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  • 1
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    Absolute plate motion of Africa around Hawaii-Emperor bend time (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-17
    Description: Numerous regional plate reorganizations and the coeval ages of the Hawaiian Emperor bend (HEB) and Louisville bend of 50–47 Ma have been interpreted as a possible global tectonic plate reorganization at ~chron 21 (47.9 Ma). Yet for a truly global event we would expect a contemporaneous change in Africa absolute plate motion (APM) reflected by physical evidence distributed on the Africa Plate. This evidence has been postulated to take the form of the Réunion-Mascarene bend which exhibits many HEB-like features, such as a large angular change close to ~chron 21. However, the Réunion hotspot trail has recently been interpreted as a sequence of continental fragments with incidental hotspot volcanism. Here we show that the alternative Réunion-Mascarene Plateau trail can also satisfy the age progressions and geometry of other hotspot trails on the Africa Plate. The implied motion, suggesting a pivoting of Africa from 67 to 50 Ma, could explain the apparent bifurcation of the Tristan hotspot chain, the age reversals seen along the Walvis Ridge, the sharp curve of the Canary trail, and the diffuse nature of the St. Helena chain. To test this hypothesis further we made a new Africa APM model that extends back to ~80 Ma using a modified version of the Hybrid Polygonal Finite Rotation Method. This method uses seamount chains and their associated hotspots as geometric constraints for the model, and seamount age dates to determine APM through time. While this model successfully explains many of the volcanic features, it implies an unrealistically fast global lithospheric net rotation, as well as improbable APM trajectories for many other plates, including the Americas, Eurasia and Australia. We contrast this speculative model with a more conventional model in which the Mascarene Plateau is excluded in favour of the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge rotated into the Africa reference frame. This second model implies more realistic net lithospheric rotation and far-field APMs, but fails to explain key details of the Atlantic Ocean volcanic chains. Both models predict a Canary plume influence beneath the Madeiras. Neither model, when projected via the global plate circuit into the Pacific, predicts any significant change in plate motion around chron 21. Consequently, Africa APM models do not appear to provide independent support for a chron 21 global reorganization.
    Keywords: Geodynamics and Tectonics
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 2
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    Antimicrobial resistance dashboard application for mapping environmental occurrence and resistant pathogens (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-02
    Description: An antibiotic resistance (AR) Dashboard application is being developed regarding the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) and bacteria (ARB) in environmental and clinical settings. The application gathers and geospatially maps AR studies, reported occurrence and antibiograms, which can be downloaded for offline analysis. With the integration of multiple data sets, the database can be used on a regional or global scale to identify hot spots for ARGs and ARB; track and link spread and transmission, quantify environmental or human factors influencing presence and persistence of ARG harboring organisms; differentiate natural ARGs from those distributed via human or animal activity; cluster and compare ARGs connections in different environments and hosts; and identify genes that can be used as proxies to routinely monitor anthropogenic pollution. To initially populate and develop the AR Dashboard, a qPCR ARG array was tested with 30 surface waters, primary influent from three waste water treatment facilities, ten clinical isolates from a regional hospital and data from previously published studies including river, park soil and swine farm samples. Interested users are invited to download a beta version (available on iOS or Android), submit AR information using the application, and provide feedback on current and prospective functionalities.
    Print ISSN: 0168-6496
    Electronic ISSN: 1574-6941
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Cumulative Risk Assessment (CRA): Transforming the Way We Assess Health Risks (2012)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-13
    Description: Environmental Science & Technology DOI: 10.1021/es3025353
    Print ISSN: 0013-936X
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5851
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 4
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    Convergence of de Boor's algorithm for the generation of equidistributing meshes (2011)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-24
    Description: A commonly used algorithm for generating adaptive meshes for a given adaptation function in one dimension is due to de Boor. In its original form the algorithm produces a sequence of meshes upon using piecewise constant interpolation for the adaptation function on the current mesh and generating a new mesh that exactly equidistributes the interpolant. In this paper we present a proof for the existence of a limit mesh and for the convergence of de Boor's algorithm. Numerical results are given to illustrate the theoretical findings, and stopping criteria necessary for the implementation of the algorithm are examined.
