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  • 1
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    Gas Diffusivity-Based Design and Characterization of Greenhouse Growth Substrates (2013)
    Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-15
    Description: Growing plants in containerized substrates has long been common practice in horticulture. Containerized plants (e.g., greenhouse tomatoes) have restricted access to essential growth resources such as oxygen, water, and nutrients. Since a wide range of inorganic and organic materials, and different combinations thereof, are commonly used as growth media, detailed and comparable physical characterization is key to identify the best performing media. In this study, five potential growth media and two mixtures thereof were characterized based on soil gas diffusivity ( D p / D o , where D p and D o are gas diffusion coefficients in soil air and free air, respectively) and an operationally defined critical window of diffusivity (CWD) representing the interval of air-filled porosity between critical air filled porosity where D p / D o 0.02 and interaggregate porosity. The D p measurements were conducted with 100-cm 3 samples from wet to complete dry conditions achieved by stepwise air drying and equilibration of initially water-saturated samples. A previously developed inactive pore and density-corrected (IPDC) model was able to describe gas diffusivities for media with distinct inactive pore space in the interaggregate pore region reasonably well. An extended IPDC model was introduced for media exhibiting a second percolation threshold in the intra-aggregate pore region. The analysis revealed comparable CWD values for the majority of the investigated media. The results further highlighted the importance of other major aspects (physical, chemical, and biological) of growth media characterization for optimal growth media design. A simple approach toward designing a gas diffusivity mixing model is presented to assist with selection of optimal mixing ratios of growth media with markedly different D p / D o behavior.
    Electronic ISSN: 1539-1663
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
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  • 2
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    Can Bile Salt Export Pump Inhibition Testing in Drug Discovery and Development Reduce Liver Injury Risk? An International Transporter Consortium Perspective (2018)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Bile salt export pump (BSEP) inhibition has emerged as an important mechanism that may contribute to the initiation of human drug‐induced liver injury (DILI). Proactive evaluation and understanding of BSEP inhibition is recommended in drug discovery and development to aid internal decision making on DILI risk. BSEP inhibition can be quantified using in vitro assays. When interpreting assay data, it is important to consider in vivo drug exposure. Currently, this can be undertaken most effectively by consideration of total plasma steady state drug concentrations (Css,plasma). However, because total drug concentrations are not predictive of pharmacological effect, the relationship between total exposure and BSEP inhibition is not causal. Various follow‐up studies can aid interpretation of in vitro BSEP inhibition data and may be undertaken on a case‐by‐case basis. BSEP inhibition is one of several mechanisms by which drugs may cause DILI, therefore, it should be considered alongside other mechanisms when evaluating possible DILI risk.
    Print ISSN: 0009-9236
    Electronic ISSN: 1532-6535
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
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    Ab initio computation of the energies of circular quantum dots (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-09-09
    Description: Author(s): M. Pedersen Lohne, G. Hagen, M. Hjorth-Jensen, S. Kvaal, and F. Pederiva We perform coupled-cluster and diffusion Monte Carlo calculations of the energies of circular quantum dots up to 20 electrons. The coupled-cluster calculations include triples corrections and a renormalized Coulomb interaction defined for a given number of low-lying oscillator shells. Using such a r... [Phys. Rev. B 84, 115302] Published Thu Sep 08, 2011
    Keywords: Semiconductors II: surfaces, interfaces, microstructures, and related topics
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Synchrotron Infrared Radiation for Electrochemical External Reflection Spectroscopy: A Case Study Using Ferrocyanide (2011)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-19
    Description: Analytical Chemistry DOI: 10.1021/ac200250s
    Print ISSN: 0003-2700
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6882
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 5
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    Crowding limits translation and cell growth [Biophysics and Computational Biology] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-16
    Description: Bacterial growth is crucially dependent on protein synthesis and thus on the cellular abundance of ribosomes and related proteins. Here, we show that the slow diffusion of the bulky tRNA complexes in the crowded cytoplasm imposes a physical limit on the speed of translation, which ultimately limits the rate of...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Eocene to Miocene igneous activity in NE Greenland: northward younging of magmatism along the East Greenland margin (2014)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-01
    Description: Radiometric dating by the 40 Ar– 39 Ar incremental heating method was carried out on lavas, sills, dykes, and a central intrusion from NE Greenland. Eighteen samples gave acceptable crystallization ages. Lavas of both Lower and Upper Plateau Lava Series gave ages in the range 55.5–53.5 Ma and cannot be constrained to better than 56–53 Ma. Sills and dykes from Traill Ø to Shannon, with compositions fairly similar to those of the lavas, gave ages of 55.1–51.3 Ma, contemporaneous with and slightly younger than the lavas. Alkaline lavas on inland nunataks have ages of 53–50 Ma, and the Kap Broer Ruys intrusive centre has an age of 48.7 ± 0.5 Ma. An alkaline sill on Hvalrosø is much younger at 20.3 ± 0.1 Ma. There are no pre-breakup lavas onshore NE Greenland. We surmise that the hot mantle of the Iceland plume arrived and melted extensively beneath the northern basins only at the time of breakup around 55 Ma. Post-breakup intrusive events in NE Greenland coincided with plate-tectonic events such as reorganization, uplift and opening in the north. The Hvalrosø sill represents a local small melting event that may be related to coeval opening of the Lena Trough. Supplementary materials: Details of the source data, results, and the compositions and locations of the dated samples, are available at www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18738 .
