A short review of the diagnostic is given describing the experimental setup, the measurement procedures, and the density profile reconstruction method. Effects of plasma biasing on the edge electron density profile and the response of the edge profile to the line-average central electron density are shown to illustrate the diagnostic capabilities. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147734
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross section measurements of the 1H(3He,1H)3He reaction at 20° and 30° between 1.9 and 3.0 MeV (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 8886-8891 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The cross sections of the 1H(3He,1H)3He reaction have been measured at two different angles (20° and 30°) for 3He particles incident energies between 1.9 and 3.0 MeV. This reaction offers an alternative to the classical 1H(4He,1H)4He elastic recoil reaction and can be more attractive because 3He incident particles induce nuclear reactions on light elements such as 12C, 14N, or 16O. The new technique has been applied to silicon implanted with low energy hydrogen as well as a CxHy/Cu/CuxHy/Si specimen. For this multilayer, carbon, hydrogen, and carbon can be analyzed together using three different charge particle detectors. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362618
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of laser-ablated fast particle beams for the measurement of ne and Te profiles in the TEXTOR boundary layer (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1491-1493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have developed a source of suprathermal atoms consisting of a laser system, which ablates small portions of coating materials from the rear side of a glass substrate. The coating can be either a single species or a multilayer of several-thousand-angstrom thickness. Neutral particle beams produced by this method can have energies in the range of about 10 eV and penetrate into the plasma up to line densities of about nel=1×1013 cm−2. For the determination of the electron temperature we have chosen two elements, the ionization and excitation cross sections of which differ in the range up to 100 eV. For TEXTOR a two-component target with a C-LiF coating is used, which delivers a Li and C beam with about 5- and 15-eV energy, respectively, ablated by a ruby laser with 1-J energy. The beam attenuation is determined from the emitted light by using a camera with a Si-diode array system for spatial recording. The different attenuations and emission characteristics then allow the determination of radial electron density and temperature profiles over the spatial range from the liner into a few centimeters beyond the limiter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140173
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density determination in the TEXTOR boundary layer by laser-ablated fast lithium atoms (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 605-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A method is presented which allows a determination of electron density profiles in the plasma boundary of a fusion device up to some 1013 cm−3 within about 100 μs. For this purpose, the complete attenuation of an injected lithium beam is determined by measuring its optical emission profile. The beam is generated by a ruby laser, which ablates small portions of a LiF coating with a thickness of about 1000 A(ring) from the rear side of a glass substrate. The produced lithium atoms have velocities of 1×106 cm/s and can penetrate into the plasma until ne×l ≈1×1013 cm−2. For the measurement of the optical emission profile of the excited lithium atoms, a silicon photodiode array camera is used. The emission profile is then converted into an electron density profile with the help of the ionization rate for lithium atoms by electron impact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139841
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of supersymmetry (1991)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 352 (1991), S. 21-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] NATURE may respect a new, hitherto unseen symmetry, called supersymmetry, and there may be a new form of matter, according to several new papers1"3. The evidence advanced is indirect and relies both on the theoretically motivated idea that the fundamental forces of nature are all aspects of a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/352021a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implications of dynamical rescaling forJ /Ψ production and hadronic processes (1985)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (1985), S. 515-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate the consequences of dynamic rescaling—i.e. the simpleQ 2 shift relating nuclear and nucleon structure functions—for reactions where the parton distributions in nuclei are a crucial ingredient. A number of predictions are made, some of which can very soon be compared with experiment. We discuss ways of testing dynamical rescaling for valence quarks, sea quarks and gluons separately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01551793
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AES and RBS analyses of tokamak collector probes - experimental considerations (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 15 (1990), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Analyses by RBS and AES of beryllium collector samples exposed to discharges in the Tokamak de Varennes have been made. Good agreement for the total amounts and types of material deposited on collectors oriented in each of three ways was observed. However, analysis of the AES sputter-depth profile indicated a peaking of the metal near the outer surface of the collectors. This can be explained by a simple model involving sputtering and redeposition during the tokamak discharge. Implications of this model are that the average amount of material deposited on the collectors may not be related directly to impurity concentrations in the plasma. Experimental analysis of material deposited on the collectors must be made with sufficient depth resolution to obtain information about sputter-redeposition activities during plasma discharges.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740150407
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