    Print ISSN: 0272-4979
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3642
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Correction to Environmental and Sustainability Factors Associated With Next-Generation Biofuels in the U.S.: What Do We Really Know? (2011)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-19
    Description: Environmental Science & Technology DOI: 10.1021/es2035043
    Print ISSN: 0013-936X
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5851
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 6
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    Functional consequences of posttranslational isomerization of Ser46 in a calcium channel toxin (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-11-11
    Description: The venom of the funnel-web spider Agelenopsis aperta contains several peptides that paralyze prey by blocking voltage-sensitive calcium channels. Two peptides, omega-Aga-IVB (IVB) and omega-Aga-IVC (IVC), have identical amino acid sequences, yet have opposite absolute configurations at serine 46. These toxins had similar selectivities for blocking voltage-sensitive calcium channel subtypes but different potencies for blocking P-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells as well as calcium-45 influx into rat brain synaptosomes. An enzyme purified from venom converts IVC to IVB by isomerizing serine 46, which is present in the carboxyl-terminal tail, from the L to the D configuration. Unlike the carboxyl terminus of IVC, that of IVB was resistant to the major venom protease. These results show enzymatic activities in A. aperta venom being used in an unprecedented strategy for coproduction of necessary neurotoxins that possess enhanced stability and potency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heck, S D -- Siok, C J -- Krapcho, K J -- Kelbaugh, P R -- Thadeio, P F -- Welch, M J -- Williams, R D -- Ganong, A H -- Kelly, M E -- Lanzetti, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 11;266(5187):1065-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NPS Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agatoxins ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channel Blockers/chemistry/*metabolism/toxicity ; Calcium Channels/*metabolism ; Isomerases/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Purkinje Cells/metabolism ; Rats ; Serine/*metabolism ; Spider Venoms/chemistry/enzymology/*metabolism/toxicity ; Stereoisomerism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Synaptosomes/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Hyperscale terrain modelling of braided rivers: fusing mobile terrestrial laser scanning and optical bathymetric mapping (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-13
    Description: ABSTRACT Quantifying the morphology of braided rivers is a key task for understanding braided river behaviour. In the last decade, developments in geomatics technologies and associated data processing methods have transformed the production of precise, reach-scale topographic datasets. Nevertheless, generating accurate Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) remains a demanding task, particularly in fluvial systems. This paper identifies a threefold set of challenges associated with surveying these dynamic landforms: complex relief, inundated shallow channels and high rates of sediment transport, and terms these challenges the “morphological”, “wetted channel” and “mobility” problems respectively. In an attempt to confront these issues directly, this paper presents a novel survey methodology that combines mobile terrestrial laser scanning and non-metric aerial photography with data reduction and surface modelling techniques to render DEMs from the resulting very high resolution datasets. The approach is used to generate and model a precise, dense topographic dataset for a 2.5 km reach of the braided Rees River, New Zealand. Data were acquired rapidly between high flow events and incorporate over 5 x 10 9 raw survey observations with point densities of 1600 pts m -2 on exposed bar and channel surfaces. A detailed error analysis of the resulting sub-metre resolution is described to quantify DEM quality across the entire surface model. This reveals unparalleled low vertical errors for such a large and complex surface model; between 0.03-0.12 m in exposed and inundated areas of the model respectively. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0197-9337
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-9837
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    VARIABILITY OF SOIL WATER PROPERTIES AND CROP YIELD IN A SLOPED WATERSHED (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 24 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Spatial distribution of soil and water properties and the correlations between them and crop yield were determined for a natural rainfall environment. Hydraulic conductivity, soil texture, water retention, and soil-water flux were variables used to investigate their relationship to crop yield using multiple regression techniques. Variations in crop yields on a watershed with a 3 to 4 percent slope and moderately erosive soils were related to soil-water characteristics and soil properties along slope and with depth. Climatic conditions to sustain crop growth and yield ranged from inadequate soil water in 1983 to adequate soil water in 1984. Crop yield was predicted with models using both available and measured soil-water content. Available water content provided a better model for the prediction of water yield and does not require field measurements of actual soil-water content. Soil water holding capacity was more significant for predicting crop yield in soils with moderate to high silt content than infiltrability of water into the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb02985.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of N source on pH and nutrient exchange of extramatrical mycelium in a mycorrhizal Ri T-DNA transformed root system (1996)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 6 (1996), S. 247-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Glomus intraradices ; Nitrogen source ; Extramatrical mycelium ; Mycorrhizal transformed roots ; pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The influence of different N sources on medium pH variation and the effect of the external mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on nutrient dynamics were studied using a two-compartment, aseptic Petri plate system. VA mycorrhizal, transformed roots of carrot (Daucus carota L.) were cultured in the proximal compartment and external mycorrhizal mycelium in the distal compartment. The medium in the distal compartament contained N either as NO3 – or as NH4 +. The pH and the anion and cation concentrations were measured every 15 days in filtrates prepared from the distal compartments. Thirteen weeks after colonization, there was a significant basification or a light acidification of the NO3 – and NH4 + medium, respectively. There was no change in NO3 – concentration but a significant decrease in NH4 + concentration. Treatments containing N as NO3 – showed no variation in cations such asCa2+ and Mg2+ or anions such as PO4 2–, and SO4 2– but showed significant increases in the concentration of K+. Treatments containing N as NH4 + showed no variation in cations or anions, except for increases in the concentrations of K+ and Cl–.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050132
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron scattering from a substitutional mass defect (1986)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 62 (1986), S. 413-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The dynamic structure factor is calculated for a low concentration of light mass scatterers substituted in a cubic crystal matrix. A new numerical method for the exact calculation is demonstrated. We derive a local density of states for the low momentum transfer limit, and derive the shifts and widths of the oscillator peaks in the high momentum transfer limit. We discuss the limitations of an approximation which decouples the defect from the lattice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01303572
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