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 7
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    Voyager planetary radio astronomy at neptune (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-15
    Description: Detection of very intense short radio bursts from Neptune was possible as early as 30 days before closest approach and at least 22 days after closest approach. The bursts lay at frequencies in the range 100 to 1300 kilohertz, were narrowband and strongly polarized, and presumably originated in southern polar regions ofthe planet. Episodes of smooth emissions in the frequency range from 20 to 865 kilohertz were detected during an interval of at least 10 days around closest approach. The bursts and the smooth emissions can be described in terms of rotation in a period of 16.11 +/- 0.05 hours. The bursts came at regular intervals throughout the encounter, including episodes both before and after closest approach. The smooth emissions showed a half-cycle phase shift between the five episodes before and after closest approach. This experiment detected the foreshock of Neptune's magnetosphere and the impacts of dust at the times of ring-plane crossings and also near the time of closest approach. Finally, there is no evidence for Neptunian electrostatic discharges.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warwick, J W -- Evans, D R -- Peltzer, G R -- Peltzer, R G -- Romig, J H -- Sawyer, C B -- Riddle, A C -- Schweitzer, A E -- Desch, M D -- Kaiser, M L -- Farrell, W M -- Carr, T D -- de Pater, I -- Staelin, D H -- Gulkis, S -- Poynter, R L -- Boischot, A -- Genova, F -- Leblanc, Y -- Lecacheux, A -- Pedersen, B M -- Zarka, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 15;246(4936):1498-501.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17756007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Ulysses radio and plasma wave observations in the jupiter environment (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-09-11
    Description: The Unified Radio and Plasma Wave (URAP) experiment has produced new observations of the Jupiter environment, owing to the unique capabilities of the instrument and the traversal of high Jovian latitudes. Broad-band continuum radio emission from Jupiter and in situ plasma waves have proved valuable in delineating the magnetospheric boundaries. Simultaneous measurements of electric and magnetic wave fields have yielded new evidence of whistler-mode radiation within the magnetosphere. Observations of aurorallike hiss provided evidence of a Jovian cusp. The source direction and polarization capabilities of URAP have demonstrated that the outer region of the lo plasma torus supported at least five separate radio sources that reoccurred during successive rotations with a measurable corotation lag. Thermal noise measurements of the lo torus densities yielded values in the densest portion that are similar to models suggested on the basis of Voyager observations of 13 years ago. The URAP measurements also suggest complex beaming and polarization characteristics of Jovian radio components. In addition, a new class of kilometer-wavelength striated Jovian bursts has been observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, R G -- Pedersen, B M -- Harvey, C C -- Canu, P -- Cornilleau-Wehrlin, N -- Desch, M D -- de Villedary, C -- Fainberg, J -- Farrell, W M -- Goetz, K -- Hess, R A -- Hoang, S -- Kaiser, M L -- Kellogg, P J -- Lecacheux, A -- Lin, N -- Macdowall, R J -- Manning, R -- Meetre, C A -- Meyer-Vernet, N -- Moncuquet, M -- Osherovich, V -- Reiner, M J -- Tekle, A -- Thiessen, J -- Zarka, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 11;257(5076):1524-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17776162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Ultraviolet radiation accelerates BRAF-driven melanomagenesis by targeting TP53 (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-06-12
    Description: Cutaneous melanoma is epidemiologically linked to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), but the molecular mechanisms by which UVR drives melanomagenesis remain unclear. The most common somatic mutation in melanoma is a V600E substitution in BRAF, which is an early event. To investigate how UVR accelerates oncogenic BRAF-driven melanomagenesis, we used a BRAF(V600E) mouse model. In mice expressing BRAF(V600E) in their melanocytes, a single dose of UVR that mimicked mild sunburn in humans induced clonal expansion of the melanocytes, and repeated doses of UVR increased melanoma burden. Here we show that sunscreen (UVA superior, UVB sun protection factor (SPF) 50) delayed the onset of UVR-driven melanoma, but only provided partial protection. The UVR-exposed tumours showed increased numbers of single nucleotide variants and we observed mutations (H39Y, S124F, R245C, R270C, C272G) in the Trp53 tumour suppressor in approximately 40% of cases. TP53 is an accepted UVR target in human non-melanoma skin cancer, but is not thought to have a major role in melanoma. However, we show that, in mice, mutant Trp53 accelerated BRAF(V600E)-driven melanomagenesis, and that TP53 mutations are linked to evidence of UVR-induced DNA damage in human melanoma. Thus, we provide mechanistic insight into epidemiological data linking UVR to acquired naevi in humans. Furthermore, we identify TP53/Trp53 as a UVR-target gene that cooperates with BRAF(V600E) to induce melanoma, providing molecular insight into how UVR accelerates melanomagenesis. Our study validates public health campaigns that promote sunscreen protection for individuals at risk of melanoma.