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  • 1
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    Updating Landsat-derived land-cover maps using change detection and masking techniques (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The California Integrated Remote Sensing System's San Bernardino County Project was devised to study the utilization of a data base at a number of jurisdictional levels. The present paper discusses the implementation of change-detection and masking techniques in the updating of Landsat-derived land-cover maps. A baseline landcover classification was first created from a 1976 image, then the adjusted 1976 image was compared with a 1979 scene by the techniques of (1) multidate image classification, (2) difference image-distribution tails thresholding, (3) difference image classification, and (4) multi-dimensional chi-square analysis of a difference image. The union of the results of methods 1, 3 and 4 was used to create a mask of possible change areas between 1976 and 1979, which served to limit analysis of the update image and reduce comparison errors in unchanged areas. The techniques of spatial smoothing of change-detection products, and of combining results of difference change-detection algorithms are also shown to improve Landsat change-detection accuracies.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Impact of LANDSAT MSS sensor differences on change detection analysis (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Differences in overall sensor response, due to both factors within the sensor system, and external factors such as atmospheric effects, must be dealt with before change detection techniques using image differencing can be successfully implemented. The approach used to be coregister data to a base, followed by between image scatterogram generation and evaluation, and image differencing. Data from LANDSAT 2 and 3 were registered to LANDSAT 4 data. The area was limited to a small protion of the scene near the City of Santa Cruz because this was the only area cloud and haze free on all the images. Visual examination of each image, as well as the between image scatterograms, provide information on radiometric characteristics of each sensor. The image differencing, after normalizing for radiometric differences, provides a visual depiction of geometric distortions.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center LANDSAT-4 Sci. Characterization; 2 p
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Advanced communications technologies for image processing (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: It is essential for image analysts to have the capability to link to remote facilities as a means of accessing both data bases and high-speed processors. This can increase productivity through enhanced data access and minimization of delays. New technology is emerging to provide the high communication data rates needed in image processing. These developments include multi-user sharing of high bandwidth (60 megabits per second) Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) satellite links, low-cost satellite ground stations, and high speed adaptive quadrature modems that allow 9600 bit per second communications over voice-grade telephone lines.
    Keywords: SPACE COMMUNICATIONS, SPACECRAFT COMMUNICATIONS, COMMAND AND TRACKING
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    An application of expert systems technology to remotely sensed image analysis (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: In October of 1983, a project was initiated at NASA/Ames Research Center to design a prototype expert system capable of producing a preliminary land cover classification from an unsupervised classification of Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) imagery and associated collateral data. This paper outlines the problem of determining land cover classes from an unsupervised classification, presents a brief overview of expert systems, and continues with a description of the design and current state of implementation of NASA/Ames' prototype Landsat MSS image analysis expert system.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Impact of LANDSAT MSS Sensor Differences on Change Detection Analysis (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: Change detection techniques were used to pinpoint differences in the multispectral band scanners on LANDSAT 2, 3, and 4 satellites. The method of analysis was to co-register 512 by 512 pixel subwindows for all data pairs followed by scattergram generation and analysis. In all cases, the LANDSAT-4 data were used as the base to which other images were registered. There appear to be no major problems preventing use of LANDSAT-4 MSS with previous MSS sensors for charge detection, provided the interference noise can be removed or minimized. This noise may result in detection of spurious changes, as well as affect other uses of the data, including image classification. Analysis of dark (water and forests), rather than light features will be most impacted because the noise will form a higher percentage of the total response at low DN values. Any data normalizations for change detection should be based upon the data, rather than solely upon calibration information. While the observed relative radiometric transfer function between LANDSAT 3 and 4 was approximately as predicted, there were still significant deviations. Normalizing based upon data content also can have the advantage of allowing simultaneous normalization of the atmosphere as well as the radiometry.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center LANDSAT-4 Sci. Invest. Summ., Including Dec. 1983 Workshop Results, Vol. 2; p 87-90
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Energy Remote Sensing Applications Projects at the NASA Ames Research Center (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-09
    Description: The NASA Ames Research Center is active in energy projects primarily in the role of providing assistance to users in the solution of a number of problems related to energy. Data bases were produced which can be used, in combination with other sources of information, to solve spatially related energy problems. Six project activities at Ames are described which relate to energy and remote sensing. Two projects involve power demand forecasting and estimations using remote sensing and geographic information systems; two others involve transmission line routing and corridor analysis; one involves a synfuel user needs assessment through remote sensing; and the sixth involves the siting of energy facilities.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Marshall Univ. Proc. of the Natl. Conf. on Energy Resource Management, Vol. 2; p 543-551
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Statewide LANDSAT inventory of California forests (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Six forest cover categories were mapped, along with 10 general land cover classes. To map the state's 100 million acres, 1.6 acre mapping units were utilized. Map products were created. Standing forest acreage for the state was computed to be 26.8 million acres.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E81-10134 , NASA-TM-81255 , A-8445
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Impact of LANDSAT MSS sensor differences on change detection analysis (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Some 512 by 512 pixel subwindows for simultaneously acquired scene pairs obtained by LANDSAT 2,3 and 4 multispectral band scanners were coregistered using LANDSAT 4 scenes as the base to which the other images were registered. Scattergrams between the coregistered scenes (a form of contingency analysis) were used to radiometrically compare data from the various sensors. Mode values were derived and used to visually fit a linear regression. Root mean square errors of the registration varied between .1 and 1.5 pixels. There appear to be no major problem preventing the use of LANDSAT 4 MSS with previous MSS sensors for change detection, provided the noise interference can be removed or minimized. Data normalizations for change detection should be based on the data rather than solely on calibration information. This allows simultaneous normalization of the atmosphere as well as the radiometry.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E83-10395 , NASA-TM-85336 , NAS 1.15:85336
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Data-link alternatives for the NASA pilot data systems (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: There are several preliminary, or pilot, efforts for developing data systems for supporting NASA science research. The Pilot Data Systems consist of the Pilot Land Data System (PLDS), the Pilot Ocean Data System (PODS), the Pilot Climate Data System (PCDS), and the Pilot Planetary Data System (PPDS). The PLDS is likely to have the greatest communication needs of the various pilots. Communications issues and requirements are examined in the context of the mature PLDS as it may exist by 1990. The PLDS is seen as a distributed processing system linking resources at a number of NASA research centers and outside universities. Large image data sets, including LANDSAT scenes, are a major data type to be moved along the PLDS communications network. The unusually large size of these data files requires examining new technologies that may allow efficient and affordable communication at rates of up to 60 megabits per second. Potentially useful developments include portable satellite ground stations, and time division multiple access for sharing high-speed satellite links. Further pooling of communications for the various data systems into a single network would reduce costs and may make economic justification of access to the required data rates possible.
    Keywords: SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
    Type: NASA-TM-85999 , A-9842 , NAS 1.15:85999
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Wildland inventory and resource modeling for Douglas and Carson City Counties, Nevada, using LANDSAT and digital terrain data (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The potential of using LANDSAT satellite imagery to map and inventory pinyon-juniper desert forest types in Douglas and Carson City Counties, Nevada was demonstrated. Specific map and statistical products produced include land cover, mechanical operations capability, big game winter range habitat, fire hazard, and forest harvestability. The Nevada Division of Forestry determined that LANDSAT can produce a reliable and low-cost resource data. Added benefits become apparent when the data are linked to a geographical information system (GIS) containing existing ownership, planning, elevation, slope, and aspect information.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E83-10302 , NASA-TP-2137 , A-8997 , NAS 1.60:2137
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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