Publication Date:
2014-10-03
Description:
Systemic infection induces conserved physiological responses that include both resistance and 'tolerance of infection' mechanisms. Temporary anorexia associated with an infection is often beneficial, reallocating energy from food foraging towards resistance to infection or depriving pathogens of nutrients. However, it imposes a stress on intestinal commensals, as they also experience reduced substrate availability; this affects host fitness owing to the loss of caloric intake and colonization resistance (protection from additional infections). We hypothesized that the host might utilize internal resources to support the gut microbiota during the acute phase of the disease. Here we show that systemic exposure to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands causes rapid alpha(1,2)-fucosylation of small intestine epithelial cells (IECs) in mice, which requires the sensing of TLR agonists, as well as the production of interleukin (IL)-23 by dendritic cells, activation of innate lymphoid cells and expression of fucosyltransferase 2 (Fut2) by IL-22-stimulated IECs. Fucosylated proteins are shed into the lumen and fucose is liberated and metabolized by the gut microbiota, as shown by reporter bacteria and community-wide analysis of microbial gene expression. Fucose affects the expression of microbial metabolic pathways and reduces the expression of bacterial virulence genes. It also improves host tolerance of the mild pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Thus, rapid IEC fucosylation appears to be a protective mechanism that utilizes the host's resources to maintain host-microbial interactions during pathogen-induced stress.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4214913/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4214913/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pickard, Joseph M -- Maurice, Corinne F -- Kinnebrew, Melissa A -- Abt, Michael C -- Schenten, Dominik -- Golovkina, Tatyana V -- Bogatyrev, Said R -- Ismagilov, Rustem F -- Pamer, Eric G -- Turnbaugh, Peter J -- Chervonsky, Alexander V -- AI42135/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI96706/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK42086/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK042086/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM068763/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI090084/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI095706/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007090/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI065382/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000430/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Oct 30;514(7524):638-41. doi: 10.1038/nature13823. Epub 2014 Oct 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. ; FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA. ; Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. ; California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25274297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Animals
;
Anorexia/complications/microbiology
;
Bacteria/genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity
;
Citrobacter rodentium/immunology
;
Dendritic Cells/immunology/metabolism
;
*Disease
;
Eating
;
Epithelium/*metabolism/*microbiology
;
Fatty Acids/chemistry/metabolism
;
Female
;
Fucose/*metabolism
;
Fucosyltransferases/metabolism
;
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
;
Glycosylation
;
Immune Tolerance
;
Immunity, Innate
;
Interleukins/biosynthesis/immunology
;
Intestine, Small/*metabolism/*microbiology
;
Ligands
;
Male
;
Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics
;
Mice
;
Microbiota/physiology
;
Protective Factors
;
*Symbiosis
;
Toll-Like Receptors/agonists/immunology/metabolism
;
Virulence Factors/genetics
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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