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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping of QTL controlling NIR predicted hot water extract and grain nitrogen content in a spring barley cross using marker-regression (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 116 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) map constructed from 99 doubled haploid lines of a cross between two spring barley varieties (‘;Blenheim’בKym’) was used to map QTL controlling hot water extract and grain nitrogen content (predicted by analysis with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy). Eight QTL affecting predicted hot water extract were identified by a marker-regression approach. The largest effects were found on chromosomes 3HL, associated with the denso dwarfing gene which is present in‘Blenheim’and conferred poorer predicted hot water extract quality, and 4HL. Other QTL were detected on chromosomes IHS. IHL. 2HS, 2HL. 5HL and 6HS. Analysis of single markers by analysis of variance detected an additional effect on chromosome 1H. Eight QTL affecting predicted grain nitrogen content were identified by marker-regression, on chromosomes 1HS, 1HL. 2HL. 5HS, 6H, 7HS and 7HL. There was also evidence for an additional QTL on chromosome 5HL. The positions of the grain nitrogen content QTL on 5HS and 5HL are comparable to QTL on wheat chromosomes 5A and 5D that affect grain protein content. The denso gene had no detectable effect on grain nitrogen content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1997.tb02168.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assignment of the denso Dwarfing Gene to the Long Arm of Chromosome 3(3H) of Barley by Use of RFLP Markers (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 111 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: RFLP analysis of 105 doubled haploid lines from a cross between the barley varieties ‘Magnum’ and ‘Goldmarker’ located the denso dwarfing gene on the long arm of chromosome 3(3H), approximately 8 cM distal to the RFLP locus Xpsrl70. Lines with the denso gene showed a distinctive prostrate juvenile growth habit and tended to have later ear emergence times and lower plant grain weights, ear grain weights and 50 grain weights.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00630.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors Affecting Fertilization Frequency in Crosses of Triticum aestivum cv. ‘Highbury’×Zea mays cv. ‘Seneca 60’; (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 103 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Crosses of ‘Highbury’בSeneca 60’ were studied to determine the effect of four crossing procedures on the frequency of fertilization. The procedures were: 1) glumes of emasculated florets left intact, 2) glumes cut to expose the stigmas, 3) intact glumes given a 75 mg 1-1 GA spray 2 h after pollination, and 4) cut glumes given a 75 mg 1-1 GA spray 2 h after pollination. Within each treatment florets with developmental ages ranging from 3 days before an-thesis to 3 days after anthesis were pollinated. Fertilized florets were found in all four treatments. Overall, 20.2 % had only an embryo, 2.5 % had only an endosperm and 7.9 % had an embryo and an endosperm. Significant variation in the frequency of embryo formation, and hence in the frequency of potential plants, was found both between treatments and between developmental stages within treatments. The highest frequency (55.8 % of pollinated florets) was found in florets with intact glumes which had not received a GA spray and which had been pollinated on the day of anthesis. Cutting the glumes to expose the stigmas, pollinating earlier or later than the day of anthesis or application of a GA spray all tended to reduce the number of embryos. This was also the case when the total fertilization frequencies (embryos plus endosperms) were analyzed. The potential of wheat × maize crosses for wheat haploid production is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00361.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High Frequencies of Fertilization and Haploid Seedling Production in Crosses Between Commercial Hexaploid Wheat Varieties and Maize (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 106 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Nineteen commercial hexaploid wheat varieties were crossed with the maize F1 hybrid ‘Seneca 60’. Fertilization frequencies ranged from 32.1 % to 47.5 % of pollinated florets (mean 39.5 %) in the 14 winter wheat varieties and from 40.7 % to 51.4 % (mean 47.8 %) in the five spring wheat varieties. In some cases only an endosperm was formed and the frequencies of embryo formation were therefore slightly lower, being 28.2 % to 45.9 % (mean 36.4 %) for winter wheats and 39.8 % to 48.6 % (mean 45.1 %) for spring wheats. Mean values were significantly higher in the spring wheats but no significant variation was found between varieties within the spring or winter categories. In the five spring wheats the mean yield of embryos, and hence the potential yield of haploid plants, was 3.4-fold higher than with the tetraploid Hordeum bulbosum clone PB179. For the 14 winter wheats the figure was 10.9-fold higher. These differences were highly significant (p 〈 0.001) in all varieties. A single 2,4-D treatment given to spikes one day after pollination with maize enabled embryos to be recovered from all 19 varieties. A total of 311 embryos were recovered from 950 florets (an average of 7.3 embryos per spike) of which 191 germinated, giving an average yield of one haploid plant for every 5.0 florets pollinated (4.4 haploid plants per spike).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00499.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytological Evidence for Fertilization in Hexaploid Wheat × Sorghum Crosses (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 100 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Crosses were made between the hexaploid wheat ‘Chinese Spring’ (2n = 42) and the diploid grain sorghum ‘S9B’ (2n = 20). Sixty-nine out of 100 florets fixed 48 h after pollination contained an embryo, an endosperm, or both, a remarkably high frequency in view of the taxonomic distance spanned by the cross. Percentages of single or double fertilization ranged from 50 % to 91 % for individual spikes. The hybrid origin of the embryos was confirmed by examining zygotes from spikes fixed 25 to 27 h after pollination. Seven of the 8 zygotes in which chromosomes were sufficiently contracted to be counted contained 21 large wheat chromosomes and 10 much smaller sorghum chromosomes. The eighth contained 21 chromosomes from wheat and 20 from sorghum. Sorghum chromosomes did not appear to be attached to the spindle in zygote nietaphases and showed no evidence of movement towards the spindle poles in the single zygote anaphase found. Embryos with two or more cells invariably contained one or more micronuclei and metaphases in embryos with three or more cells contained only 21 wheat chromosomes showing that sorghum chromosomes were rapidly eliminated. Endosperm, when present, was always highly abnormal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00220.