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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Australian studies on fire hazard tests for internal linings of buildings (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 3 (1979), S. 202-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Australian Standard ‘Test for Early Fire Hazard Properties of Materials’ (AS 1530 Part 3, 1976) has been studied in detail as a method of assessing the fire performance of plastics wall linings under the conditions of early fire development in a room. A particular feature of the standard test is that four parameters characterizing the reaction to fire are measured concurrently. Results from the standard test have been compared to corner-wall burns involving the same parameters as in the standard test. The suitability of these parameters and the ability of the standard test to rank the behaviour of the materials in the same order as indicated by corner-wall burns is discussed. A general relationship between ignition time and flame spread was observed and is discussed as support for the concept of concurrent measurement of different reaction-to-fire parameters under the one test procedure and condition.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810030405
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The early fire behaviour of combustible wall lining materials (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 4 (1980), S. 165-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The development of the Australian Standard AS 1530 Part 3 ‘Test for Early Fire Hazard Properties of Materials’ from the study of the fire behavior of cellulosic wall linings in simulated room fires has been outlined. Similar studies for assessing a wider range of wall linings are now reported including various plastic facings applied to hardboard. Using similar parameters for ignitability, spread of flame, heat evolved and smoke developed, the behaviors of the linings in the standard test have been compared to the behavior in corner-wall burns. Two methods of ignition were used for the burns; (a) timber cribs; and (b) impressed radiant heat with a pilot flame. The results are discussed in terms of the validity of the standard test as a multi-parameter assessment of materials in a fire hazard situation. The test has been validated for the wider range of wall lining materials.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810040402
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the measurement of smoke propensity of UPVC (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 7 (1983), S. 101-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The smoke propensity of plastics as measured in the NBS Smoke Chamber method has been rationalized in terms of the influence of specimen thickness and resolved in a relation between mass optical density (MOD) and mass loss, which gives two parameters for characterizing behaviour, a maximum MOD for thin specimens and an asymptotic MOD for thicker ones. Data have been obtained for unplasticized piolyvinylchloride formulations and compared to that obtained by the Arapahoe Smoke Chamber and the Australian Standard method (AS 1530 Part 3). Although correlation coefficients between the methods were generally poor, the same formulations were ranked as the best performers in each method and the improvement over a standard formulation was potentially important in terms of wider acceptance under Australian building regulations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810070302
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Australian fire tests in standards and regulations (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 5 (1981), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fire test methods cited in Australian regulations codes and specifications and the authorities promulgating them are reviewed. The pertinent regulations are generally drafted and administered by departments of the seven State governments, in some cases in reference to model codes developed by committees supported by the federal government to promote uniformity. The test methods, specifications and codes of practice are standardized by the Standards Association of Australia, an independent body with no statutory powers: the standards become mandatory when called up in legislation. Building materials and structures, consumer products, certain electrical components and children's nightwear are the main areas concerned with regulations that invoke fire test methods. The intent of the regulations and the test methods are discussed with particular emphasis on matters unique to Australia.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810050106
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smoke and fire assessment with the fire propagation test (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 1 (1976), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Assesing the total potential fire hazard of modern interior surfacing of buildings requires a method which includes determination of smoke toxicity concurrently with fire and smoke production parameters. The Fire Propagation Box Test (British Standards Institution BS 476, Part 6) is a promising contender. It has been examined in the flaming mode as a method for evaluating smoke production concurrently with fire propagation indices for a range of surfacings, rather than resorting to a separate procedure by using fans with the same apparatus, as described in the former British Standards Institution Draft for relation to rate of burning the concurrent procedure is shown to be the more valied method.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810010304
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combustion characteristics of UPVC pipe grade materials (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 3 (1979), S. 8-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Samples of current Australian production of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride pipe and fitting materials have been examined in relation to combustion characteristics. Small scale laboratory assessment of piloted radiant ignition flame propagation and smoke generation have been investigated. Where necessary, improvements to methods of test or analysis of data have been developed and factors that influence results have been investigated. Piloted radiant ignititon and smoke production under flaming conditions are shfown to be the important combustion characteristics of UPVC materials for improvement.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810030103
