ALBERT

Description: Oil-in-water emulsions have been successfully used to increase the efficacy, immunogenicity, and cross-protection of human vaccines; however, their mechanism of action is still largely unknown. Nlrp3 inflammasome has been previously associated to the activity of alum, another adjuvant broadly used in human vaccines, and MyD88 adaptor protein is required for the adjuvanticity of most Toll-like receptor agonists. We compared the contribution of Nlrp3 and MyD88 to the adjuvanticity of alum, the oil-in-water emulsion MF59, and complete Freund's adjuvant in mice using a three-component vaccine against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (rMenB). Although the basal antibody responses to the nonadjuvanted rMenB vaccine were largely dependent on Nlrp3, the high-level antibody responses induced by alum, MF59, or complete Freund's adjuvant did not require Nlrp3. Surprisingly, we found that MF59 requires MyD88 to enhance bactericidal antibody responses to the rMenB vaccine. Because MF59 did not activate any of the Toll-like receptors in vitro, we propose that MF59 requires MyD88 for a Toll-like receptor-independent signaling pathway.

Description: Full-length HIV-1 RNA plays a central role in viral replication by serving as the mRNA for essential viral proteins and as the genome packaged into infectious virions. Proper RNA trafficking is required for the functions of RNA and its encoded proteins; however, the mechanism by which HIV-1 RNA is transported...

Description: Photosynthesis, a process catalysed by plants, algae and cyanobacteria converts sunlight to energy thus sustaining all higher life on Earth. Two large membrane protein complexes, photosystem I and II (PSI and PSII), act in series to catalyse the light-driven reactions in photosynthesis. PSII catalyses the light-driven water splitting process, which maintains the Earth's oxygenic atmosphere. In this process, the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of PSII cycles through five states, S0 to S4, in which four electrons are sequentially extracted from the OEC in four light-driven charge-separation events. Here we describe time resolved experiments on PSII nano/microcrystals from Thermosynechococcus elongatus performed with the recently developed technique of serial femtosecond crystallography. Structures have been determined from PSII in the dark S1 state and after double laser excitation (putative S3 state) at 5 and 5.5 A resolution, respectively. The results provide evidence that PSII undergoes significant conformational changes at the electron acceptor side and at the Mn4CaO5 core of the OEC. These include an elongation of the metal cluster, accompanied by changes in the protein environment, which could allow for binding of the second substrate water molecule between the more distant protruding Mn (referred to as the 'dangler' Mn) and the Mn3CaOx cubane in the S2 to S3 transition, as predicted by spectroscopic and computational studies. This work shows the great potential for time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography for investigation of catalytic processes in biomolecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupitz, Christopher -- Basu, Shibom -- Grotjohann, Ingo -- Fromme, Raimund -- Zatsepin, Nadia A -- Rendek, Kimberly N -- Hunter, Mark S -- Shoeman, Robert L -- White, Thomas A -- Wang, Dingjie -- James, Daniel -- Yang, Jay-How -- Cobb, Danielle E -- Reeder, Brenda -- Sierra, Raymond G -- Liu, Haiguang -- Barty, Anton -- Aquila, Andrew L -- Deponte, Daniel -- Kirian, Richard A -- Bari, Sadia -- Bergkamp, Jesse J -- Beyerlein, Kenneth R -- Bogan, Michael J -- Caleman, Carl -- Chao, Tzu-Chiao -- Conrad, Chelsie E -- Davis, Katherine M -- Fleckenstein, Holger -- Galli, Lorenzo -- Hau-Riege, Stefan P -- Kassemeyer, Stephan -- Laksmono, Hartawan -- Liang, Mengning -- Lomb, Lukas -- Marchesini, Stefano -- Martin, Andrew V -- Messerschmidt, Marc -- Milathianaki, Despina -- Nass, Karol -- Ros, Alexandra -- Roy-Chowdhury, Shatabdi -- Schmidt, Kevin -- Seibert, Marvin -- Steinbrener, Jan -- Stellato, Francesco -- Yan, Lifen -- Yoon, Chunhong -- Moore, Thomas A -- Moore, Ana L -- Pushkar, Yulia -- Williams, Garth J -- Boutet, Sebastien -- Doak, R Bruce -- Weierstall, Uwe -- Frank, Matthias -- Chapman, Henry N -- Spence, John C H -- Fromme, Petra -- 1R01GM095583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM095583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Sep 11;513(7517):261-5. doi: 10.1038/nature13453. Epub 2014 Jul 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA [2]. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA. ; Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA. ; 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA [2] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA. ; Max-Planck-Institut fur medizinische Forschung, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. ; Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA. ; 1] Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] European XFEL GmbH, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. ; 1] Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] Linac Coherent Light Source, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA. ; 1] Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA [2] Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. ; 1] Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; 1] Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Regementsvagen 1, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden. ; 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA [2] University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Pkwy Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada. ; Department of Physics, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA. ; 1] Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany. ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA. ; 1] Max-Planck-Institut fur medizinische Forschung, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany [2] Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; 1] Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] Department ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science, Department of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia. ; Linac Coherent Light Source, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA. ; 1] Max-Planck-Institut fur medizinische Forschung, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany [2] Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [3] University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany. ; 1] Linac Coherent Light Source, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] Uppsala University, Sankt Olofsgatan 10B, 753 12 Uppsala, Sweden. ; 1] Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany [3] Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25043005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Sampling an intact sequence of oceanic crust through lavas, dikes, and gabbros is necessary to advance the understanding of the formation and evolution of crust formed at mid-ocean ridges, but it has been an elusive goal of scientific ocean drilling for decades. Recent drilling in the eastern Pacific Ocean in Hole 1256D reached gabbro within seismic layer 2, 1157 meters into crust formed at a superfast spreading rate. The gabbros are the crystallized melt lenses that formed beneath a mid-ocean ridge. The depth at which gabbro was reached confirms predictions extrapolated from seismic experiments at modern mid-ocean ridges: Melt lenses occur at shallower depths at faster spreading rates. The gabbros intrude metamorphosed sheeted dikes and have compositions similar to the overlying lavas, precluding formation of the cumulate lower oceanic crust from melt lenses so far penetrated by Hole 1256D.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, Douglas S -- Teagle, Damon A H -- Alt, Jeffrey C -- Banerjee, Neil R -- Umino, Susumu -- Miyashita, Sumio -- Acton, Gary D -- Anma, Ryo -- Barr, Samantha R -- Belghoul, Akram -- Carlut, Julie -- Christie, David M -- Coggon, Rosalind M -- Cooper, Kari M -- Cordier, Carole -- Crispini, Laura -- Durand, Sedelia Rodriguez -- Einaudi, Florence -- Galli, Laura -- Gao, Yongjun -- Geldmacher, Jorg -- Gilbert, Lisa A -- Hayman, Nicholas W -- Herrero-Bervera, Emilio -- Hirano, Nobuo -- Holter, Sara -- Ingle, Stephanie -- Jiang, Shijun -- Kalberkamp, Ulrich -- Kerneklian, Marcie -- Koepke, Jurgen -- Laverne, Christine -- Vasquez, Haroldo L Lledo -- Maclennan, John -- Morgan, Sally -- Neo, Natsuki -- Nichols, Holly J -- Park, Sung-Hyun -- Reichow, Marc K -- Sakuyama, Tetsuya -- Sano, Takashi -- Sandwell, Rachel -- Scheibner, Birgit -- Smith-Duque, Chris E -- Swift, Stephen A -- Tartarotti, Paola -- Tikku, Anahita A -- Tominaga, Masako -- Veloso, Eugenio A -- Yamasaki, Toru -- Yamazaki, Shusaku -- Ziegler, Christa -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 19;312(5776):1016-20. Epub 2006 Apr 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Science and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. dwilson@geol.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The Trypanosoma brucei cysteine protease cathepsin B (TbCatB), which is involved in host protein degradation, is a promising target to develop new treatments against sleeping sickness, a fatal disease caused by this protozoan parasite. The structure of the mature, active form of TbCatB has so far not provided sufficient information for the design of a safe and specific drug against T. brucei. By combining two recent innovations, in vivo crystallization and serial femtosecond crystallography, we obtained the room-temperature 2.1 angstrom resolution structure of the fully glycosylated precursor complex of TbCatB. The structure reveals the mechanism of native TbCatB inhibition and demonstrates that new biomolecular information can be obtained by the "diffraction-before-destruction" approach of x-ray free-electron lasers from hundreds of thousands of individual microcrystals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3786669/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3786669/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Redecke, Lars -- Nass, Karol -- DePonte, Daniel P -- White, Thomas A -- Rehders, Dirk -- Barty, Anton -- Stellato, Francesco -- Liang, Mengning -- Barends, Thomas R M -- Boutet, Sebastien -- Williams, Garth J -- Messerschmidt, Marc -- Seibert, M Marvin -- Aquila, Andrew -- Arnlund, David -- Bajt, Sasa -- Barth, Torsten -- Bogan, Michael J -- Caleman, Carl -- Chao, Tzu-Chiao -- Doak, R Bruce -- Fleckenstein, Holger -- Frank, Matthias -- Fromme, Raimund -- Galli, Lorenzo -- Grotjohann, Ingo -- Hunter, Mark S -- Johansson, Linda C -- Kassemeyer, Stephan -- Katona, Gergely -- Kirian, Richard A -- Koopmann, Rudolf -- Kupitz, Chris -- Lomb, Lukas -- Martin, Andrew V -- Mogk, Stefan -- Neutze, Richard -- Shoeman, Robert L -- Steinbrener, Jan -- Timneanu, Nicusor -- Wang, Dingjie -- Weierstall, Uwe -- Zatsepin, Nadia A -- Spence, John C H -- Fromme, Petra -- Schlichting, Ilme -- Duszenko, Michael -- Betzel, Christian -- Chapman, Henry N -- 1R01GM095583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM095583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094599/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 11;339(6116):227-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1229663. Epub 2012 Nov 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Joint Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, and Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lubeck, at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23196907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Author(s): M. Malvestuto, V. Capogrosso, E. Carleschi, L. Galli, E. Gorelov, E. Pavarini, R. Fittipaldi, F. Forte, M. Cuoco, A. Vecchione, and F. Parmigiani We investigate the electronic structure of the Sr n +1 Ru n O 3 n +1 family ( n =1,2,3) in the vicinity the Fermi level by means of polarization-dependent resonant O 1 s x-ray emission spectroscopy. Using both energy window and polarization analysis we disentangle the contribution of apical and planar oxygen, ... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 195143] Published Fri Nov 22, 2013

