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  • 1
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    Chiral amplification of oligopeptides in two-dimensional crystalline self-assemblies on water (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-12
    Description: Differences in the two-dimensional packing arrangements of racemic and enantiomeric crystalline self-assemblies on the water surface of amphiphilic activated analogs of lysine and glutamic acid have been used to prepare oligopeptides of homochiral sequence and oligopeptides of single handedness from chiral nonracemic mixtures. The crystalline structures on the water surface were determined by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and the diastereomeric composition of the oligopeptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry with enantio-labeling. These results suggest that reactivity of ordered clusters at interfaces might have played a role in the generation of early homochiral biopolymers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zepik, Helmut -- Shavit, Edna -- Tang, Mao -- Jensen, Torben R -- Kjaer, Kristian -- Bolbach, Gerard -- Leiserowitz, Leslie -- Weissbuch, Isabelle -- Lahav, Meir -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 15;295(5558):1266-9. Epub 2002 Jan 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11786606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biopolymers ; Crystallization ; Glutamic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry ; Lysine/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry ; Oligopeptides/*chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Stereoisomerism ; Water ; X-Ray Diffraction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    A Synchrotron X-ray Study of a Solid-Solid Phase Transition in a Two-Dimensional Crystal (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1988-12-02
    Description: A measurement and interpretation on a molecular level of a phase transition in an ordered Langmuir monolayer is reported. The diagram of surface pressure (pi) versus molecular area of a monolayer of chiral (S)-[CF(3)-(CF(2))(9)-(CH(2))(2)-OCO-CH(2)-CH (NH(3)(+))CO(2)(-)] over water shows a change in slope at about pi(s)= 25 millinewtons per meter. Grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction and specular reflectivity measurements indicate a solid-solid phase transition at pi(s). The diffraction pattren at low pressures reveals two diffraction peaks of equal intensities, with lattice spacings d of 5.11 and 5.00 angstroms; these coalesce for pi 〉/=pi(s). Structural models that fit the diffraction data show that at pi〉 pi(s) the molecules pack in a two-dimensional crystal with the molecules aligned vertically. At pi 〈 pi(s) there is a molecular tilt of 16 degrees +/- 7 degrees . Independent x-ray reflectivity data yield a tilt of 26 degrees +/- 7 degrees . Concomitant with the tilt, the diffraction data indicate a transition from a hexagonal to a distorted-hexagonal lattice. The hexagonal arrangement is favored because the -(CF(2))(9)CF(3) moiety adopts a helical conformation. Compression to 70 millinewtons per meter yields a unit cell with increased crystallinity and a coherence length exceeding 1000 angstroms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolf, S G -- Landau, E M -- Lahav, M -- Leiserowitz, L -- Deutsch, M -- Kjaer, K -- Als-Nielsen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 2;242(4883):1286-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17817076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 3
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    Ice nucleation by alcohols arranged in monolayers at the surface of water drops (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-11-16
    Description: Monolayers of aliphatic long-chain alcohols induced nucleation of ice at temperatures approaching 0 degrees C, in contrast with water-soluble alcohols, which are effective antifreeze agents. The corresponding fatty acids, or alcohols with bulky hydrophobic groups, induce freezing at temperatures as much as 12 degrees C lower. The freezing point induced by the amphiphilic alcohols was sensitive not only to surface area per molecule but, for the aliphatic series (C(n)H(2n + 1)OH), to chain length and parity. The freezing point for chains with n odd reached an asymptotic temperature of 0 degrees C for an upper value of n = 31; for n even the freezing point reached a plateau of -8 degrees C for n in the upper range of 22 to 30. The higher freezing point induced by the aliphatic alcohols is due to formation of ordered clusters in the uncompressed state as detected by grazing incidence synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements. The diffraction data indicate a close lattice match with the ab layer of hexagonal ice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gavish, M -- Popovitz-Biro, R -- Lahav, M -- Leiserowitz, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 16;250(4983):973-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17746923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 4
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    Molecular recognition at crystal interfaces (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-08-09
    Description: Nucleation, growth, and dissolution of crystals have been studied by stereochemical approach involving molecular recognition at interfaces. A methodology is described for using ;;tailor-made'' additives designed to interact stereospecifically with crystal surfaces during growth and dissolution. This procedure was instrumental in controlling crystal morphology and in revising the concept of the structure and symmetry of solid solutions. Consequently, it was applied to the transformation of centrosymmetric single crystals into solid solutions with polar arrangement displaying second-harmonic generation and to the performance of asymmetric synthesis of guest molecules inside centrosymmetric host crystals. The method has led to a discovery of a new ;;relay'' mechanism explaining the effect of solvent on crystal growth. Finally, it allowed for the design of auxiliary molecules that act as promoters or inhibitors of crystal nucleation that can be used to resolve enantiomers and crystallize desired polymorphs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weissbuch, I -- Addadi, L -- Leiserowitz, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 9;253(5020):637-45.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17772367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 5
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    Crystallinity of the double layer of cadmium arachidate films at the water surface (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-06-14
