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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-10-05
    Description: Over 60 years of nuclear activities have resulted in a global legacy of radioactive wastes, with uranium considered a key radionuclide in both disposal and contaminated land scenarios. With the understanding that U has been incorporated into a range of iron (oxyhydr)oxides, these minerals may be considered a secondary barrier to the migration of radionuclides in the environment. However, the long-term stability of U-incorporated iron (oxyhydr)oxides is largely unknown, with the end-fate of incorporated species potentially impacted by biogeochemical processes. In particular, studies show that significant electron transfer may occur between stable iron (oxyhydr)oxides such as goethite and adsorbed Fe(II). These interactions can also induce varying degrees of iron (oxyhydr)oxide recrystallization (〈4% to 〉90%). Here, the fate of U(VI)-incorporated goethite during exposure to Fe(II) was investigated using geochemical analysis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Analysis of XAS spectra revealed that incorporated U(VI) was reduced to U(V) as the reaction with Fe(II) progressed, with minimal recrystallization (approximately 2%) of the goethite phase. These results therefore indicate that U may remain incorporated within goethite as U(V) even under iron-reducing conditions. This develops the concept of iron (oxyhydr)oxides acting as a secondary barrier to radionuclide migration in the environment.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Sediment mass accumulation rate (MAR) is a proxy for paleoceanographic conditions, especially if biological productivity generated most of the sediment. We determine MAR records from pelagic calcareous sediments in Tasman Sea based on analysis of 11 boreholes and 〉3 million seismic reflection horizon picks. Seismic data from regions of 10,000–30,000 km2 around each borehole were analyzed using data from International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 371 and other boreholes. Local MAR was affected by deepwater currents that winnowed, eroded, or deposited seafloor sediment. Therefore, it is necessary to average MARs across regions to test paleoceanographic and productivity models. MARs during the Miocene Climate optimum (18–14 Ma) were slightly lower than Quaternary values but increased on southern Lord Howe Rise at 14–13 Ma, when global climate became colder. Intensification of the Indian and East Asian monsoons at ∼8 Ma and ∼3.6 Ma approximately corresponds to the start and end, respectively, of the Biogenic Bloom, which had MARs at least double Quaternary values. On northern Lord Howe Rise, we recognize peak MARs at∼7 Ma and ∼5 Ma. There is no correlation between Neogene MAR and ocean pH or atmospheric CO2 concentration. Neogene MARs are on average higher than Quaternary values. We posit that future long-term productivity in the southwest Pacific could be higher than Quaternary values, but new computer models that can fit our observations are required to test this hypothesis.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Rapid onset of subduction tectonics across the western Pacific convergent margins in the early Eocene was followed by a slower phase of margin growth of the proto Tonga-Kermadec subduction system north of Zealandia during a middle Eocene phase of tectonic adjustment. We present new age constraints from International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 371 borehole data on deformation events in northern Zealandian sediments that document the formation of the convergent margin boundary northwest of New Zealand. The deformation shows a shortening event that lasted up to 20 myr and acted over distances of ∼1000 km inboard of the evolving plate margin, just northwest of New Zealand. Multichannel seismic profiles tied to our new borehole sites show shortening occurred predominantly between 45 and 35 Ma with some deformation related to slope failure continuing into the Oligocene. The termination of shortening is linked to opening of the backarc basins of the southwest Pacific and the migration of the Tonga-Kermadec Trench to the east which may have removed the structural evidence of the Eocene plate margin. Palaeogene deformation observed inboard of the evolving proto Tonga-Kermadec subduction system indicates that the lithosphere of northern Zealandia, a region of thin continental crust, was strong enough to act as a stress guide. Compressive stresses that caused intraplate folding and faulting developed behind the initiating subduction system with the finite period of deformation indicating the time frame over which an active convergent margin lay along the northern margin of Zealandia.