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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Intermediacy of Protonated Cyclopropanes in the Addition of Bromine to Cyclopropane (1966)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 88 (1966), S. 5357-5358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00974a079
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Powerline Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields: A Pilot Study of Risk Perception (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 5 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The perception of the potential risk arising from human exposure to 50/60 Hz electric and magnetic fields was studied with a quasi-random sample of 116 well-educated, opinion leaders using the risk perception framework previously developed by Slovic, Fischhoff, and Lichtenstein. These individuals rated exposure to fields from transmission lines and electric blankets on a variety of scales that have been found useful in characterizing people's risk attitudes and perceptions. These judgments allowed us to conjecture about the likely desire for regulation of these potential hazards and the likely response to a publicized problem (e.g., an accident or ominous research finding) involving these two sources of exposure. Various forms of detailed information about 50/60 Hz fields were supplied to respondents. The provision of information produced modest, but statistically significant, changes in perceptions in the direction of greater concern about the risks. In response to questions of public policy, participants desired modest regulatory control of field exposure from transmission lines and little or no control of field exposure from appliances like electric blankets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1985.tb00161.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protonation of diene complexes of rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, and osmium: a fine balance between terminal and agostic hydrides (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Organometallics 11 (1992), S. 127-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00037a028
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    .beta.-Migratory insertion reactions of (.eta.5-C5R'5)Rh(L)(C2H4)R+BF4- (R' = hydrogen, methyl; R = hydrogen, ethyl; L = P(OMe)3, PMe3). Comparison of the energetics of hydride versus alkyl migration (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 114 (1992), S. 10394-10401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00052a040
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbonium Ions. XIX. The Intense Conjugation in Cyclopropyl Carbonium Ions1 (1965)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 87 (1965), S. 4533-4538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00948a024
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Direct Observation of Dicyclopropylcarbonium Ions (1965)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 87 (1965), S. 3000-3002 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01091a035
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature-grown red and sugar maple on gypsy moth performance (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 6 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Few studies have investigated how tree species grown under elevated CO2 and elevated temperature alter the performance of leaf-feeding insects. The indirect effects of an elevated CO2 concentration and temperature on leaf phytochemistry, along with potential direct effects on insect growth and consumption, may independently or interactively affect insects. To investigate this, we bagged larvae of the gypsy moth on leaves of red and sugar maple growing in open-top chambers in four CO2/temperature treatment combinations: (i) ambient temperature, ambient CO2; (ii) ambient temperature, elevated CO2 (+ 300 μL L−1 CO2); (iii) elevated temperature (+ 3.5°C), ambient CO2; and (iv) elevated temperature, elevated CO2. For both tree species, leaves grown at elevated CO2 concentration were significantly reduced in leaf nitrogen concentration and increased in C: N ratio, while neither temperature nor its interaction with CO2 concentration had any effect. Depending on the tree species, leaf water content declined (red maple) and carbon-based phenolics increased (sugar maple) on plants grown in an enriched CO2 atmosphere. The only observed effect of elevated temperature on leaf phytochemistry was a reduction in leaf water content of sugar maple leaves. Gypsy moth larval responses were dependent on tree species. Larvae feeding on elevated CO2-grown red maple leaves had reduced growth, while temperature had no effect on the growth or consumption of larvae. No significant effects of either temperature or CO2 concentration were observed for larvae feeding on sugar maple leaves. Our data demonstrate strong effects of CO2 enrichment on leaf phytochemical constituents important to folivorous insects, while an elevated temperature largely has little effect. We conclude that alterations in leaf chemistry due to an elevated CO2 atmosphere are more important in this plant–folivorous insect system than either the direct short-term effects of temperature on insect performance or its indirect effects on leaf chemistry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00343.