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  • 1
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    Coral thermal tolerance shaped by local adaptation of photosymbionts (2012)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-28
    Description: Coral thermal tolerance shaped by local adaptation of photosymbionts Nature Climate Change 2, 116 18122011 doi: 10.1038/nclimate1330 E. J. Howells V. H. Beltran N. W. Larsen L. K. Bay B. L. Willis M. J. H. van Oppen An analysis shows that the coral endosymbiont Symbiodinium—a dinoflagellate genus underpinning the ecological and evolutionary success of reef corals—can adapt to local thermal regimes, thereby shaping the fitness of coral hosts. This may explain why many corals show fidelity for single Symbiodinium types over wide thermal ranges.
    Print ISSN: 1758-678X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-6798
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    Complex diel cycles of gene expression in coral-algal symbiosis (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-15
    Description: Circadian regulation of plant-animal endosymbioses is complicated by a diversity of internal and external cues. Here, we show that stress-related genes in corals are coupled to the circadian clock, anticipating major changes in the intracellular milieu. In this regard, numerous chaperones are "hard-wired" to the clock, effectively preparing the coral for the consequences of oxidative protein damage imposed by symbiont photosynthesis (when O(2) 〉 250% saturation), including synexpression of antioxidant genes being light-gated. Conversely, central metabolism appears to be regulated by the hypoxia-inducible factor system in coral. These results reveal the complexity of endosymbiosis as well as the plasticity regulation downstream of the circadian clock.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levy, O -- Kaniewska, P -- Alon, S -- Eisenberg, E -- Karako-Lampert, S -- Bay, L K -- Reef, R -- Rodriguez-Lanetty, M -- Miller, D J -- Hoegh-Guldberg, O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 14;331(6014):175. doi: 10.1126/science.1196419.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21233378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/*genetics/physiology ; Biosynthetic Pathways/genetics ; *Circadian Clocks ; Circadian Rhythm ; Dinoflagellida/*physiology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Glycolysis/genetics ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Chaperones/genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Stress, Physiological ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    CORAL REEFS. Genomic determinants of coral heat tolerance across latitudes (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-27
    Description: As global warming continues, reef-building corals could avoid local population declines through "genetic rescue" involving exchange of heat-tolerant genotypes across latitudes, but only if latitudinal variation in thermal tolerance is heritable. Here, we show an up-to-10-fold increase in odds of survival of coral larvae under heat stress when their parents come from a warmer lower-latitude location. Elevated thermal tolerance was associated with heritable differences in expression of oxidative, extracellular, transport, and mitochondrial functions that indicated a lack of prior stress. Moreover, two genomic regions strongly responded to selection for thermal tolerance in interlatitudinal crosses. These results demonstrate that variation in coral thermal tolerance across latitudes has a strong genetic basis and could serve as raw material for natural selection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dixon, Groves B -- Davies, Sarah W -- Aglyamova, Galina A -- Meyer, Eli -- Bay, Line K -- Matz, Mikhail V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 26;348(6242):1460-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1261224.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 205 W. 24th Street C0990, Austin, TX 78712, USA. ; Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3106 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. ; Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, Queensland 4810, Australia. l.bay@aims.gov.au matz@utexas.edu. ; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 205 W. 24th Street C0990, Austin, TX 78712, USA. l.bay@aims.gov.au matz@utexas.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acclimatization/*genetics ; Animals ; Anthozoa/*genetics/*physiology ; *Coral Reefs ; Extinction, Biological ; Gene Expression ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Markers ; *Global Warming ; *Hot Temperature ; Larva/genetics/physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; Stress, Physiological/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Functional genomic analysis of corals from natural CO2-seeps reveals core molecular responses involved in acclimatization to ocean acidification (2017)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2017-07-21
    Description: Little is known about the potential for acclimatization or adaptation of corals to ocean acidification and even less about the molecular mechanisms underpinning these processes. Here we examine global gene expression patterns in corals and their intracellular algal symbionts from two replicate population pairs in Papua New Guinea that have undergone long-term acclimatization to natural variation in pCO 2 . In the coral host, only 61 genes were differentially expressed in response to pCO 2 environment, but the pattern of change was highly consistent between replicate populations, likely reflecting the core expression homeostasis response to ocean acidification. Functional annotations highlight lipid metabolism and a change in the stress response capacity of corals as key parts of this process. Specifically, constitutive downregulation of molecular chaperones was observed, which may impact response to combined climate-change related stressors. Elevated CO 2 has been hypothesized to benefit photosynthetic organisms but expression changes of in hospite Symbiodinium in response to acidification were greater and less consistent among reef populations. This population-specific response suggests hosts may need to adapt not only to an acidified environment, but also to changes in their Symbiodinium populations that may not be consistent among environments, adding another challenging dimension to the physiological process of coping with climate change. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    rare symbionts affect bleaching recovery (2016)
    Royal Society
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-01
    Description: Sensitive molecular analyses show that most corals host a complement of Symbiodinium genotypes that includes thermo-tolerant types in low abundance. While tolerant symbiont types are hypothesized to facilitate tolerance to temperature and recovery from bleaching, empirical data on their distribution and relative abundance in corals under ambient and stress conditions are still rare. We quantified visual bleaching and mortality of coral hosts, along with relative abundance of C- and D-type Symbiodinium cells in 82 Acropora millepora colonies from three locations on the Great Barrier Reef transplanted to a central inshore site over a 13 month period. Our analyses reveal dynamic change in symbiont associations within colonies and among populations over time. Coral bleaching and declines in C- but not D-type symbionts were observed in transplanted corals. Survival and recovery of 25% of corals from one population was associated with either initial D-dominance or an increase in D-type symbionts that could be predicted by a minimum pre-stress D : C ratio of 0.003. One-third of corals from this population became D dominated at the bleached stage despite no initial detection of this symbiont type, but failed to recover and died in mid to late summer. These results provide a predictive threshold minimum density of background D-type symbionts in A. millepora, above which survival following extreme thermal stress is increased.
