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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrolytic enzyme activity in landfilled refuse (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 38 (1993), S. 828-832 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activity was assayed in 28 refuse samples excavated from 14 bore holes in Fresh Kills Landfill, Staten Island, N. Y. Esterases, proteases and amylases were present in all of the samples. Enzyme screening assays utilizing the API-ZYM test system showed the incidence of enzymes in the order: specific phosphatases 〉 esterases 〉 glycosyl hydrolases. Measurement of cellulase by the cellulose-azure test detected activity in two out of 28 samples. Analysis for cellulase activity using the cellulose-azure test on refuse samples from landfills in Naples, Florida, and Tucson, Arizona, also showed a limited distribution of cellulases. Mineralization of [14C]cellulose, an independent measure of cellulase activity, ranged from 〈 5 to 23% in a 4-week incubation, which supports a highly variable cellulolytic activity in landfilled refuse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167153
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sea ice microbial communities (SIMCO) (1983)
    Springer
    Polar biology 2 (1983), S. 171-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Algal standing crops for the 1980 McMurdo Sound sea ice microbial communities (SIMCO) averaged 131 (±121) mg chl a·m-2 despite strong attenuation of downwelling irradiance by snow and ice cover. Using a C:chl a ratio of 31, annual sea ice production was estimated at 4.1 gC·m-2. SIMCO standing crops in the West Sound, previously considered a biologically depauperate region due to persistent ice cover and local current regimes, were greater than or equal to those of the East Sound when areas of similar ice thickness were compared. Biomass was located almost entirely in the bottom 20 cm of annual ice including over 99% of the chlorophyll a and ATP, and 93% of the particulate organic carbon. During the ice algal bloom, concentrations of chlorophyll a in the bottom 20 cm of ice averaged 656 mg ·m-3, 2000 times greater than under ice phytoplankton at 1 m depths. Phaeopigment: chlorophyll a ratios (P:C) were significantly higher in the upper ice column than in the bottom 20 cm. An hypothesis is presented that the ice contains a frozen record of P:C ratios in the surface seawater during ice formation. Photosynthetic rate of ice microalgae measured in the laboratory under simulated in situ conditions (-1.9°C; 0.3 to 13 μE·m-2·s-1) ranged from 0.6 to 7.5 mg C fixed·mg chl a -1·da-1. It was concluded that the bottom type SIMCO contributes a considerable amount of new carbon to McMurdo Sound during the austral spring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00448967
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of four environmental variables on photosynthesis-irradiance relationships in Antarctic sea-ice microalgae (1987)
    Springer
    Marine biology 94 (1987), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of temperature, salinity, growth irradiance and diel periodicity of incident irradiance on photosynthesis-irradiance (P-I) relationships were examined in natural populations of sea-ice microalgae from McMurdo Sound in the austral spring of late 1984. Both P m b (photosynthetic rate at optimum irradiance) and α b (initial slope or P-I curve) were temperature-dependent reaching optimal rates at approximately +6° and +2°C, respectively. P-I relationships showed little difference at 20 and 33‰ S; however, no measurable photosynthesis by sea-ice microalgae was detected in a 60‰ S solution of brine collected from the upper layers of congelation ice. Although diel periodicity characteristic of the under-ice light field appeared to have little effect on P-I relationships, changes in growth irradiance had a profound effect. An increase in growth irradiance from 7 μE m-2 s-1 (ambient) to 35 or 160 μE m-2 s-1 resulted in a transient three-fold increase in P m b and I k (index of photoadaptation) during the first four days, followed by a sharp decline. The effects of these environmental factors on ice algal photosynthesis may influence the distribution of microalgae in sea-ice environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392944
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  • 4
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    Hydrolytic enzyme activity in landfilled refuse (1993)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0175-7598
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0614
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
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    Sea ice microbial communities (SIMCO) (1983)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0722-4060
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-2056
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 6
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    Effects of four environmental variables on photosynthesis-irradiance relationships in Antarctic sea-ice microalgae (1987)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0025-3162
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1793
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 7
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    Analysis of lipophilic pigments from a phototrophic microbial mat community by high performance liquid chromatography (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: As assay for lipophilic pigments in phototrophic microbial mat communities using reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography was developed which allows the separation of 15 carotenoids and chloropigments in a single 30 min program. Lipophilic pigments in a laminated mat from a commercial salina near Laguna Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico reflected their source organisms. Myxoxanthophyll, echinenone, canthaxanthin, and zeaxanthin were derived from cyanobacteria; chlorophyll c, and fucoxanthin from diatoms; chlorophyll a from cyanobacteria and diatoms; bacteriochlorophylls a and c, bacteriophaeophytin a, and gamma-carotene from Chloroflexus spp.; and beta-carotene from a variety of phototrophs. Sensitivity of detection was 0.6-6.1 ng for carotenoids and 1.7-12 ng for most chloropigments. This assay represents a significant improvement over previous analyses of lipophilic pigments in microbial mats and promises to have a wider application to other types of phototrophic communities.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Journal of microbiological methods (ISSN 0167-7012); Volume 8; 209-17
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Lipophilic pigments from cyanobacterial (blue-green algal) and diatom mats in Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Western Australia (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Lipophilic pigments were examined in microbial mat communities dominated by cyanobacteria in the intertidal zone and by diatoms in the subtidal and sublittoral zones of Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Western Australia. These microbial mats have evolutionary significance because of their similarity to lithfied stromatolites from the Proterozoic and Early Paleozoic eras. Fucoxanthin, diatoxanthin, diadinoxanthin, beta-carotene, and chlorophylls a and c characterized the diatom mats, whereas cyanobacterial mats contained myxoxanthophyll, zeaxanthin, echinenone, beta-carotene, chlorophyll a and, in some cases, sheath pigment. The presence of bacteriochlorophyll a within the mats suggest a close association of photosynthetic bacteria with diatoms and cyanobacteria. The high carotenoids : chlorophyll a ratios (0.84-2.44 wt/wt) in the diatom mats suggest that carotenoids served a photoprotective function in this high light environment. By contrast, cyanobacterial sheath pigment may have largely supplanted the photoprotective role of carotenoids in the intertidal mats.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Journal of phycology (ISSN 0022-3646); Volume 25; 655-61
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Lipophilic pigments from the benthos of a perennially ice-covered Antarctic lake (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The benthos of a perennially ice-covered Antarctic lake, Lake Hoare, contained three distinct 'signatures' of lipophilic pigments. Cyanobacterial mats found in the moat at the periphery of the lake were dominated by the carotenoid myxoxanthophyll; carotenoids: chlorophyll a ratios in this high light environment ranged from 3 to 6.8. Chlorophyll c and fucoxanthin, pigments typical of golden-brown algae, were found at 10 to 20 m depths where the benthos is aerobic. Anaerobic benthic sediments at 20 to 30 m depths were characterized by a third pigment signature dominated by a carotenoid, tentatively identified as alloxanthin from planktonic cryptomonads, and by phaeophytin b from senescent green algae. Pigments were not found associated with alternating organic and sediment layers. As microzooplankton grazers are absent from this closed system and transformation rates are reduced at low temperatures, the benthos beneath the lake ice appears to contain a record of past phytoplankton blooms undergoing decay.
    Keywords: Exobiology
    Type: Hydrobiologia (ISSN 0018-8158); 178; 73-80
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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