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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proper interpretation of photoconductive decay transients in semiconductors having finite surface recombination velocity (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 4663-4669 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The influence of finite surface recombination velocity on the proper interpretation of photoconductive decay (PCD) transients in semiconductors is discussed. The limitations of simple analytical equations which relate the observed effective lifetime to the material parameters are considered. It is shown that, under most circumstances, the correct application of the appropriate analytical expression requires some prior knowledge of the material parameters under investigation. Several methods are proposed to extract useful information from PCD experiments. Finally, the practicality of these methods is investigated by measuring the effective lifetimes of high-purity germanium and float-zone silicon using a noncontact PCD technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357304
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion-implanted extrinsic Ge photodetectors with extended cutoff wavelength (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 1431-1433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Far-infrared properties of a two-layer structure consisting of an ion-implantation doped layer on a thin ultrapure slice of germanium have been studied. Photoresponse extends beyond the shallow impurity absorption edge at 120 μm to about 192 μm. Photoconductivity studies have been performed between 4.2 and 1.3 K. Detectors with an area of 1×1 mm2 have dark currents of less than 100 electrons/s at temperatures ≤1.3 K at a bias of 70 mV. A responsivity of 0.9 A/W and a noise equivalent power of 5×10−16 W/Hz1/2 have been measured using photons in a narrow band 99±0.5 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105189
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voltage-assisted calorimetric ionization detector (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 6858-6860 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new approach to ionizing radiation detection is proposed. The amount of ionization produced in a detector medium is measured by the heat generated as the charged carriers are drifted across the device under an applied voltage. The amount of energy generated can be orders of magnitude larger than that deposited by the radiation itself. A dramatic increase in detector mass can be achieved compared to simple calorimetric particle detectors for equivalent energy thresholds. It is possible to obtain a sensitivity level sufficient for single-carrier detection. The principle of operation has been demonstrated with an experimental device operated at a temperature of 1.8 K, and improved performance is expected at lower temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341976
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging of radio-carbon clusters in high-purity germanium using a self-detection scheme (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 3734-3736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new isotope-specific and quantitative technique based on self-detection in a position-sensitive detector has been developed for the imaging of radio-carbon clusters in high-purity Ge. Using a novel position-sensitive detector concept, a one-dimensional spatial resolution of ∼200 μm FWHM and a sensitivity of ∼6×107 14C atoms per cluster has been obtained. This technique can be applied to other semiconductors which can be used to fabricate self-counting position-sensitive nuclear radiation detectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336757
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-hole pair creation at a Ge(100) surface by ground-state neutral Xe atoms (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 2213-2215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have directly measured the excitation of electron-hole pairs at a crystal surface by ground-state neutral atoms. Utilizing seeded molecular beam techniques we have scattered hyperthermal (1–6 eV) Xe atoms from the (100) face of a Ge p-i-n diode and recorded the current transient induced due to the scattering process. We find the product of the excitation and collection probability to be ∼10−4 over a range of kinetic energies 2〈EXe(eV)〈6. The excitation of electron-hole pairs constitutes a small portion of the massive energy loss (ΔE/E∼70%) of the Xe atom to the crystal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336361
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-polarity charge sensing in ionization detectors using coplanar electrodes (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 2884-2886 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new method to preferentially sense the collection of single-polarity charge carriers in ionization detectors is presented. It uses coplanar electrodes to closely emulate the function of Frisch grids commonly employed in gas and liquid ionization detectors. The coplanar electrode structure allows for easy implementation on semiconductor detectors. This method can be used to obtain good energy resolution from detectors in which only one polarity type of carriers is efficiently collected. Experimental results using a CdZnTe detector demonstrate the effectiveness of this method. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112523
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance and materials aspects of Ge:Be photoconductors (1983)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 4 (1983), S. 945-954 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: Photoconductors ; Infrared detection ; Ge:Be
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ge:Be photoconductors have been developed for low photon background applications in the 30–50 μm wavelength region. These detectors provide higher responsivity and lower noise equivalent power (NEP) than the Ge:Ga detectors currently operating in this wavelength range. Berylliumdoped single crystals were grown by the Czochralski method from a carbon susceptor under a vacuum of ∼ 10−6 torr. We report an optimum detective quantum efficiency of 46% at a background flux of 1.5×108 photons/second (7×10−13 W). Ge:Be detector performance is strongly influenced by the absolute concentrations and the concentration ratio of residual shallow donors and shallow acceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01009319
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high-resolution Ge spectrometer for Gamma-Ray burst astronomy (1995)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 71 (1995), S. 273-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Transient Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (TGRS) to be flown aboard the WIND spacecraft is primarily designed to perform high resolution spectroscopy of transient γ-ray events, such as cosmic γ-ray bursts and solar flares over the energy range 25 keV to 8.2 MeV with an expected spectroscopic resolution of ∼ 3 keV at 1 MeV. The detector itself consists of a 215 cm3 high purityn-type Ge crystal kept at cryogenic temperatures by a passive radiative cooler. The geometric field of view defined by the cooler is ∼ 1.8 π steradian. To avoid continuous triggers by soft solar events, a thin BeCu Sun-shield around the sides of the cooler has been provided. A passive Mo/Pb occulter, which modulates signals from within ±5° of the ecliptic plane at the spacecraft spin frequency, is used to identify and study solar flares, as well as emission from the galactic plane and center. Thus, in addition to transient event measurements, the instrument will allow the search for possible diffuse background lines and monitor the 511 keV positron annihilation radiation from the galactic center. In order to handle the typically large burst count rates, which can be in excess of 100 kHz, burst data are stored directly in an onboard 2.75 Mbit burst memory with an absolute timing accuracy of ±1.5 ms after ground processing. The memory is capable of storing the entire spectral data set of all but the largest bursts. WIND is scheduled to be launched on a Delta II launch vehicle from Cape Canaveral on November 1, 1994. After injection into a phasing orbit, the spacecraft will execute a double lunar swing-by before being moved into a controlled ‘halo’ orbit about theL1 Lagrangian point (∼250R e towards the Sun). This will provide a 5 light-second light travel time with which to triangulate gamma-ray burst sources with Earth-orbiting systems, such as those on-board the Gamma-Ray Observatory (GRO). The response of instrument to transient γ-ray events such as GRB's and solar flares will be presented as well as the expected response to steady state point sources and galactic center line emission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00751333
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physics-based generation of gamma-ray response functions for CdZnTe detectors (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 233 (1998), S. 257-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A physics-based approach to gamma-ray response-function generation is presented in which the response of CdZnTe detectors is modeled from first principles. Numerical modeling is used to generate response functions needed for spectrum analysis for general detector configurations (e.g., electrode design, detector materials and geometry, and operating conditions). With numerical modeling, requirements for calibration and characterization are significantly reduced. Elements of the physics-based model, including gamma-ray transport, charge carrier drift and diffusion, and circuit response, are presented. Calculated and experimental gamma-ray spectra are compared for a coplanar-grid CdZnTe detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02389681
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  • 10
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    Suret al. reply (1992)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-03-02
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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