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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 24 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. A procedure is described for the isolation of flagella of Crithidia fasciculata. Herpetomonas samuelpessoai and Leishmania tarentolae in a highly purified state and giving reasonably good yield. The 3 types of flagella give a similar electrophoretic pattern of proteins. It is shown that H. samuelpessoai and, to a lesser extent, C. fasciculata flagella confer protection against Trypanosoma cruzi infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 60 (1964), S. 612-626 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The development and fine structure of the vestures at the pits and cell walls of vessels of theLeguminosae speciesAmburana acreana, Plathymenia foliolosa andGoniorrhachis marginata were investigated with the electron microscope. The vestures originate after complete formation of the cell wall from substances, which pass through the plasma membrane and are deposited on the cell wall. These products, possibly being derived from the Golgi vesicles, preferably settle at the pit borders and in some cases (Amburana) also at the vessel wall. The deposited bodies, attached to the cell wall, are clearly defined from the latter by their different density and their non-fibrillar content. At the surface, they are limited by the plasma membrane, which generally is covered by the tonoplast. These two membranes, occasionally including dense particles, represent the warty layer. Consequently, the vestures and the warts are two different structures, the former originating first. The vestures show a certain resemblance to the “bodies” and “processes”, occuring at certain cell walls of other plant species. From the occurence and structural similarity of such sculptured (“vestured”) cell walls in different plant species and tissues it is concluded that the vestures represent a specific structural feature of certain plant cells.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Entstehung und Feinstruktur der “Verzierungen” an den Hoftüpfeln und Wänden von Gefäßen der LeguminosenartenAmburana acreana, Plathymenia foliolosa undGoniorrhachis marginata wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Verzierung entsteht nach Abschluß der Zellwandbildung aus Substanzen, die durch die Plasmamembran hindurch der Zellwand angelagert werden. Die Absetzung der Stoffe, die möglicherweise von den Golgi-Vesikeln stammen, erfolgt vorwiegend an den Rändern der Tüpfelpori, beiAmburana auch stellenweise an der Gefäßwand. Die Anlagerungen unterscheiden sich durch ihren unterschiedlichen Kontrast und nichtfibrillären Inhalt deutlich von der Zellwand. Nach außen werden sie von der Plasmamembran begrenzt, der in der Regel der Tonoplast aufgelagert ist. Diese beiden Membranen bilden mit stellenweise eingeschlossenen dichten Partikelchen die Warzenschicht. Die Verzierungen und die Warzenschicht stellen demnach zwei verschiedene, aufeinanderfolgende Bildungen dar. Die “Verzierungen” zeigen eine gewisse Übereinstimmung mit den bei anderen Pflanzenarten beobachteten Zellwandanlagerungen. Aus dem Vorkommen und der Ähnlichkeit derartig skulpturierter (“verzierter”) Zellwände bei verschiedenen Gewebearten wird gefolgert, daß die “Verzierungen” ein spezifisches Strukturelement bestimmter Zellarten darstellen.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Electrocyte ultrastructure ; Electric eel ; Electrophorus electricus ; Mitochondrial granules ; Glycogen cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The general ultrastructure of the electrocyte, the basic unit of the electric organs of Electrophorus electricus, is analyzed. Presented herein are detailed observations of the syncytial surface, its fibrillar coat, invaginations of the plasma membrane and synaptic terminals. Using Thiéry's method glycogen granules were identified in the syncytial cytoplasm and inside the synaptic terminals, their size and structure being compatible with the muscular origin of the electric organs, to which the filamentous meshwork found in the cytoplasm may be related. Among the perinuclear-organelles, are