Description: The three-dimensional structures of macromolecules and their complexes are mainly elucidated by X-ray protein crystallography. A major limitation of this method is access to high-quality crystals, which is necessary to ensure X-ray diffraction extends to sufficiently large scattering angles and hence yields information of sufficiently high resolution with which to solve the crystal structure. The observation that crystals with reduced unit-cell volumes and tighter macromolecular packing often produce higher-resolution Bragg peaks suggests that crystallographic resolution for some macromolecules may be limited not by their heterogeneity, but by a deviation of strict positional ordering of the crystalline lattice. Such displacements of molecules from the ideal lattice give rise to a continuous diffraction pattern that is equal to the incoherent sum of diffraction from rigid individual molecular complexes aligned along several discrete crystallographic orientations and that, consequently, contains more information than Bragg peaks alone. Although such continuous diffraction patterns have long been observed--and are of interest as a source of information about the dynamics of proteins--they have not been used for structure determination. Here we show for crystals of the integral membrane protein complex photosystem II that lattice disorder increases the information content and the resolution of the diffraction pattern well beyond the 4.5-angstrom limit of measurable Bragg peaks, which allows us to phase the pattern directly. Using the molecular envelope conventionally determined at 4.5 angstroms as a constraint, we obtain a static image of the photosystem II dimer at a resolution of 3.5 angstroms. This result shows that continuous diffraction can be used to overcome what have long been supposed to be the resolution limits of macromolecular crystallography, using a method that exploits commonly encountered imperfect crystals and enables model-free phasing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ayyer, Kartik -- Yefanov, Oleksandr M -- Oberthur, Dominik -- Roy-Chowdhury, Shatabdi -- Galli, Lorenzo -- Mariani, Valerio -- Basu, Shibom -- Coe, Jesse -- Conrad, Chelsie E -- Fromme, Raimund -- Schaffer, Alexander -- Dorner, Katerina -- James, Daniel -- Kupitz, Christopher -- Metz, Markus -- Nelson, Garrett -- Xavier, Paulraj Lourdu -- Beyerlein, Kenneth R -- Schmidt, Marius -- Sarrou, Iosifina -- Spence, John C H -- Weierstall, Uwe -- White, Thomas A -- Yang, Jay-How -- Zhao, Yun -- Liang, Mengning -- Aquila, Andrew -- Hunter, Mark S -- Robinson, Joseph S -- Koglin, Jason E -- Boutet, Sebastien -- Fromme, Petra -- Barty, Anton -- Chapman, Henry N -- P41GM103393/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41RR001209/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM095583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097463/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094599/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 11;530(7589):202-6. doi: 10.1038/nature16949.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. ; Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany. ; School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA. ; Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA. ; Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA. ; Physics Department, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA. ; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas, GR-70013 Crete, Greece. ; Linac Coherent Light Source, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA. ; Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26863980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Retinal dopamine-containing amacrine neurons are rapidly activated by light, as shown by an increase in the rate of dopamine formation in vivo and a concomitant increase in the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase, measured in vitro with a subsaturating concentration of pteridine cofactor. Activation of tyrosine hydroxylase also occurs when isolated eyes from rats killed in the dark are exposed to a strobe light. Studies of amacrine neurons should provide basic data about the biochemical processing of visual information, as well as the physiological presynaptic regulatory mechanisms of dopamine-containing neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iuvone, P M -- Galli, C L -- Garrison-Gund, C K -- Neff, N H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 24;202(4370):901-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The existence of spontaneous neural activity in mammalian retinal ganglion cells during prenatal life has long been suspected. This activity could play a key role in the refinement of retinal projections during development. Recordings in vivo from the retinas of rat fetuses between embryonic day 17 and 21 found action potentials in spontaneously active ganglion cells at all the ages studied.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galli, L -- Maffei, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 7;242(4875):90-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Istituto di Neurofisiologia Consiglio Nazionale Delle Richerche via San Zeno, Pisa, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175637" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