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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stomatal responses to light and humidity in sugarcane: prediction of daily time courses and identification of potential selection criteria (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 10 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Stomatal sensitivities to light and VPD have potential as quantitative selection criteria in programs designed to enhance water-use efficiency of sugarcane and other crops. These responses were characterized using gas exchange techniques and then simulated by a mathematical relationship describing conductance as a function of photon fluence rates and VPD values. The same form of relationship simulated stomatal responses of well-watered greenhouse- and field-grown plants. A comparison between simulated and measured conductance values showed a close correlation, indicating that light and VPD responses of stomata are dominant input signals modulating stomatal conductance in sugarcane. Observed conductance of Hawaiian sugarcane in a commerical production area appeared larger than required to support prevailing rates of carbon assimilation, since predicted intercellular CO2 was greater than required to saturate its C4 photosynthesis. Manipulation of the relationship describing stomatal conductance allowed us to simulate the responses of plants with hypothetically altered stomatal sensitivities to VPD or to light, using micrometeorological data collected in the field. Further simulation indicated that selection for clones with altered stomatal sensitivity to either light or VPD could improve the water-use efficiency of sugarcane without inhibiting current high levels of productivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11602231
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fire regimes of World Heritage Kakadu National Park., Australia (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Austral ecology 25 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-9993
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract LANDSAT Multi-Spectral Scanner imagery was used to determine aspects of the fire regimes of Kakadu National Park (in the wet-dry tropics of Australia) for the period 1980–1995. Three landscape types recognized in this Park were Plateau, Lowlands and Floodplain. Areas burned in early and late dry seasons each year were documented using a Geographical Information System. Regression analyses were used to examine time trends in the areas burned each year and the interrelationships between early and late dry season burning. The proportions of landscapes having different stand ages (years since fire), and the proportions having had different fire intervals, were compared with results expected from the simplest random model (i.e. one in which the probability of ignition at a point [PIP] burning annually was constant). Using overlays of successive stand-age maps, PIP could be calculated as a function of stand age. The Lowlands burned extensively each year; the areas burned by late dry season fires adding to those burned in the early dry season such that around 50–60% of the total area burned annually. Early dry season fires have lower intensities than late dry season fires, on average. Using a theoretically constant PIP and the mean proportion burned per year as the only input, predictions of areas burned as a function of stand age and fire interval were reasonable when compared with the empirical data, but best for the Lowlands landscape. PIP functions for Lowlands and Floodplains had negative slopes, an unexpected result. The nature of these PIP functions may reflect heterogeneity in fire proneness of the various vegetation types within landscapes. The scale of measurement, the scale of variation in vegetation types within a landscape, and the accuracy of the determination of burned areas, are constraints on the accuracy of fire-interval and seasonally determination perceived from an analysis of satellite data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2000.tb00067.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elimination of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus from infected sugarcane plants by meristem tip culture visualized by tissue blot immunoassay (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 50 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV), a member of the Luteoviridae, is implicated in the sugarcane disease known as yellow leaf syndrome (YLS), which is characterized by yellowing of the leaf midrib followed by leaf necrosis and possible growth suppression. YLS is distributed worldwide and susceptible cultivars are commonly infected with SCYLV. However, not all cultivars infected with SCYLV show symptoms of YLS and some cultivars that show symptoms do so sporadically. Since it is difficult to obtain virus-free plants of susceptible cultivars, it has not been possible to study the factors involved in SCYLV infection nor the effects of infection on plant growth and yield. A tissue blot immunoassay was used to visualize in vivo presence of the virus so that virus-infected and virus-free plants could be distinguished. Meristem tip cultures were used to produce virus-free plantings of six SCYLV-susceptible sugarcane cultivars. Nearly all of the regenerated sugarcane lines remained virus-free over a period of up to 4 years, whether grown in isolated fields or in the glasshouse. Experimental re-infection of the virus-free plants by viruliferous aphids demonstrated that meristem tip culture did not affect susceptibility of sugarcane to SCYLV. Improved diagnosis and production of virus-free plants of SCYLV-susceptible cultivars will facilitate research to quantify the effect of the virus on yield and to analyse the processes involved in disease development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00639.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of gibberellins from sugarcane plants (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 2 (1983), S. 59-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Five GAs, GA1, GA3, GA19, GA20, and GA29, were identified in extracts from mature leaf and shoot apical meristem of flowering and non-flowering sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) by combined GC/MS. The presence of ABA was also confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02042234
