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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite Element Analysis of the Dominant Mode Variation in Groove Guide (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 21 (2000), S. 63-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: groove guide ; dominant mode ; finite element method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the dominant mode in groove guide is analyzed by finite element method. For the guide with a shallow groove, the electric field lines (abbreviated as E lines) are perpendicular to the parallel plate, which is different from the literatures, and the dominant mode distribution is irrelevant to the groove width; for the guide with a narrow but deeper groove, the E lines are parallel to the plate region, which represents the characteristics of lower attenuation, for the guide with a deeper and wider groove, a complicated E lines are obtained. These results reveal that the dominant mode distribution in groove guide is varied, which replenish our understanding of groove guide, and the results have important values in design, manufacture, and application of groove guide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006642904457
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Analysis of Green Spaces by Utilizing Big Data to Support Smart Cities and Environment: A Case Study About the City Center of Shanghai (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-01
    Description: Green areas or parks are the best way to encourage people to take part in physical exercise. Traditional techniques of researching the attractiveness of green parks, such as surveys and questionnaires, are naturally time consuming and expensive, with less transferable outcomes and only site-specific findings. This research provides a factfinding study by means of location-based social network (LBSN) data to gather spatial and temporal patterns of green park visits in the city center of Shanghai, China. During the period from July 2014 to June 2017, we examined the spatiotemporal behavior of visitors in 71 green parks in Shanghai. We conducted an empirical investigation through kernel density estimation (KDE) and relative difference methods on the effects of green spaces on public behavior in Shanghai, and our main categories of findings are as follows: (i) check-in distribution of visitors in different green spaces, (ii) users’ transition based on the hours of a day, (iii) famous parks in the study area based upon the number of check-ins, and (iv) gender difference among green park visitors. Furthermore, the purpose of obtaining these outcomes can be utilized in urban planning of a smart city for green environment according to the preferences of visitors.
    Electronic ISSN: 2220-9964
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Categorization of Green Spaces for a Sustainable Environment and Smart City Architecture by Utilizing Big Data (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-22
    Description: Urban green spaces promote outdoor activities and social interaction, which make a significant contribution to the health and well-being of residents. This study presents an approach that focuses on the real spatial and temporal behavior of park visitors in different categories of green parks. We used the large dataset available from the Chinese micro-blog Sina Weibo (often simply referred to as “Weibo”) to analyze data samples, in order to describe the behavioral patterns of millions of people with access to green spaces. We select Shanghai as a case study because urban residential segregation has already taken place, which was expected to be followed by concerns of environmental sustainability. In this research, we utilized social media check-in data to measure and compare the number of visitations to different kinds of green parks. Furthermore, we divided the green spaces into different categories according to their characteristics, and our main findings were: (1) the most popular category based upon the check-in data; (2) changes in the number of visitors according to the time of day; (3) seasonal impacts on behavior in public in relation to the different categories of parks; and (4) gender-based differences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study carried out in Shanghai utilizing Weibo data to focus upon the categorization of green space. It is also the first to offer recommendations for planners regarding the type of facilities they should provide to residents in green spaces, and regarding the sustainability of urban environments and smart city architecture.
    Electronic ISSN: 2079-9292
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 4
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    Two-Stage 3D Codebook Design and Fast Beam Search Algorithm for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-09
    Description: For 3D beam access in massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems, this paper proposes a feasible two-stage 3D codebook design and corresponding fast beam training algorithm. The complete codebook consists of a primary codebook and an auxiliary codebook—the primary codebook produces a basic directional beam using a smaller number of phase shifts to maintain lower hardware complexity. The small auxiliary codebook creates finer beams centered on each main beam. In addition, a beam search scheme for two-level codebook design is proposed. The main beam search is performed using a modified binary search algorithm based on the signal-to-noise ratio threshold; with the refined auxiliary codebook, the auxiliary beam search is completed using a basic binary search. The simulation results verify the performance advantages of our proposed codebook in terms of beamforming gain and beam access accuracy in MIMO systems. In addition, the comparison of beam training complexity shows that our specially designed two-stage beam search scheme has significant advantages over other existing solutions.
    Electronic ISSN: 2079-9292
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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