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  • 1
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    Investigation of abrupt cold events in the North Atlantic Ocean in a transient Holocene simulation (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Klus, Andrea; Prange, Matthias; Varma, Vidya; Tremblay, L Bruno; Schulz, Michael (2018): Abrupt cold events in the North Atlantic Ocean in a transient Holocene simulation. Climate of the Past, 14(8), 1165-1178, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1165-2018
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: Abrupt cold events have been detected in numerous North Atlantic climate records from the Holocene. Several mechanisms have been discussed as possible triggers for these climate shifts persisting decades to centuries. Here, we describe two abrupt cold events that occurred during an orbitally forced transient Holocene simulation using the Community Climate System Model version 3. Both events occurred during the late Holocene (4305-4267 BP and 3046-3018 BP, respectively). They were characterized by substantial surface cooling (-2.3 and -1.8 °C, respectively) and freshening (-0.6 and -0.5 PSU, respectively) as well as severe sea ice advance east of Newfoundland and south of Greenland, reaching as far as the Iceland Basin in the northeastern Atlantic at the climaxes of the cold events. Convection and deep-water formation in the northwestern Atlantic collapsed during the events, while the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation was not substantially affected (weakening by only about 10% and 5%, respectively). The events were triggered by prolonged phases of a positive North Atlantic Oscillation caused substantial changes in the sub-polar ocean circulation and associated freshwater transports, resulting in a weakening of the sub-polar gyre. Our results suggest a possible mechanism by which abrupt cold events in the North Atlantic region may be triggered by internal climate variability without the need of an external (e.g. solar or volcanic) forcing.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; File format; File name; File size; MARUM; Uniform resource locator/link to file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 28 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Sea ice thickness distribution (ITD) Model for the Arctic, links to NetCDF files
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Ungermann, Mischa; Tremblay, L Bruno; Martin, Torge; Losch, Martin (2017): Impact of the Ice Strength Formulation on the Performance of a Sea Ice Thickness Distribution Model in the Arctic. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 122(3), 2090-2107, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012128
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: The impact of a subgrid-scale ice thickness distribution (ITD) and two standard ice strength formulations on simulated Arctic sea ice climate is investigated. To this end different model configurations with and without an ITD were tuned by minimizing the weighted mean error between the simulated and observed sea ice concentration, thickness and drift speed with an semi-automatic parameter optimization routine. The standard ITD and ice strength parameterization lead to larger errors when compared to the simple single-category model with an ice strength parameterization based on the mean ice thickness. Interestingly, the simpler ice strength formulation, which depends linearly on the mean ice thickness, also reduces the model-observation error when using an ITD. For the ice strength parameterization that makes use of the ITD, the effective ice strength depends strongly on the number of thickness categories, so that introducing more categories can lead to overall thicker ice that is more easily deformed.
