ALBERT

Notes: Sphaerospores were found in the kidneys of alevin channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) from a farm in Central California. MulticelluUr developmental stages, similar to C-blood protozoans described for Sphaerospora spp. from cyprinid fishes, were observed in circulating blood and numerous tissues. Upon a 2nd examination of the same population offish 10 days later, sporogonic stages were seen developing into mature Sphaerospores in the lumina of the kidney tubules. Sporogeoesis was asynchronous with simple unicellular stages adjacent to more complex forms with developing polar capsules and valves. Only one elliptical spore (5.6 μm in width, 6.5 μm in thickness by 5.8 μm in length) developed within the surrounding pscudoplasmodium. Thin valves surrounded two sporoplasm cells and two subspherical polar capsules (1.7 × 1.9 μm) which contained a polar filament with four to five turns. The blood stages of the Sphaerospora sp. described here are similar to the trophozoites seen in channel catfish with proliferativc gill disease (PGD). Early stages of PGD also observed in the same population of channel catfish containing developmental and sporogonic stages of this newly recognized Sphaerospora sp. may suggest a causal relationship between this new myxosporean and the gill disease.

Notes: The five herpesviruses isolated from salmonid fishes were compared for their serological relatedness by serum cross-neutralization studies with polyclonal rabbit serum. The five viruses fell into two major groups. The three viruses from fishes in Japan, Oncorbyncbus mason virus (OMV), yamame tumor virus (YTV) and nerka virus (NeVTA) were closely related. They however, differed considerably from two viruses from salmonid fishes in North America, Herpesvirus salmonis (HPV) and the steelhead herpesvirus (SHV). The latter two viruses were also closely related. This study indicated that the viruses in the two countries are serologically distinct and are not a result of transfers of infected fish or eggs between continents.

Notes: A previously unknown virus was isolated from juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared in fresh water. The virus induced syncytia in CHSE-214 cells at 10–20°C. Optimum replication occurred at 15°C. Virions, purified from infected CHSE-214 cells, were hexagonal to round with a mean diameter of 39.5 run (n = 20 SD = 0.32 nm). Virions did not possess an envelope as shown by resistance to chloroform treatments. Replication was not appreciaby inhibited by 50 pg/d 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine indicating that the virus has a RNA genome. Waterborne exposures and intraperitoneal injections of the virus into juvenile Atlantic salmon did not cause mortality nor was virus detectable at 33 and 76 d post-exposure. Similar results were obtained when rainbow trout (Oncorhyncbhus mykiss) were exposed to waterborne virus.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉ZusamrnenfassungEin kleiner RNA-Virus, vom Atlantischen Lachs (Salmo salar) isoliertEin bisher unbekannter Virus wurde von Jungtieren des Atlantischen Lachses (Salmo salar) isoliert, die im Süßwasser aufgezogen wurden. Der Virus induzierte Synzytem in den CHSE-214-Zellen bei 10–20°C. Oprimale Vermehrung trat bei 15°C auf. Virionen, die gereinigt aus infizienen CHSE-214-Zellen isoliert wurden, waren hexagonal bis rund, mit einem Durchmesser von 39,5 nm (n=20; SD=0,32 μm). Die Virionen besaßen keine Hülle, wie durch die Resistenz gegenüber Chloroform nachgewiesen wurde. Die Vermehrung wurde durch 50 μg/ml 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine nicht nennenswert beeinträchtigt, was darauf schließen läßt, daß der Virus ein RNA-Genom besitzt. Exposition von Junglachsen gegenüber virushaltigem Wasser und intra-peritonale Injektion des Virus hat keinerlei Sterblichkeit verursacht. Auch konnte der Virus in den Fischen 33 und 76 Tage nach der Behandlung nicht nachgewiesen werden. ähnliche Ergebnisse wurden mit Regenbogenforellen (Oncorhynchus mykiss erzielt, die virushdtigem Wasser ausgeserzt waren.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉RésuméUn petit virus RNA isolé sur le saumon atlantique (Salmo salar)Un virus auparavant inconnu a été isolé sur le saumon juvénile (Salmo salar) élevé en eau douce. Le virus provoquait des syncytíums dans les cellules CHSE-214 sà 10–20°C. Une réplication optimum avait lieu sà 15°C. Les virions, purifiés des cellules CHSE-214 infectées, étaient de forme hexaonale sà ronde avec un diamètre moyen de 39,5 nm (n=20 SD4,32 nm). Les virions ne possédaient pas d' enveloppe comme la résistance aux traitemenu chloroformes l' a montré. La réplication n' a pas été inhibée de faqçon appréciable avec 50 μg/ml 5-bromo-2'-déoxyuridine, ce qui montre que le virus a un génome RNA. Des expositions sà l' eau infectée et des injections intrapéritonéales du virus chez le saumon atlantique juvénile ne causaient pas de mortaité et le virus n' était pas détectable aprés un délai de 33 et 76 jours apés l'exposition. Des résultats semblables ont été obtenus lorsque la truite (Oncorhynchus mykiss) a été exposée sà un virus transporté par l' eau.

