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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and Investigation of the Tribological Properties of Sol–Gel Zirconia Thin Films (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Sol–gel zirconia thin films were prepared by dip coating in an ethanol solution of zirconium oxychloride. The zirconia films consisted of a completely tetragonal phase and exhibited nanoscale uniformity. They displayed excellent antiwear and friction-reduction performance in sliding against steel. The friction coefficient (0.13–0.15) and the wear life over 5000 sliding cycles were recorded for the films at a sliding speed of 90 mm/min and a load of 0.5 N. The film was characterized by slight scuffing and abrasion at low loads and sliding speeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00462.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tribochemical study of tetrazole derivatives as lubricating oil additives (2005)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial lubrication & tribology 57 (2005), S. 64-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - To study some tribochemical properties of tetrazole derivatives, n-hexadecanyl (1H-tetrazol-1-yl) acetate (HTA) and 1-phenyl-5-(octylthio)-tetrazole (PCT) as lubricating oil additives in hydrogenised oil, and estimate the action mechanism.Design/methodology/approach - The two tetrazole compounds were synthesized, and added them in hydrogenised oil with different concentrations. Their anti-wear properties were evaluated with a four-ball machine, the wear scar was analyzed with a X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).Findings - The novel compounds possess good anti-wear, friction reduction properties and good load-carrying capacity. According to the XPS results, the novel compounds were migrated onto the surface of the steel balls and adsorbed on the surface. The two additive compounds, themselves, and their decomposers contributed to the corresponding tribological performances. With S element contained in the compound PCT, the influence on the load-carrying capacity of the base oil was enhanced. It may be due to the formation of S2- and SO42- compounds on the worn surface which could form a protective film.Research limitations/implications - Their antioxidant, anticorrosion, anti-wear properties are not estimated.Practical implications - Two useful EP and AW lubricating oil additives were synthesized, and maybe it is the potential industrial applied lubricating oil additives.Originality/value - This paper provided a study way of some N-containing heterocyclic compounds as lubricating oil additives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00368790510583366
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application research on series of ashless P-containing EP and AW additives (2005)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial lubrication & tribology 57 (2005), S. 80-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - In order to formulate ashless GL-5 gear oils and high-pressure antiwear hydraulic oils, the performances of extreme-pressure (EP) and antiwear (AW), and the thermal and hydrolytic stability of series ashless P-containing additives with different chemical structures are investigated by four-ball EP test, high-temperature oxidation test and hydrolytic stability test.Design/methodology/approach - Series ashless P-containing EP and AW additives with different chemical structures were designed and selected, their EP and AW performances, high-temperature oxidation, hydrolytic stability compared with the traditional zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) additive were investigated according to relative testing standards, and their applied performances compared with the traditional ZDDP additive were investigated using the CRC L-37 gear oil rear axle test, Deniso T-5D Vane Pump test and Deniso P-46 Piston Pump test.Findings - The results indicate that two ashless neutral thiophosphate esters exhibit excellent EP and AW performances, high-temperature oxidation and hydrolytic stability. The application performance of these P-containing additives is also examined by CRC L-37 rear axle test. The results show that only the oil samples with the addition of neutral thiophosphate esters correspondingly to API GL-5 automotive gear oil can pass the CRC L-37 gear oil rear axle test successfully. The results of further Deniso T-5D Vane Pump and Deniso P-46 Piston Pump tests prove that the ashless neutral thiophosphate ester is a very effective EP/AW additive for high-pressure antiwear hydraulic oil. In one sentence, the neutral thiophosphate ester is the excellent ashless EP/AW additive and the useful substitute for ZDDP.Research limitations/implications - From the results, the neutral thiophosphate ester is the excellent ashless EP/AW additive and the useful substitute for ZDDP, however, their tribological mechanicsm and their synergic effect with the other additives used in the test base oil for the applied performance tests may be done in the future works.Practical implications - These results may be useful for the researchers to formulate some ashless high EP/AW industrial oils.Originality/value - This paper proves that the two ashless neutral thiophosphate esters exhibit excellent EP and AW performances, high-temperature oxidation and hydrolytic stability, and is the useful substitute for ZDDP for formulating ashless GL-5 gear oils and high-pressure AW hydraulic oils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00368790510583393
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tumoricidal activity of a novel anti-human DR5 monoclonal antibody without hepatocyte cytotoxicity (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 7 (2001), S. 954-960 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] A novel anti-human DR5 monoclonal antibody, TRA-8, induces apoptosis of most tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-sensitive tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to both the membrane-bound form of human TRAIL, which induced severe hepatitis in mice, and the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/91000
