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  • 1
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    Species-specific responses to climate change and community composition determine future calcification rates of Florida Keys reefs (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-27
    Description: Anthropogenic climate change compromises reef growth as a result of increasing temperatures and ocean acidification. Scleractinian corals vary in their sensitivity to these variables, suggesting species composition will influence how reef communities respond to future climate change. Because data are lacking for many species, most studies that model future reef growth rely on uniform scleractinian calcification sensitivities to temperature and ocean acidification. In order to address this knowledge gap, calcification of twelve common and understudied Caribbean coral species was measured for two months under crossed temperatures (27°C, 30.3°C) and CO 2 partial pressures ( p CO 2 ) (400, 900, 1300 μ atm). Mixed effects models of calcification for each species were then used to project community-level scleractinian calcification using Florida Keys reef composition data and IPCC AR5 ensemble climate model data. Three of the four most abundant species, Orbicella faveolata, Montastraea cavernosa, and Porites astreoides , had negative calcification responses to both elevated temperature and p CO 2 . In the business-as-usual CO 2 emissions scenario, reefs with high abundances of these species had projected end-of-century declines in scleractinian calcification of 〉50% relative to present-day rates. Siderastrea siderea , the other most-common species, was insensitive to both temperature and p CO 2 within the levels tested here. Reefs dominated by this species had the most stable end-of-century growth. Under more optimistic scenarios of reduced CO 2 emissions, calcification rates throughout the Florida Keys declined 〈20% by 2100. Under the most extreme emissions scenario, projected declines were highly variable among reefs, ranging 10 to 100%. Without considering bleaching, reef growth will likely decline on most reefs, especially where resistant species like S. siderea are not already dominant. This study demonstrates how species composition influences reef community responses to climate change and how reduced CO 2 emissions can limit future declines in reef calcification. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Low-temperature magnetotransport of the narrow-gap semiconductor FeSb_{2} (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-19
    Description: Author(s): H. Takahashi, R. Okazaki, Y. Yasui, and I. Terasaki [Phys. Rev. B 84, 205215] Published Fri Nov 18, 2011
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 3
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    Optical study of the electronic structure and correlation effects in K_{0.49}RhO_{2} (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-06
    Description: Author(s): R. Okazaki, Y. Nishina, Y. Yasui, S. Shibasaki, and I. Terasaki We study the optical properties of the layered rhodium oxide K 0.49 RhO 2 , which is isostructural to the thermoelectric material Na x CoO 2 . The optical conductivity shows broad interband transition peaks as well as a low-energy Drude-like upturn, reminiscent of the optical spectra of Na x CoO 2 . We find tha... [Phys. Rev. B 84, 075110] Published Fri Aug 05, 2011
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Photo-transport properties of Pb2CrO5 single crystals (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-21
    Description: We report photo-thermoelectric transport phenomena in Pb 2 CrO 5 single crystals. Without illumination, this material exhibits an insulating behavior characterized by an activation-type temperature variation of the electrical conductivity. The Seebeck coefficient contrastingly shows a crossover from high-temperature insulating to low-temperature metallic behavior, which is attributed to degenerate carriers in a donor level. We have found that under illumination, both the conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient increase in magnitude with increasing photon flux density in the degenerate-conduction regime. This result is difficult to understand within a simple photo-doping effect, which usually leads to a decrease in the Seebeck coefficient under illumination. The observed phenomenon is discussed in terms of a two-carrier contribution to the transport properties.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 5
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    Neutron activation analysis of a particle returned from asteroid Itokawa (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: A single grain (~3 micrograms) returned by the Hayabusa spacecraft was analyzed by neutron activation analysis. This grain is mainly composed of olivine with minor amounts of plagioclase, troilite, and metal. Our results establish that the Itokawa sample has similar chemical characteristics (iron/scandium and nickel/cobalt ratios) to chondrites, confirming that this grain is extraterrestrial in origin and has primitive chemical compositions. Estimated iridium/nickel and iridium/cobalt ratios for metal in the Itokawa samples are about five times lower than CI carbonaceous chondrite values. A similar depletion of iridium was observed in chondrule metals of ordinary chondrites. These metals must have condensed from the nebular where refractory siderophile elements already condensed and were segregated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ebihara, M -- Sekimoto, S -- Shirai, N -- Hamajima, Y -- Yamamoto, M -- Kumagai, K -- Oura, Y -- Ireland, T R -- Kitajima, F -- Nagao, K -- Nakamura, T -- Naraoka, H -- Noguchi, T -- Okazaki, R -- Tsuchiyama, A -- Uesugi, M -- Yurimoto, H -- Zolensky, M E -- Abe, M -- Fujimura, A -- Mukai, T -- Yada, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1119-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1207865.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan. ebihara-mitsuru@tmu.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868669" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Itokawa dust particles: a direct link between S-type asteroids and ordinary chondrites (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: The Hayabusa spacecraft successfully recovered dust particles from the surface of near-Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa. Synchrotron-radiation x-ray diffraction and transmission and scanning electron microscope analyses indicate that the mineralogy and mineral chemistry of the Itokawa dust particles are identical to those of thermally metamorphosed LL chondrites, consistent with spectroscopic observations made from Earth and by the Hayabusa spacecraft. Our results directly demonstrate that ordinary chondrites, the most abundant meteorites found on Earth, come from S-type asteroids. Mineral chemistry indicates that the majority of regolith surface particles suffered long-term thermal annealing and subsequent impact shock, suggesting that Itokawa is an asteroid made of reassembled pieces of the interior portions of a once larger asteroid.