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4112218/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4112218/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Viros, Amaya -- Sanchez-Laorden, Berta -- Pedersen, Malin -- Furney, Simon J -- Rae, Joel -- Hogan, Kate -- Ejiama, Sarah -- Girotti, Maria Romina -- Cook, Martin -- Dhomen, Nathalie -- Marais, Richard -- A12738/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- A13540/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- A17240/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- A7091/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- A7192/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- C107/A10433/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- C5759/A12328/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jul 24;511(7510):478-82. doi: 10.1038/nature13298. Epub 2014 Jun 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK [2]. ; 1] Signal Transduction Team, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK [2]. ; Signal Transduction Team, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK. ; Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK. ; 1] Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK [2] Histopathology, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK. ; 1] Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK [2] Signal Transduction Team, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24919155" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*genetics/*radiation effects ; DNA Damage/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Melanocytes/metabolism/pathology/radiation effects ; Melanoma/etiology/*genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutagenesis/genetics/*radiation effects ; Mutation/genetics/radiation effects ; Nevus/etiology/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/*genetics/metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms/etiology/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Sunburn/complications/etiology/genetics ; Sunscreening Agents/pharmacology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*genetics/metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays/*adverse effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    Repeated ER-endosome contacts promote endosome translocation and neurite outgrowth (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-10
    Description: The main organelles of the secretory and endocytic pathways--the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and endosomes, respectively--are connected through contact sites whose numbers increase as endosomes mature. One function of such sites is to enable dephosphorylation of the cytosolic tails of endosomal signalling receptors by an ER-associated phosphatase, whereas others serve to negatively control the association of endosomes with the minus-end-directed microtubule motor dynein or mediate endosome fission. Cholesterol transfer and Ca(2+) exchange have been proposed as additional functions of such sites. However, the compositions, activities and regulations of ER-endosome contact sites remain incompletely understood. Here we show in human and rat cell lines that protrudin, an ER protein that promotes protrusion and neurite outgrowth, forms contact sites with late endosomes (LEs) via coincident detection of the small GTPase RAB7 and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P). These contact sites mediate transfer of the microtubule motor kinesin 1 from protrudin to the motor adaptor FYCO1 on LEs. Repeated LE-ER contacts promote microtubule-dependent translocation of LEs to the cell periphery and subsequent synaptotagmin-VII-dependent fusion with the plasma membrane. Such fusion induces outgrowth of protrusions and neurites, which requires the abilities of protrudin and FYCO1 to interact with LEs and kinesin 1. Thus, protrudin-containing ER-LE contact sites are platforms for kinesin-1 loading onto LEs, and kinesin-1-mediated translocation of LEs to the plasma membrane, fuelled by repeated ER contacts, promotes protrusion and neurite outgrowth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raiborg, Camilla -- Wenzel, Eva M -- Pedersen, Nina M -- Olsvik, Hallvard -- Schink, Kay O -- Schultz, Sebastian W -- Vietri, Marina -- Nisi, Veronica -- Bucci, Cecilia -- Brech, Andreas -- Johansen, Terje -- Stenmark, Harald -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 9;520(7546):234-8. doi: 10.1038/nature14359.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway [2] Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway. ; Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromso - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. ; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Provinciale Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25855459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Biological Transport ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Endosomes/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Kinesin/metabolism ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Neurites/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Rats ; Synaptotagmins/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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