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  • 1
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    Cytoplasmic tail-dependent localization of CD1b antigen-presenting molecules to MIICs (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-07-19
    Description: CD1 proteins have been implicated as antigen-presenting molecules for T cell-mediated immune responses, but their intracellular localization and trafficking remain uncharacterized. CD1b, a member of this family that presents microbial lipid antigens of exogenous origin, was found to localize to endocytic compartments that included the same specialized subset of endosomes in which major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are proposed to bind endocytosed antigens. Unlike MHC class II molecules, which traffic to antigen-loading endosomal compartments [MHC class II compartments (MIICs)] primarily as a consequence of their association with the invariant chain, localization of CD1b to these compartments was dependent on a tyrosine-based motif in its own cytoplasmic tail.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sugita, M -- Jackman, R M -- van Donselaar, E -- Behar, S M -- Rogers, R A -- Peters, P J -- Brenner, M B -- Porcelli, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jul 19;273(5273):349-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lymphocyte Biology Section, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, CD1/analysis/chemistry/*metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes ; Base Sequence ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/immunology ; Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/immunology ; Endocytosis ; Endosomes/*immunology/ultrastructure ; HLA-D Antigens/analysis ; HeLa Cells ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/analysis/*metabolism ; Humans ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Monocytes/immunology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Birkeland currents during substorms: Statistical evidence for intensification of Regions 1 and 2 currents after onset and a localised signature of auroral dimming (2017)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2017-06-17
    Description: We conduct a superposed epoch analysis of Birkeland current densities from AMPERE (Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment) using isolated substorm expansion phase onsets identified by an independently derived dataset. In order to evaluate whether R1 and R2 currents contribute to the substorm current wedge, we rotate global maps of Birkeland currents into a common coordinate system centred on the MLT of substorm onset. When the latitude of substorm is taken into account, it is clear that both R1 and R2 current systems play a role in substorm onset, contrary to previous studies which found that R2 current did not contribute. The latitude of substorm onset is co-located with the interface between R1 and R2 currents, allowing us to infer that R1 current closes just tailward and R2 current closes just Earthward of the associated current disruption in the tail. AMPERE is the first dataset to give near-instantaneous measurements of Birkeland current across the whole polar cap, and this study addresses apparent discrepancies in previous studies which have used AMPERE to examine the morphology of the substorm current wedge. Finally, we present evidence for an extremely localised reduction in current density immediately prior to substorm onset, and we interpret this as the first statistical signature of auroral dimming in Birkeland current.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Automated Force Free Flux Rope Identification (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-12-30
    Description: We describe a method developed to automatically identify quasi-force free magnetotail flux ropes from in-situ spacecraft magnetometer data. The method locates significant (greater than 1 σ ) deflections of the north-south component of the magnetic field coincident with enhancements in other field components. The magnetic field data around the deflections are then processed using Minimum Variance Analysis (MVA) to narrow the selection down to those that exhibit the characteristics of flux ropes. The subset of candidates that fulfill the requirements are then compared to a cylindrical, linear (constant- α ) force free model. Those that can be well approximated as force-free are then accepted. The model fit also provides a measure of the physical parameters that describe the flux rope (i.e. core field and radius). This process allows for the creation of a repeatable, consistent catalog of flux ropes. Automation allows a greater volume of data to be covered, saving time and allowing the exploration of potential selection biases. The technique is applied to MESSENGER magnetometer data in the Hermean magnetotail and successfully locates flux ropes, some of which match previously known encounters. Assumptions of the method and potential future applications are discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Plasma Flows in Saturn's Nightside Magnetosphere (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-27
    Description: The plasma properties, especially the flow parameters, obtained from numerical integration of Cassini/CAPS Ion Mass Spectrometer measurements during intervals when the CAPS field of view encompassed both inward and outward flow directions relative to corotation are examined for nightside data (18–06 local time) during 2006, 2009, and 2010. The results show good agreement with previously-reported values derived using different selection criteria and a different analysis technique. Nightside flows are dominantly in or near the corotation direction, indicating continuing influence of connection to the ionosphere. There is no evidence for a quasi-steady reconnection x-line within the surveyed region of the tail, although dynamic events attributable to transient reconnection have been observed. There is a net radial mass outflow, leading to an estimated net mass loss between 18 and 03 local time of ~34 kg/s. Part of this mass loss occurs as a “planetary wind” along the dusk flank. The remainder probably occurs ultimately much deeper in the tail and along the distant dawn magnetopause, when the mass disconnects from the weakened planetary magnetic field.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Space Weather in the Machine Learning era: a multi-disciplinary approach (2018)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2018-01-06
    Description: The workshop entitled Space Weather: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach took place at the Lorentz Center, University of Leiden, Netherlands, on September 25-29, 2017. The aim of this workshop was to bring together members of the Space Weather, Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science communities to address the use of advanced techniques such as Machine Learning, Information Theory, and Deep Learning, to better understand the Sun-Earth system and to improve space weather forecast. Although individual efforts have been made towards this goal, the community consensus is that establishing inter-disciplinary collaborations is the most promising strategy for fully utilizing the potential of these advanced techniques in solving Space Weather-related problems.
    Print ISSN: 1539-4964
    Electronic ISSN: 1542-7390
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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