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  • 1
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    Microbial reefs in the Black Sea fueled by anaerobic oxidation of methane (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: Massive microbial mats covering up to 4-meter-high carbonate buildups prosper at methane seeps in anoxic waters of the northwestern Black Sea shelf. Strong 13C depletions indicate an incorporation of methane carbon into carbonates, bulk biomass, and specific lipids. The mats mainly consist of densely aggregated archaea (phylogenetic ANME-1 cluster) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcus group). If incubated in vitro, these mats perform anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to sulfate reduction. Obviously, anaerobic microbial consortia can generate both carbonate precipitation and substantial biomass accumulation, which has implications for our understanding of carbon cycling during earlier periods of Earth's history.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michaelis, Walter -- Seifert, Richard -- Nauhaus, Katja -- Treude, Tina -- Thiel, Volker -- Blumenberg, Martin -- Knittel, Katrin -- Gieseke, Armin -- Peterknecht, Katharina -- Pape, Thomas -- Boetius, Antje -- Amann, Rudolf -- Jorgensen, Bo Barker -- Widdel, Friedrich -- Peckmann, Jorn -- Pimenov, Nikolai V -- Gulin, Maksim B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):1013-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biogeochemistry and Marine Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany. michaelis@geowiss.uni-hamburg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Archaea/growth & development/*metabolism ; Biomass ; Carbonates/metabolism ; Chemical Precipitation ; Deltaproteobacteria/growth & development/*metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments ; Lipid Metabolism ; Methane/*metabolism ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria/growth & development/metabolism ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Detoxification of sulphidic African shelf waters by blooming chemolithotrophs (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-17
    Description: Coastal waters support approximately 90 per cent of global fisheries and are therefore an important food reserve for our planet. Eutrophication of these waters, due to human activity, leads to severe oxygen depletion and the episodic occurrence of hydrogen sulphide-toxic to multi-cellular life-with disastrous consequences for coastal ecosytems. Here we show that an area of approximately 7,000 km(2) of African shelf, covered by sulphidic water, was detoxified by blooming bacteria that oxidized the biologically harmful sulphide to environmentally harmless colloidal sulphur and sulphate. Combined chemical analyses, stoichiometric modelling, isotopic incubations, comparative 16S ribosomal RNA, functional gene sequence analyses and fluorescence in situ hybridization indicate that the detoxification proceeded by chemolithotrophic oxidation of sulphide with nitrate and was mainly catalysed by two discrete populations of gamma- and epsilon-proteobacteria. Chemolithotrophic bacteria, accounting for approximately 20 per cent of the bacterioplankton in sulphidic waters, created a buffer zone between the toxic sulphidic subsurface waters and the oxic surface waters, where fish and other nekton live. This is the first time that large-scale detoxification of sulphidic waters by chemolithotrophs has been observed in an open-ocean system. The data suggest that sulphide can be completely consumed by bacteria in the subsurface waters and, thus, can be overlooked by remote sensing or monitoring of shallow coastal waters. Consequently, sulphidic bottom waters on continental shelves may be more common than previously believed, and could therefore have an important but as yet neglected effect on benthic communities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lavik, Gaute -- Stuhrmann, Torben -- Bruchert, Volker -- Van der Plas, Anja -- Mohrholz, Volker -- Lam, Phyllis -- Mussmann, Marc -- Fuchs, Bernhard M -- Amann, Rudolf -- Lass, Ulrich -- Kuypers, Marcel M M -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 29;457(7229):581-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07588. Epub 2008 Dec 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19078958" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodegradation, Environmental ; *Eutrophication ; Hydrogen Sulfide/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Namibia ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phylogeny ; Proteobacteria/genetics/*growth & development/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Sulfur/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Substrate-controlled succession of marine bacterioplankton populations induced by a phytoplankton bloom (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-05