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakamura, Tomoki -- Noguchi, Takaaki -- Tanaka, Masahiko -- Zolensky, Michael E -- Kimura, Makoto -- Tsuchiyama, Akira -- Nakato, Aiko -- Ogami, Toshihiro -- Ishida, Hatsumi -- Uesugi, Masayuki -- Yada, Toru -- Shirai, Kei -- Fujimura, Akio -- Okazaki, Ryuji -- Sandford, Scott A -- Ishibashi, Yukihiro -- Abe, Masanao -- Okada, Tatsuaki -- Ueno, Munetaka -- Mukai, Toshifumi -- Yoshikawa, Makoto -- Kawaguchi, Junichiro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1113-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1207758.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Material Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan. tomoki@m.tohoku.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Incipient space weathering observed on the surface of Itokawa dust particles (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: The reflectance spectra of the most abundant meteorites, ordinary chondrites, are different from those of the abundant S-type (mnemonic for siliceous) asteroids. This discrepancy has been thought to be due to space weathering, which is an alteration of the surfaces of airless bodies exposed to the space environment. Here we report evidence of space weathering on particles returned from the S-type asteroid 25143 Itokawa by the Hayabusa spacecraft. Surface modification was found in 5 out of 10 particles, which varies depending on mineral species. Sulfur-bearing Fe-rich nanoparticles exist in a thin (5 to 15 nanometers) surface layer on olivine, low-Ca pyroxene, and plagioclase, which is suggestive of vapor deposition. Sulfur-free Fe-rich nanoparticles exist deeper inside (〈60 nanometers) ferromagnesian silicates. Their texture suggests formation by metamictization and in situ reduction of Fe(2+).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Noguchi, T -- Nakamura, T -- Kimura, M -- Zolensky, M E -- Tanaka, M -- Hashimoto, T -- Konno, M -- Nakato, A -- Ogami, T -- Fujimura, A -- Abe, M -- Yada, T -- Mukai, T -- Ueno, M -- Okada, T -- Shirai, K -- Ishibashi, Y -- Okazaki, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1121-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1207794.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan. tngc@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868670" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Three-dimensional structure of Hayabusa samples: origin and evolution of Itokawa regolith (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: Regolith particles on the asteroid Itokawa were recovered by the Hayabusa mission. Their three-dimensional (3D) structure and other properties, revealed by x-ray microtomography, provide information on regolith formation. Modal abundances of minerals, bulk density (3.4 grams per cubic centimeter), and the 3D textures indicate that the particles represent a mixture of equilibrated and less-equilibrated LL chondrite materials. Evidence for melting was not seen on any of the particles. Some particles have rounded edges. Overall, the particles' size and shape are different from those seen in particles from the lunar regolith. These features suggest that meteoroid impacts on the asteroid surface primarily form much of the regolith particle, and that seismic-induced grain motion in the smooth terrain abrades them over time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsuchiyama, Akira -- Uesugi, Masayuki -- Matsushima, Takashi -- Michikami, Tatsuhiro -- Kadono, Toshihiko -- Nakamura, Tomoki -- Uesugi, Kentaro -- Nakano, Tsukasa -- Sandford, Scott A -- Noguchi, Ryo -- Matsumoto, Toru -- Matsuno, Junya -- Nagano, Takashi -- Imai, Yuta -- Takeuchi, Akihisa -- Suzuki, Yoshio -- Ogami, Toshihiro -- Katagiri, Jun -- Ebihara, Mitsuru -- Ireland, Trevor R -- Kitajima, Fumio -- Nagao, Keisuke -- Naraoka, Hiroshi -- Noguchi, Takaaki -- Okazaki, Ryuji -- Yurimoto, Hisayoshi -- Zolensky, Michael E -- Mukai, Toshifumi -- Abe, Masanao -- Yada, Toru -- Fujimura, Akio -- Yoshikawa, Makoto -- Kawaguchi, Junichiro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1125-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1207807.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan. akira@ess.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868671" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Rotational symmetry breaking in the hidden-order phase of URu2Si2 (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-29
    Description: A second-order phase transition is characterized by spontaneous symmetry breaking. The nature of the broken symmetry in the so-called "hidden-order" phase transition in the heavy-fermion compound URu(2)Si(2), at transition temperature T(h) = 17.5 K, has posed a long-standing mystery. We report the emergence of an in-plane anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility below T(h), which breaks the four-fold rotational symmetry of the tetragonal URu(2)Si(2). Two-fold oscillations in the magnetic torque under in-plane field rotation were sensitively detected in small pure crystals. Our findings suggest that the hidden-order phase is an electronic "nematic" phase, a translationally invariant metallic phase with spontaneous breaking of rotational symmetry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okazaki, R -- Shibauchi, T -- Shi, H J -- Haga, Y -- Matsuda, T D -- Yamamoto, E -- Onuki, Y -- Ikeda, H -- Matsuda, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 28;331(6016):439-42. doi: 10.1126/science.1197358.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Spectroscopic signature of trimer Mott insulator and charge disproportionation in ${\mathrm{BaIrO}}_{3}$ (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-17
    Description: Author(s): R. Okazaki, S. Ito, K. Tanabe, H. Taniguchi, Y. Ikemoto, T. Moriwaki, and I. Terasaki We have measured the reflectivity spectra of the barium iridate 9 R BaIrO 3 , the crystal structure of which consists of characteristic Ir 3 O 12 trimers. In the high-temperature phase above the transition temperature T c ≃ 180  K, we find that the optical conductivity involves two temperature-dependent optica... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 205131] Published Fri Nov 16, 2018
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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