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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: fluorenyltricarbonylchromium anion ; haptotropic rearrangement ; electrontransfer induced reactions ; cyclic voltammetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract It has been shown by cyclic voltammetry in a THF medium in the temperature range from −70 °C to +20 °C that one-electron electrochemical reduction of (η6-C13H10)Cr(CO)3 (1) to the corresponding 19-electron anion radical (1 −) is accompanied by splitting off of a H atom to form the 18-electron carbon-centered anion (η6-C13H9)Cr(CO)3 (−2 ), which at room temperature undergoes intramolecular haptotropic isomerization to the metal-centered (η5-C13H9)Cr(CO)3 − (− 3) anion. The reversible one-electron reduction of3 − to the corresponding 19-electron radical dianion3 2.− induces η5→ η6 interannular isomerization. In contrast to the equilibrium shift to the η5-isomer in 18-electron complexes 2 and 3, in their 19-electron analogs the equilibrium is shifted to the η6-isomer.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: fluorenylmanganesetricarbonyl ; haptotropic isomerization ; electron-transfer-induced reactions ; cyclic voltammetry ; IR spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract It has been shown by cyclic voltammetry in THF within the −90 to 40 °C temperature range that fluorenyl (η5-9-R-C13H8)Mn(CO)3 complexes (R=But (3) and Ph (4)) undergo two-electron reduction to form allyl type [(η3-9-R-C13H8)Mn(CO)3]2− dianions as final products. At low temperatures complexes3 and4 are reduced in two one-electron steps according to the EEC-scheme. The first step is reversible and corresponds to the formation of 19ē-radical anions 3−. and 4−.. TheE 0 values for redox pairs3 0/−. and4 0/−. are −1.88 and −1.73 V, respectively. The further reduction of radical anions3 −. and4 −. at more negative potentials is accompanied by fast η5 → η3 haptocoordination of the fluorenyl ligand to form 18ē-dianions [(η3-9-R-C13H8)Mn(CO)3]2−. These dianions obtained by the reduction of complexes3 and4 by the radical anion of pyrene are stable at −80 °C and are characterized by their IR spectra. At room temperature the η5 ⇔ η3 hapticity change is a fast and reversible process occurring at the step of 19ē-radical anions3 −. and4 −. and leading to the electron deficient 17ē-species [(η3-9-R-C13H8)Mn(CO)3]−., which are reduced easier than the initial complexes. As a result, complexes3 and4 are reduced to the corresponding dianions [(η3-9-R-C13H8)Mn(CO)3]2− at room temperature in one reversible two-electron step according to the ECE-scheme. Reactivities of 19e−-species of the isomeric η5- and η6-fluorenylmanganesetricarbonyl complexes are compared.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: transition metal complexes ; free radicals ; oxidation ; dimerization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of the carbon-centered [(η6-C13H9)Cr(CO)3]− anion (1 −) results in formation of (μ-η6:η6-9,9′-bifluorenyl)bis-chromiumtricarbonyl (3) due to coupling of the intermediate carbon-centered radical (1.). The oxidation of the metal-centered anion [(η5-C13H9)Cr(CO)3]− (2 −), which is isomeric to the 1− anion, gives an equilibrium mixture of the chromium-centered radical {(η5-C13H9)Cr(CO)3}. (2 .) and its dimer [(η5-C13H9)Cr(CO)3]2 (6). Radical2 . readily reacts with MeI and the solvent (THF); the resulting derivatives, (η5-C13H9)Cr(CO)3R (R=Me (10); R=H (7)), undergo fast ricochet inter-ring η5→η6 rearrangements into (η6-9R-C13H9)Cr(CO)3 (R=CH3 (9); R=H (4)).