    Description: Phytoplankton blooms characterize temperate ocean margin zones in spring. We investigated the bacterioplankton response to a diatom bloom in the North Sea and observed a dynamic succession of populations at genus-level resolution. Taxonomically distinct expressions of carbohydrate-active enzymes (transporters; in particular, TonB-dependent transporters) and phosphate acquisition strategies were found, indicating that distinct populations of Bacteroidetes, Gammaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria are specialized for successive decomposition of algal-derived organic matter. Our results suggest that algal substrate availability provided a series of ecological niches in which specialized populations could bloom. This reveals how planktonic species, despite their seemingly homogeneous habitat, can evade extinction by direct competition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teeling, Hanno -- Fuchs, Bernhard M -- Becher, Dorte -- Klockow, Christine -- Gardebrecht, Antje -- Bennke, Christin M -- Kassabgy, Mariette -- Huang, Sixing -- Mann, Alexander J -- Waldmann, Jost -- Weber, Marc -- Klindworth, Anna -- Otto, Andreas -- Lange, Jana -- Bernhardt, Jorg -- Reinsch, Christine -- Hecker, Michael -- Peplies, Jorg -- Bockelmann, Frank D -- Callies, Ulrich -- Gerdts, Gunnar -- Wichels, Antje -- Wiltshire, Karen H -- Glockner, Frank Oliver -- Schweder, Thomas -- Amann, Rudolf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 4;336(6081):608-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1218344.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22556258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alphaproteobacteria/enzymology/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Bacteroidetes/enzymology/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Diatoms/*growth & development/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; *Eutrophication ; Gammaproteobacteria/enzymology/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Glycoside Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Metagenome ; Microbial Interactions ; North Sea ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development/metabolism ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Sulfatases/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Hydrogen is an energy source for hydrothermal vent symbioses (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: The discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents in 1977 revolutionized our understanding of the energy sources that fuel primary productivity on Earth. Hydrothermal vent ecosystems are dominated by animals that live in symbiosis with chemosynthetic bacteria. So far, only two energy sources have been shown to power chemosynthetic symbioses: reduced sulphur compounds and methane. Using metagenome sequencing, single-gene fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, shipboard incubations and in situ mass spectrometry, we show here that the symbionts of the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge use hydrogen to power primary production. In addition, we show that the symbionts of Bathymodiolus mussels from Pacific vents have hupL, the key gene for hydrogen oxidation. Furthermore, the symbionts of other vent animals such as the tubeworm Riftia pachyptila and the shrimp Rimicaris exoculata also have hupL. We propose that the ability to use hydrogen as an energy source is widespread in hydrothermal vent symbioses, particularly at sites where hydrogen is abundant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petersen, Jillian M -- Zielinski, Frank U -- Pape, Thomas -- Seifert, Richard -- Moraru, Cristina -- Amann, Rudolf -- Hourdez, Stephane -- Girguis, Peter R -- Wankel, Scott D -- Barbe, Valerie -- Pelletier, Eric -- Fink, Dennis -- Borowski, Christian -- Bach, Wolfgang -- Dubilier, Nicole -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 10;476(7359):176-80. doi: 10.1038/nature10325.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21833083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Bivalvia/drug effects/metabolism/*microbiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; *Ecosystem ; *Energy Metabolism ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Gills/drug effects/metabolism/microbiology ; Hot Springs/*chemistry/microbiology ; Hydrogen/analysis/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Hydrogenase/genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Partial Pressure ; Seawater/chemistry/microbiology ; Sulfides/metabolism ; Sulfur/metabolism ; Symbiosis/drug effects/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Revealing structure and assembly cues for Arabidopsis root-inhabiting bacterial microbiota (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-04
    Description: The plant root defines the interface between a multicellular eukaryote and soil, one of the richest microbial ecosystems on Earth. Notably, soil bacteria are able to multiply inside roots as benign endophytes and modulate plant growth and development, with implications ranging from enhanced crop productivity to phytoremediation. Endophytic colonization represents an apparent paradox of plant innate immunity because plant cells can detect an array of microbe-associated molecular patterns (also known as MAMPs) to initiate immune responses to terminate microbial multiplication. Several studies attempted to describe the structure of bacterial root endophytes; however, different sampling protocols and low-resolution profiling methods make it difficult to infer general principles. Here we describe methodology to characterize and compare soil- and root-inhabiting bacterial communities, which reveals not only a function for metabolically active plant cells but also for inert cell-wall features in the selection of soil bacteria for host colonization. We show that the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, grown in different natural soils under controlled environmental conditions, are preferentially colonized by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and each bacterial phylum is represented by a dominating class or family. Soil type defines the composition of root-inhabiting bacterial communities and host genotype determines their ribotype profiles to a limited extent. The identification of soil-type-specific members within the root-inhabiting assemblies supports our conclusion that these represent soil-derived root endophytes. Surprisingly, plant cell-wall features of other tested plant species seem to provide a sufficient cue for