    Description: A crystalline counterionic layer at the interface between an electrolyte solution and a charged layer of insoluble amphiphilic molecules was observed with grazing incidence synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Uncompressed arachidic films spread over 10(-3) molar cadmium chloride solution (pH 8.8) spontaneously form crystalline clusters with coherence lengths of approximately 1000 angstroms at 9 degrees C. Ten distinct diffraction peaks were observed, seven of which were attributed to scattering only from a crystalline Cd(2+) layer and the other three to scattering primarily from the arachidate layer. The reflections from the Cd(2+) layer were indexed according to a 2 x 3 supercell of the arachidate lattice with three Cd(2+) ions per cadmium unit cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leveiller, F -- Jacquemain, D -- Lahav, M -- Leiserowitz, L -- Deutsch, M -- Kjaer, K -- Als-Nielsen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 14;252(5012):1532-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17834878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 6
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    Intercalation of sea urchin proteins in calcite: study of a crystalline composite material (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-02
    Description: Sea urchin skeletal elements are composed of single crystals of calcite. Unlike their synthetic counterparts, these crystals do not have well-developed cleavage and are consequently much more resistant to fracture. This phenomenon is due in part to the presence of acidic glycoproteins occluded within the crystals. By means of x-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation, it is shown that the presence of the protein in synthetic calcite only slightly decreases the coherence length but significantly increases the angular spread of perfect domains of the crystals. In biogenic calcite, the coherence length is 1/3 to 1/4 as much as that in synthetic calcite and the angular spread is 20 to 50 times as wide. It is proposed that the presence of macromolecules concentrated at mosaic boundaries that are oblique to deavage planes is responsible for the change in fracture properties. These results may be important in the material sciences, because of the unusual nature of this material, namely, a composite based on the controlled intercalation of macromolecules inside single-crystal lattices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berman, A -- Addadi, L -- Kvick, A -- Leiserowitz, L -- Nelson, M -- Weiner, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 2;250(4981):664-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17810868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 7
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    Formation of Chiral Interdigitated Multilayers at the Air-Liquid Interface Through Acid-Base Interactions (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-20
    Description: Thin interdigitated films composed of a long-chain, water-insoluble chiral acid (p-pentadecylmandelic acid of absolute configuration R) and a water-soluble chiral base (phenylethylamine, R') were constructed at the air-solution interface. The (R, R') structure was characterized to near-atomic resolution by grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXD). The two diastereomeric systems, (R, R') and (R, S'), demonstrate similar surface pressure-molecular area isotherms, but their structures are completely different on the molecular level, as monitored by GIXD. Complementary data on these two architectures were provided by atomic force microscopy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuzmenko I -- Buller -- Bouwman -- Kjaer -- Als-Nielsen -- Lahav -- Leiserowitz -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2046-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉I. Kuzmenko, R. Buller, M. Lahav, L. Leiserowitz, Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. W. G. Bouwman and K. Kjaer, Department of Solid State Physics, Riso National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. J. Als-Nielsen, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Orsted Laboratory, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953028" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 8
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    Biological control of crystal texture: a widespread strategy for adapting crystal properties to function (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1993-02-05
    Description: Textures of calcite crystals from a variety of mineralized tissues belonging to organisms from four phyla were examined with high-resolution synchrotron x-ray radiation. Significant differences in coherence length and angular spread were observed between taxonomic groups. Crystals from polycrystalline skeletal ensembles were more perfect than those that function as single-crystal elements. Different anisotropic effects on crystal texture were observed for sea urchin and mollusk calcite crystals, whereas none was found for the foraminifer, Patellina, and the control calcite crystals. These results show that the manipulation of crystal texture in different organisms is under biological control and that crystal textures in some tissues are adapted to function. A better understanding of this apparently widespread biological phenomenon may provide new insights for improving synthetic crystal-containing materials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berman, A -- Hanson, J -- Leiserowitz, L -- Koetzle, T F -- Weiner, S -- Addadi, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Feb 5;259(5096):776-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17809339" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 9
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    Control of structure and growth of polymorphic crystalline thin films of amphiphilic molecules on liquid surfaces (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1994-06-10
    Description: The spontaneous formation and coexistence of crystalline polymorphic trilayer domains in amphiphilic films at air-liquid interfaces is demonstrated by grazing incidence synchrotron x-ray diffraction. These polymorphic crystallites may serve as models for the early stages of crystal nucleation and growth, helping to elucidate the manner in which additives influence the progress of crystal nucleation, growth, and polymorphism and suggesting ways of selectively generating and controlling multilayers on liquid surfaces. Auxiliary molecules have been designed to selectively inhibit development of the polymorphs, leading primarily to a single phase monolayer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinbach, S P -- Kjaer, K -- Bouwman, W G -- Grubel, G -- Legrand, J F -- Als-Nielsen, J -- Lahav, M -- Leiserowitz, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 10;264(5165):1566-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17769599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 10
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    Crystalline polymorph construction: correction (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1994-12-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leiserowitz, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 16;266(5192):1791-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17737057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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