    Keywords: molecular biology, ecology, evolution
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 6
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    Genes for de novo biosynthesis of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are widespread in animals (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-03
    Description: Marine ecosystems are responsible for virtually all production of omega-3 (3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which are essential nutrients for vertebrates. Current consensus is that marine microbes account for this production, given their possession of key enzymes including methyl-end (or "x") desaturases. x desaturases have also been described in a small number of invertebrate animals, but their precise distribution has not been systematically explored. This study identifies 121 x desaturase sequences from 80 species within the Cnidaria, Rotifera, Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda. Horizontal gene transfer has contributed to this hitherto unknown widespread distribution. Functional characterization of animal x desaturases provides evidence that multiple invertebrates have the ability to produce 3 PUFA de novo and further biosynthesize 3 long-chain PUFA. This finding represents a fundamental revision in our understanding of 3 long-chain PUFA production in global food webs, by revealing that numerous widespread and abundant invertebrates have the endogenous capacity to make significant contributions beyond that coming from marine microbes.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Evolutionary Consequences of DNA Methylation in a Basal Metazoan (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-19
    Description: Gene body methylation (gbM) is an ancestral and widespread feature in Eukarya, yet its adaptive value and evolutionary implications remain unresolved. The occurrence of gbM within protein-coding sequences is particularly puzzling, because methylation causes cytosine hypermutability and hence is likely to produce deleterious amino acid substitutions. We investigate this enigma using an evolutionarily basal group of Metazoa, the stony corals (order Scleractinia, class Anthozoa, phylum Cnidaria). We show that patterns of coral gbM are similar to other invertebrate species, predicting wide and active transcription and slower sequence evolution. We also find a strong correlation between gbM and codon bias, resulting from systematic replacement of CpG bearing codons. We conclude that gbM has strong effects on codon evolution and speculate that this may influence establishment of optimal codons.
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Maternal effects on coral juveniles (2016)
    Royal Society
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    Publication Date: 2016-10-21
    Description: Coral endosymbionts in the dinoflagellate genus Symbiodinium are known to impact host physiology and have led to the evolution of reef-building, but less is known about how symbiotic communities in early life-history stages and their interactions with host parental identity shape the structure of coral communities on reefs. Differentiating the roles of environmental and biological factors driving variation in population demographic processes, particularly larval settlement, early juvenile survival and the onset of symbiosis is key to understanding how coral communities are structured and to predicting how they are likely to respond to climate change. We show that maternal effects (that here include genetic and/or effects related to the maternal environment) can explain nearly 24% of variation in larval settlement success and 5–17% of variation in juvenile survival in an experimental study of the reef-building scleractinian coral, Acropora tenuis . After 25 days on the reef, Symbiodinium communities associated with juvenile corals differed significantly between high mortality and low mortality families based on estimates of taxonomic richness, composition and relative abundance of taxa. Our results highlight that maternal and familial effects significantly explain variation in juvenile survival and symbiont communities in a broadcast-spawning coral, with Symbiodinium type A3 possibly a critical symbiotic partner during this early life stage.
    Keywords: microbiology, ecology
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 9
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    First-generation fitness consequences of interpopulational hybridisation in a Great Barrier Reef coral and its implications for assisted migration management (2014)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-03
    Print ISSN: 0722-4028
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0975
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    The relationship between population genetic structure and pelagic larval duration in coral reef fishes on the Great Barrier Reef (2006)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-15
    Print ISSN: 0025-3162
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1793
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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