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Data from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 371 reveal vertical movements of 1–3 km in northern Zealandia during early Cenozoic subduction initiation in the western Pacific Ocean. Lord Howe Rise rose from deep (∼1 km) water to sea level and subsided back, with peak uplift at 50 Ma in the north and between 41 and 32 Ma in the south. The New Caledonia Trough subsided 2–3 km between 55 and 45 Ma. We suggest these elevation changes resulted from crust delamination and mantle flow that led to slab formation. We propose a “subduction resurrection” model in which (1) a subduction rupture event activated lithospheric-scale faults across a broad region during less than ∼5 m.y., and (2) tectonic forces evolved over a further 4–8 m.y. as subducted slabs grew in size and drove plate-motion change. Such a subduction rupture event may have involved nucleation and lateral propagation of slip-weakening rupture along an interconnected set of preexisting weaknesses adjacent to density anomalies.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 7140-7151 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction probabilities of GeH4 and Ge2H6 on the Ge(100) and Ge(111) surfaces have been measured as a function of substrate temperature, incident kinetic energy, and angle of incidence employing supersonic molecular beam scattering techniques. At sufficiently large incident kinetic energies (Ei(approximately-greater-than)1 eV) both GeH4 and Ge2H6 react by direct dissociative chemisorption on both surfaces examined, with the reaction probability increasing approximately exponentially with increasing (scaled) incident kinetic energy. At moderate kinetic energies (Ei∼0.4 eV), however, Ge2H6 reacts by a precursor-mediated mechanism on Ge(100), as demonstrated by a decrease in the reaction probability with either increasing substrate temperature or incident kinetic energy. Interestingly, under similar conditions, no evidence is found for precursor-mediated adsorption of Ge2H6 on the Ge(111) surface. The reaction of Ge2H6 does not exhibit a GeH4 production channel on either Ge(100) or Ge(111) for the conditions examined here. The results obtained at high incident kinetic energies ((approximately-greater-than)1 eV) are well described by a statistical model based upon a Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) framework. The moderate incident kinetic energy results for Ge2H6 on Ge(100) are well described by a model that assumes reaction via a trapping, precursor-mediated mechanism. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 817-819 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recent experimental results concerning Ge segregation in Si1−xGex epitaxial thin films deposited on Si(100) substrates using Si2H6 and GeH4 cannot be accounted for by a simple two-site model involving surface and bulk states. This is due to Ge enrichment in the subsurface layers. Here, we demonstrate that a simple model based on the regular solution theory, which invokes both nearest, and next-nearest neighbor interactions, can explain the Ge enrichment in the subsurface. A computer simulation using the Monte Carlo method verifies the assumptions made in the model, and both methods show excellent agreement with the experimental data. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 2181-2183 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present here a low-temperature (Ts〈630 °C) process for the selective epitaxial growth of Si that employs atomic hydrogen. Modulation of both the substrate temperature and the flux of atomic hydrogen gives alternating growth and suppression/etching cycles, resulting in a significant increase in selectivity. Epitaxial thin-film quality is essentially unaffected, as verified by in situ analysis via low-energy electron diffraction, and ex situ analysis via scanning electron and atomic-force microscopy. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2027-2029 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low-energy ion scattering spectrometry (LEISS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been employed to quantify in situ the near-surface composition of strained Si1−xGex epitaxial thin films grown on Si(100) substrates using GeH4 and Si2H6 as sources. The use of LEISS reveals the Ge concentration in essentially the first monolayer, whereas XPS is sensitive to several monolayers. We find that the extent of Ge surface segregation implied by each technique follows the trend: LEISS-Ge%(very-much-greater-than)XPS-Ge%(very-much-greater-than)bulk-Ge%. A two-site model (involving surface and bulk states) cannot account for both the XPS and LEISS results, rather a model invoking Ge enrichment in the subsurface layers is required to explain the data. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Crop Protection 2 (1983), S. 75-83 
    ISSN: 0261-2194
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects 630 (1980), S. 165-175 
    ISSN: 0304-4165
    Keywords: (Endoplasmic reticulum) ; ATPase ; Ca^2^+ uptake ; Hormone sensitivity ; cyclic AMP
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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