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early post-pollination events in hexaploid wheat × maize crosses (1990)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 3 (1990), S. 70-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Wheat ; Maize ; Hybridization ; Fertilization ; Karyogamy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cytological events in the first 12 h after pollination were studied in crosses between the hexaploid wheat genotype Chinese Spring and the maize genotype Seneca 60. A pollen tube was first observed in the embryo sac 4 h after pollination, and maize sperm nuclei were first observed in the embryo sac after 5 h. On 29 occasions two, and on 1 occasion three, pollen tubes penetrated the embryo sac. Four categories of aberration limiting the frequency of fertilization were identified: (1) in 20% of florets no pollen tube reached the embryo sac; (2) in at least 1.9% the pollen tube severely damaged the wheat egg cell and polar nuclei; (3) in 33% the maize sperm nuclei were not released from the pollen tube; and (4) in 16% the sperm nuclei were released into the embryo sac but failed to move to either of the wheat gametes. In the remaining 29% sperm nuclei were more often found in the egg cell than at the polar nuclei. The results suggest that karyogamy occurs with very high efficiency when a sperm nucleus reaches the egg cell, but with only about 50% efficiency when a sperm nucleus reaches the polar nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189954
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The production of haploid wheat plants from wheat x maize crosses (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 393-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Maize ; Wide-crosses ; Embryo culture ; Haploids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Hybrid embryos from hexaploid wheat x maize crosses rapidly lose the maize chromosomes to produce haploid wheat embryos. Such embryos almost always aborted when left to develop on the plant, and only 1 was recovered from 2440 florets (0.17% of the expected number). Embryos had greater viability in spikelet culture, 47 (26.5% of the expected number) being recovered from 706 ovaries. Thirty-two of these embryos germinated to give green plants, 31 of which were haploid (21 wheat chromosomes) and 1 of which was euploid (42 wheat chromosomes). Spikelet culture enabled 17.1% of the expected number of embryos to be recovered as haploid plants, a 100-fold improvement on allowing embryos to develop in vivo. Ten haploid plants of ‘Chinese Spring’ (kr1, kr2), 13 plants of ‘Chinese Spring (Hope 5A)’ (kr1, Kr2), and 8 of ‘Hope’ (Kr1, Kr2) were recovered. The potential of wheat x maize crosses for wheat haploid production and for gene transfer from maize to wheat is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265339
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the crossability loci Kr1 and Kr2 on fertilization frequency in hexaploid wheat x maize crosses (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 403-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Maize ; Crossability genes ; Chromosome elimination ; Haploids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Dominant alleles of the Kr1 and Kr2 genes reduce the crossability of hexaploid wheat with many alien species, including rye and Hordeum bulbosum, with Kr1 having the greater effect. However, a cytological study of wheat ovaries fixed 48 h after pollination showed that the wheat genotypes ‘Highbury’ (kr1, Kr2) and ‘Chinese Spring (Hope 5B)’ (kr1, kr2) were crossable with ‘Seneca 60’ maize, fertilization occurring in 14.4 and 30.7% of embryo sacs respectively. The latter figure was similar to the 29.7% fertilization found in ‘Chinese Spring’ (kr1, kr2). Most embryo sacs in which fertilization occurred contained an embryo but lacked an endosperm and where an endosperm was formed it was usually highly aberrant. All three wheat x maize combinations were karyotypically unstable and rapidly eliminated maize chromosomes to produce haploid wheat embryos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262508
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The agronomic performance of wheat doubled haploid lines derived from wheat x maize crosses (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 79 (1990), S. 813-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Maize ; Hordeum bulbosum ; Doubled haploids ; Gametoclonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The agronomic performance of 9 doubled haploid (DH) lines of Chinese Spring, 6 DH lines of Hope, 14 DH lines of the single chromosome substitution line Chinese Spring (Hope 5 A) and their respective parents was analyzed under field conditions. Seventeen Chinese Spring DH lines derived from wheat x Hordeum bulbosum crosses were also included for comparison. No significant variation was detected in either population of Chinese Spring DH lines and neither DH population differed from its parent. The Hope DH lines differed significantly for tiller biomass, spikelet number per ear, ear grain weight and 50-grain weight. However, all the variation could be attributed to the poor performance of only one line. Chinese Spring (Hope 5 A) DH lines showed significant variation for ear emergence time, but this was probably due to genetic heterogeneity in the parental stock. Overall, the results suggest that most DH lines produced by the wheat x maize method resemble their wheat parent, and that the variation induced in DH production is likely to be similar to that found in DHs from wheat x Hordeum bulbosum crosses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224250
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of RFLP markers on chromosome 2(2H) of barley in relation to the physical and genetic location of 5S rDNA (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 87 (1993), S. 177-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Barley ; RFLP ; 5S rDNA ; Genetic mapping ; Physical mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The 5S rDNA locus on the long arm of barley chromosome 2(2H) was genetically mapped in two crosses in relation to 30 other RFLP loci. Comparison of the genetic maps with the previously published physical position of the 5S rDNA, determined by in-situ hybridization, showed that there was a marked discrepancy between physical and genetic distance in both crosses, with recombination being less frequent in the proximal part of the arm. Pooled information from the present study and other published genetic maps showed that at least 26 of the 44 (59%) RFLPs that have been mapped on 2(2H)L lie distal to the 5S rDNA locus even though this region is only 27% of the physical length of the arm. The distribution of RFLP markers is significantly different from expected (P 〈 0.01), implying that the low-copy sequences used for RFLP analysis occur more frequently in distal regions of the arm and, or, that sequences in distal regions are more polymorphic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223762
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