    Keywords: Arctic; File content; File format; File name; File size; pan-Arctic; Uniform resource locator/link to file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 30 data points
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  • 3
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    Non-normal flow rules affect fracture angles in sea ice viscous–plastic rheologies (2021)
    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
    In:  EPIC3Cryosphere, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 15(6), pp. 2873-2888, ISSN: 1994-0416
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Impact of the Ice Strength Formulation on the Performance of a Sea Ice Thickness Distribution Model in the Arctic (2017)
    AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 122(3), pp. 2090-2107, ISSN: 2169-9275
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Teardrop and Parabolic Lens Yield Curves for Viscous‐Plastic Sea Ice Models: New Constitutive Equations and Failure Angles (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 15(9), ISSN: 1942-2466
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-04
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Most viscous‐plastic sea ice models use the elliptical yield curve. This yield curve has a fundamental flaw: it excludes acute angles between deformation features at high resolution. Conceptually, the teardrop (TD) and parabolic lens (PL) yield curves offer an attractive alternative. These yield curves feature a non‐symmetrical shape, a Coulombic behavior for the low‐medium compressive stress, and a continuous transition to the ridging‐dominant mode, but their published formulation leads to negative or zero bulk and shear viscosities and, consequently, poor numerical convergence with stress states at times outside the yield curve. These issues are a consequence of the original assumption that the constitutive equations of the commonly used elliptical yield curve are also applicable to non‐symmetrical yield curves and yield curves with tensile strength. We derive a corrected formulation for the constitutive relations of the TD and PL yield curves. Results from simple uni‐axial loading experiments show that with the new formulation the numerical convergence of the solver improves and much smaller nonlinear residuals after a smaller number of total solver iterations can be reached, resulting in significant improvements in numerical efficiency and representation of the stress and deformation fields. The TD and PL yield curves lead to smaller angles of failure that better agree with observations. They are promising candidates to replace the elliptical yield curve in high‐resolution pan‐Arctic sea ice simulations.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 6
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    Recent changes in shelf hydrography in the Siberian Arctic: Potential for subsea permafrost instability (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-19
    Description: Summer hydrographic data (1920–2009) show a dramatic warming of the bottom water layer over the eastern Siberian shelf coastal zone (
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Breast milk SIgA promotes intestinal homeostasis [Immunology] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Maintenance of intestinal homeostasis requires a healthy relationship between the commensal gut microbiota and the host immune system. Breast milk supplies the first source of antigen-specific immune protection in the gastrointestinal tract of suckling mammals, in the form of secretory IgA (SIgA). SIgA is transported across glandular and mucosal epithelial...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Preparation and characterization of Mn-doped ZnS nanoparticles (2016)
    SpringerOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-11
    Description: Mn-doped ZnS nanoparticles are synthesized by simple and cost effective chemical precipitation method. This diluted magnetic semiconductor is characterized by various techniques such as energy dispersive X-ray...
    Print ISSN: 2008-9295
    Electronic ISSN: 2228-5326
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by SpringerOpen
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  • 9
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    Analysis and expression of a cloned pre-T cell receptor gene (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-11-18
    Description: The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) beta chain regulates early T cell development in the absence of the TCR alpha chain. The developmentally controlled gene described here encodes the pre-TCR alpha (pT alpha) chain, which covalently associates with TCR beta and with the CD3 proteins forms a pre-TCR complex that transduces signals in immature thymocytes. Unlike the lambda 5 pre-B cell receptor protein, the pT alpha chain is a type I transmembrane protein whose cytoplasmic tail contains two potential phosphorylation sites and a Src homology 3 (SH3)-domain binding sequence. Pre-TCR alpha transfection experiments indicated that surface expression of the pre-TCR is controlled by additional developmentally regulated proteins. Identification of the pT alpha gene represents an essential step in the structure-function analysis of the pre-TCR complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saint-Ruf, C -- Ungewiss, K -- Groettrup, M -- Bruno, L -- Fehling, H J -- von Boehmer, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 18;266(5188):1208-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite INSERM 373, Institut Necker, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD3/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Rearrangement ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Phosphorylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Impact of the Ice Strength Formulation on the Performance of a Sea Ice Thickness Distribution Model in the Arctic (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-21
    Description: The impact of a subgrid-scale ice thickness distribution (ITD) and two standard ice strength formulations on simulated Arctic sea ice climate is investigated. To this end different model configurations with and without an ITD were tuned by minimizing the weighted mean error between the simulated and observed sea ice concentration, thickness and drift speed with an semi-automatic parameter optimization routine. The standard ITD and ice strength parameterization lead to larger errors when compared to the simple single-category model with an ice strength parameterization based on the mean ice thickness. Interestingly, the simpler ice strength formulation, which depends linearly on the mean ice thickness, also reduces the model-observation error when using an ITD. For the ice strength parameterization that makes use of the ITD, the effective ice strength depends strongly on the number of thickness categories, so that introducing more categories can lead to overall thicker ice that is more easily deformed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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