the assembly of approximately 40% of the Arabidopsis bacterial root-inhabiting microbiota, with a bias for Betaproteobacteria. Thus, this root sub-community may not be Arabidopsis-specific but saprophytic bacteria that would naturally be found on any plant root or plant debris in the tested soils. By contrast, colonization of Arabidopsis roots by members of the Actinobacteria depends on other cues from metabolically active host cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bulgarelli, Davide -- Rott, Matthias -- Schlaeppi, Klaus -- Ver Loren van Themaat, Emiel -- Ahmadinejad, Nahal -- Assenza, Federica -- Rauf, Philipp -- Huettel, Bruno -- Reinhardt, Richard -- Schmelzer, Elmon -- Peplies, Joerg -- Gloeckner, Frank Oliver -- Amann, Rudolf -- Eickhorst, Thilo -- Schulze-Lefert, Paul -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 2;488(7409):91-5. doi: 10.1038/nature11336.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22859207" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actinobacteria/isolation & purification ; Arabidopsis/classification/*microbiology ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification/ultrastructure ; Bacteroidetes/isolation & purification ; Biodiversity ; Cell Wall/metabolism/microbiology ; Ecosystem ; Endophytes/classification/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification ; Host Specificity ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; *Metagenome ; Plant Cells/microbiology ; Plant Roots/*microbiology ; Proteobacteria/isolation & purification ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Rhizosphere ; Ribotyping ; Soil/analysis/chemistry ; Soil Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    A soviet view (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-11-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amann, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 24;202(4370):876-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17752454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    A view of the soviet scene (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amann, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 26;206(4417):439.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17809364" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of Peptidergic Sensory Neurons in Gastric Mucosal Blood Flow and Protection (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 632 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The present findings have revealed a new aspect of how mechanisms of gastric mucosal resistance to injury are called into effect and are coordinated by the nervous system. Capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons in the stomach play a physiological role in monitoring acid influx into the superficial mucosa. Once activated, they strengthen gastric mucosal defense against deep injury, with a key process in this respect being an increase in blood flow through the gastric mucosa. This concept opens up completely new perspectives in the physiology and pathophysiology of the gastric mucosa if we consider that the long-term integrity of the gastric mucosa may be under the subtle control of acid-sensitive sensory neurons and that, vice versa, improper functioning of these neural control mechanisms may predispose to gastric ulcer disease.The present observations also indicate that some of the peptides contained in gastric sensory nerve endings might fulfill a transmitter or mediator role in controlling gastric mucosal blood flow and integrity. Whereas substance P and neurokinin A are unlikely to play a role in the regulation of gastric mucosal blood flow, there is severalfold evidence that CGRP is very important in this respect. This peptide, which in the rat gastric mucosa originates exclusively from spinal sensory neurons,2,4,27 is released upon stimulation of sensory nerve endings and is extremely potent in facilitating gastric mucosal blood flow and in protecting the mucosa from injurious factors. Selective ablation of spinal sensory neurons containing CGRP weakens the resistance of the gastric mucosa against acid injury, which is most likely due to inhibition of protective vasodilator reflexes. We now aim at providing direct pharmacological evidence that antagonism of endogenously released CGRP results in similar pathophysiological consequences as ablation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb33115.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and in situ detection of individual bacterial cells (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 100 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microbial ecology has long been hampered by the fact that most microorganisms cannot be identified in situ because of the lack of morphological diversity. The immunofluorescence approach has yielded important insights into the spatial distribution of microorganisms but has its severe limitations. The recently introduced fluorescently labelled, ribosomal RNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes have successfully been applied for the detection and identification in situ of individual microbial cells and evade some of the principal problems of the fluorescent antibodies. The design and synthesis of these phylogenetically nested probes does not require cultivation and isolation of the target organism and can therefore be used to monitor the population distribution and dynamics of hitherto uncultured microorganisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb14017.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gensonden und ihre Anwendung in der Mikrobiologie (1992)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01227130
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