Notes: The binding of adenosine-14C to polyuridylic acid (poly(U)) and several modified poly(U)s has been studied by equilibrium dialysis. The poly(U) was modified by addition of appropriate reagents across the 5,6-double bond of the uracil ring to form the photohydrate, photodimer, dihydrouracil, the HOBr addition product and the HSO3- addition product. Modification of the uracil rings decreases the amount of adenosine which can be bound to the poly(U); the decrease in binding is a function of the fraction of uracil rings which have been changed. Using the expression S = S0(1 - αr)2 to relate the fraction of uracil rings modified (r) to the number of binding “sites” remaining (S), it is found that α is about 1 for all the modifications except photodimer where it is about 2. These observations are taken to mean that the loss of binding capacity of the poly(U) resulting from modifications of the uracil ring is caused by loss of planarity of the uracil rings caused by the modifications, and consequent loss of double helix structure, but that for all modifications except photodimer there is no disruption of the poly(U) double helix on either side of the leison. There does appear to be local melting on either side of the photodimer lesion. The sigmoidal binding isotherms (Ab versus Ca) of modified and unmodified poly(U) can be approximated closely by the following equation: (1)\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \theta = \frac{{A_{\rm b} }}{S} = \frac{{(K_1 C_{\rm a} )^n \left[ {\frac{n}{{1 - K_1 C_{\rm a} }}} \right] + \frac{{K_1 C_{\rm a} }}{{(1 - K_1 C_{\rm a} )^2 }}}}{{1 + (K_1 C_{\rm a} )^n \left[ {\frac{n}{{1 - K_1 C_{\rm a} }}} \right] + \frac{{K_1 C_{\rm a} }}{{(1 - K_1 C_{\rm a} )^2 }}}} $$\end{document} (1) where Ab = bound A, Ca = free A, n = minimum number of adjacent A′s in complex, S = concentration of sites on poly(U), and K1 = (Km)1/m for all m ≥ n.The stacking energy of adenosine (w) can be calculated accurately using the following equation, where dθ/d ln Ca is obtained from Eq. (1). (2)\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {{d\theta } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{d\theta } d}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} d}\begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm }\ln {\rm }C_{\rm a} {\rm } = {\rm }{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {re^{ - {w \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {w {2RT}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {2RT}}} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {re^{ - {w \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {w {2RT}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {2RT}}} }}12RT} & {at{\rm }\theta {\rm } = {\rm }0.5} \\\end{array} $$\end{document} (2) For unmodified poly(U), w is -2.0 kcal/mole and ΔG° (-;RT ln K1) is -3.2 kcal/mole. The difference (-1.2 kcal/mole) is attributed to hydrogen bonding. Heavily photohydrated poly(U) does not bind guanosine or guanosine-5′-phosphate.

Notes: New, bifunctional, bridgehead-substituted triptycenes were synthesized and used to prepare a series of triptycene polymers, including polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, and a polyoxadiazole. Certain of these partially aliphatic polymers were thermally stable. Clear and colorless films were obtained in some instances.