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allocation responses to CO2 enrichment and defoliation by a native annual plant Heterotheca subaxillaris (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 6 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Among plants grown under enriched atmospheric CO2, root:shoot balance (RSB) theory predicts a proportionately greater allocation of assimilate to roots than among ambient-grown plants. Conversely, defoliation, which decreases the plant's capacity to assimilate carbon, is predicted to increase allocation to shoot. We tested these RSB predictions, and whether responses to CO2 enrichment were modified by defoliation, using Heterotheca subaxillaris, an annual plant native to south-eastern USA. Plants were grown under near-ambient (400 μmol mol−1) and enriched (700 μmol mol−1) levels of atmospheric CO2. Defoliation consisted of the weekly removal of 25% of each new fully expanded, but not previously defoliated, leaf from either rosette or bolted plants. In addition to dry mass measurements of leaves, stems, and roots, Kjeldahl N, protein, starch and soluble sugars were analysed in these plant components to test the hypothesis that changes in C:N uptake ratio drive shifts in root:shoot ratio. Young, rapidly growing CO2-enriched plants conformed to the predictions of RSB, with higher root:shoot ratio than ambient-grown plants (P 〈 0.02), whereas older, slower growing plants did not show a CO2 effect on root:shoot ratio. Defoliation resulted in smaller plants, among which both root and shoot biomass were reduced, irrespective of CO2 treatment (P 〈 0.03). However, H. subaxillaris plants were able to compensate for leaf area removal through flexible shoot allocation to more leaves vs. stem (P 〈 0.01). Increased carbon availability through CO2 enrichment did not enhance the response to defoliation, apparently because of complete growth compensation for defoliation, even under ambient conditions. CO2-enriched plants had higher rates of photosynthesis (P 〈 0.0001), but this did not translate into increased final biomass accumulation. On the other hand, earlier and more abundant yield of flower biomass was an important consequence of growth under CO2 enrichment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00355.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of elevated CO2-grown loblolly pine needles on the growth, consumption, development, and pupal weight of red-headed pine sawfly larvae reared within open-topped chambers (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 3 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Seedlings of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, were grown in open-topped chambers under four levels of CO2: two ambient and two elevated. Larvae of the red-headed pine sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei, were reared from early instar to pupation, primarily on branches within chambers. Larval growth and mortality were assessed and leaf phytochemistry samples of immature and mature leaves collected weekly. Mature leaves grown under elevated CO2 had significant reductions in leaf nitrogen and increases in non-structural carbohydrate contents, resulting in foliage being a poorer food source for larvae, i.e. higher carbohydrate:nitrogen ratio. Nutritional constituents of immature needles were unaffected by seedling CO2 treatment. Volatile mono- and sesquiterpenes were unrelated to plant CO2 treatments for either leaf age class. Larval consumption of immature needles significantly increased on seedlings grown under CO2 enrichment, while mature needle consumption was not different between the treatments. The average weight gain per larva significantly declined in late instar larvae consuming elevated CO2-grown needles. In spite of this reduced growth, neither the days to pupation nor pupal weights were different among the CO2 treatments. This study suggests that enriched CO2-induced alterations in pine needle phytochemistry can affect red-headed pine sawfly performance. However, compensatory measures by larvae, such as choosing to consume more nutritious immature needles, apparently helps offset enriched CO2-induced reductions in the leaf quality of mature needles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.00086.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf age effects of elevated CO2-grown white oak leaves on spring-feeding lepidopterans (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 4 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Folivorous insect responses to elevated CO2-grown tree species may be complicated by phytochemical changes as leaves age. For example, young expanding leaves in tree species may be less affected by enriched CO2-alterations in leaf phytochemistry than older mature leaves due to shorter exposure times to elevated CO2 atmospheres. This, in turn, could result in different effects on early vs. late instar larvae of herbivorous insects. To address this, seedlings of white oak (Quercus alba L.), grown in open-top chambers under ambient and elevated CO2, were fed to two important early spring feeding herbivores; gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.), and forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hübner). Young, expanding leaves were presented to early instar larvae, and older fully expanded or mature leaves to late instar larvae. Young leaves had significantly lower leaf nitrogen content and significantly higher total nonstructural carbohydrate:nitrogen ratio as plant CO2 concentration rose, while nonstructural carbohydrates and total carbon-based phenolics were unaffected by plant CO2 treatment. These phytochemical changes contributed to a significant reduction in the growth rate of early instar gypsy moth larvae, while growth rates of forest tent caterpillar were unaffected. The differences in insect responses were attributed to an increase in the nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) of early instar forest tent caterpillar larvae feeding on elevated CO2-grown leaves, while early instar gypsy moth larval NUE remained unchanged among the treatments. Later instar larvae of both insect species experienced larger reductions in foliage quality on elevated CO2-grown leaves than earlier instars, as the carbohydrate:nitrogen ratio of leaves substantially increased. Despite this, neither insect species exhibited changes in growth or consumption rates between CO2 treatments in the later instar. An increase in NUE was apparently responsible for offsetting reduced foliar nitrogen for the late instar larvae of both species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00127.x
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