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protection of rhesus macaques against disease progression from pathogenic SHIV-89.6PD by vaccination with phage-displayed HIV-1 epitopes (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 7 (2001), S. 1225-1231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The antigenic polymorphism of HIV-1 is a major obstacle in developing an effective vaccine. Accordingly, we screened random peptide libraries (RPLs) displayed on phage with antibodies from HIV-infected individuals and identified an array of HIV-specific epitopes that behave as antigenic mimics of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1101-1225
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and Tribological Investigation of Sol–Gel Titania and Doped Titania Thin Films (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Titania (TiO2) and doped TiO2 ceramic thin films were prepared on a glass substrate by a sol–gel and dip-coating process from specially formulated sols, followed by annealing at 460°C. The morphologies of the original and worn surfaces of the films were analyzed with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy. The chemical compositions of the obtained films were characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The tribological properties of TiO2 and doped TiO2 thin films sliding against Si3N4 ball were evaluated on a one-way reciprocating friction and wear tester. The AFM analysis shows that the morphologies of the resulting films are very different in nanoscale, which partly accounts for their tribological properties. XPS analysis reveals that the doped elements exist in different states, such as oxide and silicate, and diffusion took place between the film and the glass substrate. TiO2 films show an excellent ability to reduce friction and resist wear. A friction coefficient as low as 0.18 and a wear life of 2280 sliding passes at 3 N were recorded. Unfortunately, all the doped TiO2 films are inferior to the TiO2 films in friction reduction and wear resistance, primarily because of their differences in structures and chemical compositions caused by the doped elements. The wear of the glass is characteristic of brittle fracture and severe abrasion. The wear of the TiO2 thin film is characteristic of plastic deformation with slight abrasive and fatigue wear. The doped TiO2 thin films show lower plasticity than the TiO2 thin film, which leads to large cracks. The propagation of the cracks caused serious fracture and failure of the films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00351.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post–earnings–announcement Drift in the UK (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European financial management 9 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-036X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper fills a void in the market efficiency literature by testing for the presence of post–earnings–announcement drift in a non–US market. We test for drift using alternative earnings surprise measures based on: (i) the time–series of earnings; (ii) market prices; and (iii) analyst forecasts. Using each of the measures we find evidence of significant post–earnings–announcement drift, robust to alternative controls for risk and market microstructure effects. Using a one–dimensional analysis, the price–based measure of earnings surprise gives the strongest drift, and using a two–dimensional analysis the drift associated with the price–based measure almost subsumes drift associated with the other two measures. Our conclusion is that the UK stock market is inefficient with respect to publicly available corporate earnings information. This evidence provides out–of–sample confirmation of the post–earnings–announcement drift documented in the USA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-036X.00209
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human immunodeficiency viruses SIV infection in wild gorillas (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 444 (2006), S. 164-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) from west central Africa are recognized as the reservoir of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVcpzPtt) that have crossed at least twice to humans: this resulted in the AIDS pandemic (from human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 group M) in one instance and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/444164a
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Global analysis of an Ebenman's model of population with two competing age classes (1995)
    Springer
    Acta mathematicae applicatae sinica 11 (1995), S. 160-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-3932
    Keywords: Chaos ; competition models ; two-dimensional map ; synchronous and non-synchronous cycles ; Schwartz derivative
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Several global conclusions about an Ebenman's model of a population with competing juveniles and adults are derived in this paper. The problems about the number of non-trivial fixed points, the number of synchronous 2-cycles, and the number of attracting synchronous cycles are resolved. In a special case, the twice iteration of the 2-dimensional map can be reduced to a 1-dimensional map, and the existence of one or more continua of non-synchronous 2-cycles is pointed out. Numerical calculations are used to draw orbit diagrams which show complicated dynamics of this non-invertible 2-dimensional map. Experimental and field observational evidence is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02013151
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The friction and wear behavior of 2-(n-alkyldithio)-benzimidazole as additives in liquid paraffin (1999)
    Springer
    Tribology letters 7 (1999), S. 27-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2711
    Keywords: wear ; friction ; lubrication ; XPS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Three 2-(n-alkyldithio)-benzimidazoles were synthesized. The friction and wear behavior of the synthetic compounds as additives in liquid paraffin were examined with a four-ball machine, with emphasis on revealing the relationship between the chain length of the additive and the friction-reducing ability and lubricating mechanism of the additives. The film formed by the additive during the sliding process was investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the synthetic compounds as additives in liquid paraffin had good antiwear performance. The longer the chain length of the synthetic compound, the more stable or less volatile is the compound and the more effective it is in improving wear resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019104916833
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