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  • 1
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    Anthropogenically enhanced fluxes of water and carbon from the Mississippi River (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-25
    Description: The water and dissolved inorganic carbon exported by rivers are important net fluxes that connect terrestrial and oceanic water and carbon reservoirs. For most rivers, the majority of dissolved inorganic carbon is in the form of bicarbonate. The riverine bicarbonate flux originates mainly from the dissolution of rock minerals by soil water carbon dioxide, a process called chemical weathering, which controls the buffering capacity and mineral content of receiving streams and rivers. Here we introduce an unprecedented high-temporal-resolution, 100-year data set from the Mississippi River and couple it with sub-watershed and precipitation data to reveal that the large increase in bicarbonate flux that has occurred over the past 50 years (ref. 3) is clearly anthropogenically driven. We show that the increase in bicarbonate and water fluxes is caused mainly by an increase in discharge from agricultural watersheds that has not been balanced by a rise in precipitation, which is also relevant to nutrient and pesticide fluxes to the Gulf of Mexico. These findings demonstrate that alterations in chemical weathering are relevant to improving contemporary biogeochemical budgets. Furthermore, land use change and management were arguably more important than changes in climate and plant CO2 fertilization to increases in riverine water and carbon export from this large region over the past 50 years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raymond, Peter A -- Oh, Neung-Hwan -- Turner, R Eugene -- Broussard, Whitney -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 24;451(7177):449-52. doi: 10.1038/nature06505.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA. peter.raymond@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/history ; Bicarbonates/*analysis/chemistry ; Carbon/*analysis ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; Geologic Sediments/analysis/chemistry ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Human Activities/history ; Mississippi ; Rain ; Rivers/*chemistry ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Environment. Sustainable development of the agricultural bio-economy (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: A U.S. farm policy shift to joint production of commodities and ecological services will advance sustainable agriculture.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jordan, N -- Boody, G -- Broussard, W -- Glover, J D -- Keeney, D -- McCown, B H -- McIsaac, G -- Muller, M -- Murray, H -- Neal, J -- Pansing, C -- Turner, R E -- Warner, K -- Wyse, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1570-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Agronomy and Plant Genetics Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55018, USA. jorda020@umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Biomass ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Crops, Agricultural ; Ecosystem ; Energy-Generating Resources ; *Environment ; Public Policy ; Research ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Wetland sedimentation from hurricanes Katrina and Rita (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-23
    Description: More than 131 x 10(6) metric tons (MT) of inorganic sediments accumulated in coastal wetlands when Hurricanes Katrina and Rita crossed the Louisiana coast in 2005, plus another 281 x 10(6) MT when accumulation was prorated for open water area. The annualized combined amount of inorganic sediments per hurricane equals (i) 12% of the Mississippi River's suspended load, (ii) 5.5 times the inorganic load delivered by overbank flooding before flood protection levees were constructed, and (iii) 227 times the amount introduced by a river diversion built for wetland restoration. The accumulation from hurricanes is sufficient to account for all the inorganic sediments in healthy saltmarsh wetlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Turner, R Eugene -- Baustian, Joseph J -- Swenson, Erick M -- Spicer, Jennifer S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 20;314(5798):449-52. Epub 2006 Sep 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Coastal Ecology Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. euturne@lsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990516" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Plankton productivity and the distribution of fishes on the southeastern u.s. Continental shelf (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Turner, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 16;214(4518):353-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17829794" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Managing wetlands (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Turner, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 15;212(4496):795-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17752263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Estuarine influences on a continental shelf plankton community (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-10-12
    Description: On the southeastern U.S. continental shelf, phytoplankton primary production and the densities of zooplankton, fish eggs, and fish larvae peak simultaneously in late summer and early fall. Some community response to irregular storm events is observed. However, the gross plankton community dynamics on this shelf are dominated by couplings with the local estuaries and shallow nearshore zone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Turner, R E -- Woo, S W -- Jitts, H R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 12;206(4415):218-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17801789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Incorporation of Deepwater Horizon oil in a terrestrial bird (2016)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-16
    Description: Carbon isotopic evidence revealed Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil entering coastal planktonic and lower terrestrial food webs. The integration of spilled oil into higher terrestrial trophic levels, however, remains uncertain. We measured radiocarbon ( 14 C) and stable carbon ( 13 C) in seaside sparrow ( Ammodramus maritimus ) feathers and crop contents. Lower 14 C and 13 C values in feathers and crop contents of birds from contaminated areas indicated incorporation of carbon from oil. Our results, although based on a small sample of birds, thus reveal a food-web link between oil exposure and a terrestrial ecosystem. They also suggest that the reduction in reproductive success previously documented in the same population might be due to the (direct) toxic effect of oil exposure, rather than to (indirect) ecological effects. We recommend future studies test our results by using larger samples of birds from a wider area in order to assess the ...