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The detection and estimation of linkage in polyploids using single-dose restriction fragments (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 83 (1992), S. 294-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: RFLP ; Single-dose restriction fragment ; Polyploids ; Genetic mapping ; Preferential chromosome pairing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) linkage maps have been constructed in several major diploid crops. However, construction of RFLP maps directly in polyploids has lagged behind for several reasons: (1) there are a large number of possible genotypes for each DNA probe expected in a segregating population, and these genotypes cannot always be identified readily by their banding phenotypes; and (2) the genome constitutions (allopolyploidy versus autopolyploidy) in many high polyploids are not clearly understood. We present here an analysis of these problems and propose a general method for mapping polyploids based on segregation of single-dose restriction fragments (SDRFS). SDRFs segregate 1:1 (presence: absence) in gametes of heterozygous plants. Hypothetical allopolyploid and autopolyploid species with four ploidy levels of 2n = 4x, 6x, 8x, and 10x, are used to illustrate the procedures for identifying SDRFs, detecting linkages among SDRFs, and distinguishing allopolyploid versus autopolyploids from polyploids of unknown genome constitution. Family size required, probability of linkage, and attributes of different mapping populations are discussed. We estimate that a population size of 75 is required to identify SDRFs with 98% level of confidence for the four ploidy levels. This population size is also adequate for detecting and estimating linkages in the coupling phase for both allopolyploids and autopolyploids, but linkages in the repulsion phase can be estimated only in allopolyploids. For autopolyploids, it is impractical to estimate meaningful linkages in repulsion because very large family sizes (〉750) are required. For high-level polyploids of unknown genome constitution, the ratio between the number of detected repulsion versus coupling linkages may provide a crude measurement of preferential chromosome pairing, which can be used to distinguish allopolyploidy from autopolyploidy. To create a mapping population, one parent (P1) should have high heterozygosity to ensure a high frequency of SDRFs, and the second parent (P2) should have a low level of heterozygosity to increase the probability of detecting polymorphic fragments. This condition could be satisfied by choosing outcrossed hybrids as one parental type and inbreds, haploids, or doubled haploids as the other parental type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224274
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gibberellins in apical shoot meristems of flowering and vegetative sugarcane (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 5 (1986), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Gibberellins A1, A3, iso-A3, A4, A19, A20, and A36 were identified by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring in apices of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids). Flowering apices (i.e., 2–4 cm panicle) contained 8–9 times more (estimated by bioassay) endogenous gibberellins A⅓ and iso-GA3 (ratio of 1:6:8, respectively; in total 51 ng g−1 fresh weight) than vegetative apices (6.4 ng g−1 fresh weight). Vegetative apices contained small but significant levels of GA19, which could not be detected in flowering apices; vegetative apices also contained approximately four times more of a GA36-like substance than flowering apices. Since the two apex types developed under the same photoperiod, the increased levels of GA⅓ and iso-GA3 and the reduced levels of GA19 and GA36-like substances are correlated with the flowering state rather than with photoperiod or photoperiod changes per se. Since there were relatively high levels of C19 GAs along with low levels of C20 GAs in flowering apices, and since the converse is true in vegetative apices, metabolism of C20 to C19 GAs may be enhanced in flowering apices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02025961
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevention of flowering and increasing sugar yield of sugarcane by application of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 8 (1989), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The inhibition of flowering in sugarcane by ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) applied to experimental plots is well-documented; however, verification of its efficacy in large field trials is lacking. Large-scale field trials were established at Mauna Kea Agribusiness Company, Inc., a sugar and macadamia nut plantation located on the island of Hawaii, to determine whether flower inhibition attributed to ethephon would increase sugar yield. Summarization of results from 35 paired block experiments showed an 87% reduction in tasseling in the ethephon-treated blocks. The yield of sugarcane was increased by 7.5%, and the yield of sugar by 10%. The correlation (r 2) between the decrease in flowering and increase in cane and sugar yield was only 0.02 and 0.08%, respectively, indicating that the yield increase attributed to ethephon was not adequately explained by its effect on flowering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02308089
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The induction of callus in sugareane tissue cultures by selected chemicals (1983)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 2 (1983), S. 141-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: auxin ; differentiation ; Saccharum ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Immature leaf tissue of two commercial clones of sugarcane was subjected to tissue culture in Louisiana and Hawaii. The callus-incuding activity of selected compounds at 2, 4, and 20 mg/l was compared to the activity of 2,4-D at the same concentrations and to tissue on medium without a callus-inducing agent. Of the 79 compounds tested, 25 induced callus and 54 were ineffective. Ninety-six percent of the effective compounds were in chemical groups with known auxin activity. The results suggested that simple ring structure, phenol derivatives, or a halogenated hydrocarbon chain are not sufficient to induce callus. When callus was transferred to a medium lacking the inductive chemical, differentiation into shoots, roots, or both occurred in callus produced by 80% of the effective compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043359
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  • 9
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    Rapid divergence and expansion of the X chromosome in papaya (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-06
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Stress-induced elevations of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor-active steroids in the rat brain. (1991)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-15
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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