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxic gas and smoke assessment studies on vinyl floor covering with the fire propagation test (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 3 (1979), S. 132-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Fire Propagation Test (BS 476 Part 6) has been used with the discharge of combustion products into a small test room, to provide a fire hazard assessment of some polyvinylchloride floor covering systems, and includes measurements of fire propagation, smoke, CO and HCI production. Particular attention has been given to the change in the HCI concentration of the Room atmosphere during the test and the influence of relative humidity and the nature of the surface linings of the room. The results have been discussed as a contribution to the understanding of the role of HCI in toxicity of fire atmospheres. Some approaches for improving further the reproducibility of the test method are indicated and support is given to the Japanese proposal that such a test be standardized to enable comparison of fire hazard potential of lining systems used in buildings.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810030304
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxic gas and smoke measurement with the British Fire Propagation test. I: Test conditions (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 9 (1985), S. 88-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: toxic gas ; smoke ; fire performance ; fire tests ; linings ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: No standard method has been developed for measureing the evolution of specific toxic gases from building lings when involved in fire. The British Fire Propagation test (BS 476 Part 6) operated in an instrumented room has been proposed for this purpose previously but has not found general acceptance. It is considered further in this report, which investigates the movement and measurement of smoke and specific fire gases under different conditions of room stirring and the effect of the latter on fire propagation indexes. Stiring has been found to have no statistically significant effect on fire propagation indexes provided that the effects of this on calibration of the apparatus are taken into account. Stirring also had little effect upon smoke production per se. Under unstire conditions smoke and toxic gases stratify in the same layer early in the test, and measurement of their production at any single room location will be subject to the location, the way the room influences stratification and how the room is instrumentee, as well as by the prpduct performance. Under stirred room conditions smoke and toxic gases are evenly distributed and product performance can be assessed more simply from concurrent measurements of fire, smoke and toxic gas parameters. The latter procedure is proposed for obtaining relative data on building linings and for examination in further studies for correlation to room and corridor burns.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810090206
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxic gas and smoke measurement with the British Fire Propagation test. II: Hydrogen chloride evolution from UPVC building products (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 9 (1985), S. 95-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Extension of the British Standard Fire Propagation test (BS 476 Part 6) as a combustion mode for measuring smoke and toxic gas production from small panels of UPVC building products has been investigated. Hydrogen chloride gas concenatrations in the test room have been measured continuously with a method developed to ensure high collection efficiency from the fire gases. Using this method, the influences of test conditions (room temperature and humidity, room surface finish, reactivity of fire box interior) on HCl gas concentrations were examined to explain the fate of HCl gas after its evolution. The relative humidity (RH) in the room was the most critical factor influencing HCl gas concentrations during tests. Although HCl evolution early in the test was influenced little by RH and closely matched smoke production, maximum HCl gas concentrations in the room attained later varied markedly with RH. Generally, no more than one-third of the HCl expected theoretically remained airborne under any test condition. Further investigations suggested that this loss and the effect of RH are associated with HCl plate-out on room surfaces. Using test conditions set to minimize the influence of RH, HCl evolution from a series of UPVC building products was investigated. HCl concentrations in the test room did not exceed incapacitating levels for those products where less than a certain quantity of UPVC was combusted. This observation is discussed in relation to French regulations, which limit the total quantity of chlorine in some synthetic materials within building compartments.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810090207
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxic gas and smoke measurement with the British Fire Propagation test. III: UPTV formulations with reduced HCl evolution (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 9 (1985), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A range of basic fillers has been incorporated into UPVC formulations and assessed for effectiveness in suppressing HCl evolution and influence on other fire properties. Investigations were carried out with the British Fire Propagation test (BS 476 Part 6) in a room previously used for assessing the fire behaviour of UPVC building products. HCl evolution was also studied following degradation in a pyrolysis tube furnace. Despite notable differences in these methods of assessment, good correlation was found between them. Varying degrees of HCl suppression were obtained and for formulations containing stronger bases effectiveness was found between them. Varying degrees of HCl suppression were obtained and for formulations containing stronger bases effectiveness was approximately stoichiometric to the amount of base present. Lithium hydroxide was thus the most effective HCl absorber on a weight basis. A formulation with 40 parts per hundred resin of this filler evolved only 2% of its theoretical HCl, although at the expense of increased fire propagation indexes. Smoke properties were not greatly influenced by the formulations. Precipitated calcite was considered the most promising acid-absorbing filler for practical use. At 40 parts per hundred resin it reduced HCl evolution to 34% of theoretical and markedly delayed the onset of incapacitating HCl concentrations in the room, with little influence on fire propagation properties of the UPVC.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810090208
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