dense bodies with crystalline patterns. The mitochondrial matrix contains dense granules, their size and structure varying according to the organ to which they belong and to the fixation method used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Electrocyte ; Electric eel ; Actin filaments ; Cytoskeleton ; Electrophorus electricus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cytoplasm of the electrocyte of Electrophorus electricus possesses a meshwork of 7-nm thick filaments distributed throughout the cell. Observation of stereopairs of transmission electron micrographs shows association of the filaments with the plasma membrane and the membranes of cytoplasmic organelles. Intense fluorescence, indicative of the presence of actin, was observed in the cytoplasm of electrocytes incubated in the presence of NBD-phallacidin or anti-actin antibodies.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Plasma membrane ; Cytochemistry ; Anionic sites ; Freeze-fracture ; Electrophorus electricus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Membranes were isolated from the main electric organ of Electrophorus electricus and studied by means of cytochemistry and freezefracture. The membrane fractions consisted of vesicles inside-in as determined by localization of anionic sites using colloidal iron and cationized ferritin particles. The anionic sites were not homogeneously distributed on the surface of the vesicle. Freeze-fracture showed the presence of intramembranous particles associated with either protoplasmic (P) or extracellular (E) faces of the membrane. Regions of the membrane without particles were observed. The results are discussed in relation to the existence of association between intramembranous particles and membrane receptors.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 66 (1968), S. 185-204 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Struktur und Entwicklung der Tüpfelmembranen (incervaskulare, parenchymo-vaskuiare, parenchymo-interzellulare und interparenchymatische) im Holz einiger Leguminosenarten wurde licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. In jüngsten Zellelementen stellt die Tüpfelmembran die Fortsetzung der Mittellamelle mit den Primärwänden der benachbarten Zellen dar, zeigt jedoch mehr strukturelle Einzelheiten als die Zellwand. Mit zunehmender Alterung unterliegen die intervaskularen und parenchymo-vaskularen Tüpfelmembranen deutlich erkennbaren Veränderungen. Zunächst nimmt die Dichte ab, offenbar durch die Umwandlung oder den Verlust inkrustierender Substanzen. Auf dieses transparente Stadium folgt eine Verdichtung durch sekundäre Einlagerungen, die sich zunächst auf vereinzelte Bereiche beschränkt und später die gesamte Tüpfelmembran erfaßt. Bei der intervaskularen Tüpfelmembran laufen diese Prozesse gleichmäßig bzw. symmetrisch innerhalb der Membran ab, bei der parenchymo-vaskularen Tüpfelmembran asymmetrisch, d. h. vorwiegend von der Gefäßseite ausgehend. Die fertig entwickelte intervaskulare Tüpfelmembran besteht aus mehreren fibnllären Lamellen, zwischen denen sich granuläre Schichten (inkrustierende Substanzen) befinden. Die Mikrofibrillen der innersten Schichten sind kontinuierlich mit der Primärwand des Gefäßes und vorwiegend parallel orientiert. Die äußeren Schichten zeigen eine locker vernetzte Fibrillentextur. Die parenchymo-vaskulare Tüpfelmembran besitzt eine zusätzliche Schicht, die zwischen dem Plasmalemma der Parenchymzelle und der Tüpfelmembran ausgebildet wird. Diese „Zusatzschicht“ (additional layer) entsteht nach der Degenerierung des Gefäßcytoplasmas und zeigt eine schwammig-netzförmige Struktur mit geringer Elektronendichte. Es wird ihr eine Schutzfunktion für das lebende Cytoplasma gegenüber den Medien der toten Zellelemente zugesprochen sowie eine mögliche Beteiligung bei der Thyllenbildung. Sowohl die intervaskulare als auch parenchymo-vaskulare Tüpfelmembran zeigt auch bei starker Vergrößerung (rund 100 000X) keine Öffnungen. Im Gegensatz hierzu ist die interparenchymatische Tüpfelmembran durch zahlreiche Plasmodesmen perforiert. Plasmodesmen sind typisch für sämtliche Tüpfelmembranen, die lebende Zellelemente trennen.