    Print ISSN: 1748-9318
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-9326
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Achromatically filtered diamond photoconductive detectors for high power soft x-ray flux measurements : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 656-658 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A 1-mm-square diamond photoconductive detector (PCD) has been installed on the LLNL Nova laser system, for use as a broadband soft x-ray power diagnostic. The PCD is installed behind an array of pinholes, which cast multiple, overlapping images of the source onto the diamond. This allows reduction of the x-ray intensity, to avoid saturation problems, while avoiding the spectral dependency of thin film filters. The diode current is read out on a 5 GHz bandwidth scope. The system is calibrated by comparison to an absolutely calibrated array of filtered vacuum x-ray photodiodes ("dante"). The time response of the PCD and its bias electronics have been characterized using the 5th harmonic (210 nm) of a short pulse (〈1 ps) Ti: sapphire laser. The data show a fast rise, limited by the 5 GHz scope bandwidth, and a slower fall off, characterized by an RC time of order 200 ps. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149385
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hohlraum symmetry measurements with surrogate solid targets (invited) : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 536-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Time-resolved radiographic imaging of low density, solid spherical surrogate targets has been used to provide a time-dependent measurement of drive pressure symmetry in cylindrical hohlraums on both the Nova and Omega lasers. The experiments replace the usual capsule at the center of a gold hohlraum with a sphere of SiO2 foam (ρ=0.3 g/cm3). The laser generates an x-ray drive inside the hohlraum which does not produce perfectly symmetric drive pressure on a spherical target, giving rise to a distorted shock traveling radially inward. The rarefaction behind the shock generated in this sphere produces a rapid rise in x-ray transmission which is easily detectable experimentally by radiography. The position of this feature may be determined to within a few microns in our experimental setup using a gated x-ray pinhole camera. Time-dependent control of drive symmetry in a hohlraum requires the ability to adjust the laser power as a function of both time and position along the hohlraum axis. We have implemented this control on the Omega laser by delaying sets of beams ("beam staggering") and on the Nova laser ("beam phasing") by delivering two independent pulse shapes on inner and outer halves of the Nova beams. The improvement in P2 pressure symmetry with this control as measured with the foam ball technique was found to be as much as a factor of 3, compared with deliberately mistuned drives. On the National Ignition Facility (NIF), we expect to use this technique as part of the effort to tune drive symmetry to achieve higher gain. We present results from these experiments from both facilities and comparisons with LASNEX simulations. In addition, we discuss the application of the foam ball technique to NIF targets. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149358
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray backlighting for the National Ignition Facility (invited) : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 627-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: X-ray backlighting is a powerful tool for diagnosing a large variety of high-density phenomena. Traditional area backlighting techniques used at Nova and Omega cannot be extended efficiently to National Ignition Facility scale. New, more efficient backlighting sources and techniques are required and have begun to show promising results. These include a backlit-pinhole point-projection technique, pinhole and slit arrays, distributed polychromatic sources, and picket-fence backlighters. In parallel, there have been developments in improving the data signal-to-noise and, hence, quality by switching from film to charge-coupled-device-based recording media and by removing the fixed-pattern noise of microchannel-plate-based cameras. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1315641
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