    Notes: Summary 1. The structure and development of the membranes (intervessel, vessel-parenchyma, parenchymal-intercellular and interparenchymatous) in wood cells of several Leguminosae species were investigated. 2. In very young cell elements the pit membrane represents the continuation of the middle lamella and primary walls of the adjacent cells, displaying however more structural details than inside the cell wall. 3. During the course of development, the intervessel pit membrane swells and loses dense incrusting material, becoming very transparent to electrons. This also happens to the vessel-parenchyma pit membranes, but assymmetrically, the modification being more accentuated in the layers of the vessel side. Subsequently, dense substances reappear and in completely developed membranes they can be quite abundant. 4. In vessel-parenchyma pits an additional layer (protective layer) is deposited between the plasmalemma of the parenchyma cell and the pit membrane. It is formed after degeneration of the vessel cytoplasm and shows a spongy texture. A similar layer is found at the parenchymal-intercellular membranes, thus suggesting the function of protecting the living cytoplasm against an external different medium, only from which it is separated by a thin permeable membrane. 5. Significant evidence was found indicating that vessel membranes consist of various fibrillar lamellae alternating with granular layers (incrusting material). At each side from the median plane, there are at least two possibly monofibrillar layers. The microfibrils of the more internal layers tend to group in a parallel arrangement and are continuous with the primary wall of the vessel. The more external ones show a loose, crossed texture. 6. Typical for the interparenchymatous pit membranes is the perforation by numerous plamsodesmata, a common feature of pit membranes separating living protoplasts. No openings were seen in developed vessel pit membranes up to 100,000X.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: nodal segment culture ; stomata distribution ; stomata morphology ; vitrified plantlets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The surface anatomy of normal and vitreous leaves of plantlets obtained from Datura insignis Barb Rodr nodal segment cultures was compared using scanning electron microscopy. Normal and vitrified leaves are similar in several ways. They are both amphistomatic, and have similar distributions of glandular and non-glandular trichomes. Stomata have similar length, diameter and distribution in normal and vitreous plants. Immature stomata, which have closed pores, and plugged stomata, which contain an amorphous material between their guard cells, occur in both normal and vitrified leaves. Normal and vitreous leaves differ in the frequency of normal and abnormal stomata. Normal stomata have kidney-shaped guard cells and resemble closely those found in field-grown plants, whereas abnormal stomata have deformed guard cells. Normal stomata represent approximately 80% of the total number of stomata in normal leaves, but only 7% of the total number of stomata in vitreous leaves. Abnormal stomata represent 90% of the total number in vitreous leaves. The deformation of guard cells could possibly be a mechanical impediment to stomatal function.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 207 (1980), S. 449-461 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rhynchosciara angelae ; Salivary gland ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of the salivary gland of the dipteran insect Rhynchosciara angelae in a defined stage of the larval development, characterized by the synthesis and storage of secretion product, is described. Observations were made with both Nomarski optics and electron microscopy. Filiform projections extending into the lumen of the gland were observed in the apical portion of the cells. At the basal region junctions, characterized as hemidesmosomes, were observed between the membrane of the cell and the basal lamina. The plasma membrane presents numerous infoldings into the cell increasing considerably the surface area at this region. Throughout the cytoplasm of the gland cells numerous mitochondria, Golgi complexes, microtubules, profiles of endoplasmic reticulum, secretion granules and glycogen granules were observed. Carbohydrates were detected on ultrathin sections by using the periodic acid-silver methenamine and the periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Electrocytes eel ; Electrophorus electricus ; Cell surface ; Electron microscopy-cytochemistry ; Carbohydrates ; Concanavalin A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The surface coat of the electrocyte of the main electric organ of Electrophorus electricus was studied using cytochemical methods (periodic acid-silver methenamine, periodic acid-chromic acid-silver methenamine, periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate, Concanavalin A — horseradish peroxidase, ruthenium red, Alcian-blue lanthanum nitrate, colloidal iron hydroxide and cationized ferritin). The surface of the electrocyte presents perpendicularly oriented tubular invaginations of the cell membrane. The fibrous coat 50–100 nm thick, penetrates into the lumen of the invaginations. It is also observed in the synaptic clefts existent in the posterior face of the electrocyte. The coating of the surface membrane gives a positive reaction with all techniques used. Binding of colloidal iron hydroxide particles was observed only in the outer layer of the coat. With the Alcian-blue lanthanum nitrate technique, microtubules were observed in the cytoplasm of the electrocyte. The results indicate that the surface coat of the electrocyte contains mucopolysaccharides, glycoproteins, acid mucopolysaccharides and anionic sites detected at low (colloidal iron hydroxyde) and neutral (cationized ferritin) pH.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1957-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-021X
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-9331
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley
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