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 37 (1988), S. 384-385 
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusions The products of the reduction of Cp2Mo2(CO)6, Cp2Mo2(CO)4, and Cp2Mo2(CO)4(C2H2) are mononuclear CpMo(CO)3-xLx anions (x=0-2). These anions catalyze the reduction of acetylene by zinc amalgam with a quantitative yield of ethane and ethylene relative to amalgam consumed
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 35 (1986), S. 926-932 
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusions 1. The complex metallocenyl chlorides Cp2MCl2 (M=Ti, Zr, Hf) are reversibly reduced in a THF medium on a dropping mercury electrode to the corresponding metastable radical anions $$Cp_2 MCl_2 \bar \cdot $$ , which are reversibly converted into the complexes Cp2MCl, the rate of the dehalo-genation reaction decreases as the temperature is lowered and increases along the series of metals Zr → Hf → Ti. The second reduction wave of the complexes Cp2MCl2 corresponds to the irreversible one-electron reduction of the complexes Cp2MCl2, which form in the layer next to the electrode as a result of the dehalogenation of $$Cp_2 MCl_2 \bar \cdot $$ , The third wave corresponds to the one-electron reduction of the radical anions $$Cp_2 MCl_2 \bar \cdot $$ (M=Zr, Hf) or “titanocene” (M=Ti). 2. The electroreduction of the complexes Cp2MCl2 to the M(III) and M(II) derivatives becomes increasingly hindered along the series Ti → Zr → Hf. 3. The values of E1/2 of the complexes studied are linearly correlated with the fourth and third ionization potentials of the corresponding metals in the gaseous phase.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: fluorenylmanganesetricarbonyl ; haptotropic rearrangements ; electron-transfer induced reactions ; electrocatalysis ; cyclic voltammetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The electrochemical reduction of (η6-C13H9)Mn(CO)3 (1, where C13H9—fluorenyl) has been studied in THF by cyclic voltammetry and preparative controlled potential electrolysis. One-electron reduction of1 to the corresponding 19-electron radical anion1 .− is accompanied by the haptotropic isomerization of the latter to the radical anion (η5-C13H9)Mn(CO)3 .− (2 .−), which is oxidized at the electrode to neutral complex2. Electron-transfer induced isomerization1 →2 is an electrocatalytic process with current efficiency of 600%, which can be also promoted by catalytic amounts (≤20%) of the chemical reducing agents (benzophenone radical anion or sodium amalgam). If the reaction is chemically induced, the radical anion2 .− is oxidized by initial complex1; as a result the electron-transfer induced isomerization1 →2 proceeds by a chain mechanism. The influence of the electronic state (18e−/19e−) of η6- and η5-fluorenyl complexes on the position of the equilibrium of the intra-ring haptotropic isomerization reaction is discussed.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: iron ; π-complexes ; haptotropic rearrangements ; electron transfer-induced reaction ; cyclic voltammetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract New cationic complexes [(η6-C13H10)Fe(η5-Cp*)]PF6 and [(η6-9-CH3-C13H9)Fe(η5-Cp*)]PF6 were obtained by the reaction of Cp*Fe(CO)2Br with fluorene and 9-methylfluorene, respectively. Deprotonation of these complexes byt-BuOK in THF affords zwitter-ionic compounds (η6-C13H9)Fe(η5-Cp*) and (η6-9-CH3-C13H8)Fe(η5-Cp*) (A). WhenA is heated in nonane at 150 °C it undergoes η6⇌η5 inter-ring rearrangement with the formation of hexamethyldibenzoferrocene (B). The electrochemical behavior ofA andB was studied by cyclic voltammetry. One-electron reduction ofA andB to the corresponding radical anions induces inter-ring haptotropic rearrangementA .−⇌ηB .−. The equilibrium in the 19ē state is shifted to the η6-isomeric radical anionA .−, while in the 18ē precursors, it shifts to the η5-isomerB.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: carbocationic complexes ; stabilization of carbocations ; polarography ; cyclic voltammetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The electrochemical reduction of the carbocationic complexes [Cp2M2(CO)4-μ-η2:η3(HCCCR1R2)]+BF4 −, where M/R1, R2 = Mo/H, H (1+), Mo/H, Me (2 +), Mo/Me, Me (3+), Mo/H, Pri (4+), has been studied by polarography and cyclic voltammetry on a Hg-electrode in THF solution. It has been suggested that carbocationic center-directed reversible two-electron reduction of1 +−4 + takes place according to an ECE-mechanism and results in the carbanionic complexes [Cp2M2(CO)4-μ-η2:η3-(HCCCR1R2)] (1 −−4 −) as final productsvia carbon-centered radicals as intermediates. Anions1 −-4 − are capable of irreversible two-electron reduction at more negative potentials or protonation resulting in their transformation into the corresponding acetylene complexes [Cp2M2(CO)4(HCCCHR1R2)], which are also capable of irreversible two-electron reduction. Anions1 −−4 − and their protonated forms are reduced with cleavage of the Mo-Mo bond. The reduction pathways of complexes1 +,2 +, and4 + with C-H bonds at the carbon atom of the carbocationic center are different on a Pt-electrode. It is suggested that this difference is due to the abstraction of a H-atom from the intermediate radical species by platinum.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: ruthenium and osmium complexes ; cyclic voltammetry ; electrochemical ; reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The redox behavior of sandwich indenyl complexes of the general formula (η5-C9H7)ML (M=Ru and L=η5-C9H7 (1), η5-C5H5 (2), η5-C5Me5 (3); M=Os, L=η5-C9H7 (4)) has been studied in THF, MeCN, and CH2Cl2 by cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis on a Pt electrode in the −85 to +20 °C temperature range. The title complexes have been found to undergo reversible one-electron oxidation to the corresponding radical cations, whose stabilities and reactivities depend on the nature of both the metal and °-ligands and of the nucleophilic properties of the solvent. The fast interaction of the electrogenerated 17-electron radical cations with nucleophiles yields bent sandwich 19-electron radical cations, [(η5-C9H7)M(L)(Nu)]+ (Nu = Cl−, MeCN, or THF), the latter undergoing one-electron oxidation to the corresponding [(η5-C9H7)M(L)(Nu)]2+ dications. In the case of Nu=THF, the reaction of the electrogenerated 17-electron radical cations with nucleophiles appears to be reversible. Radical cations [(η5-C9H7)2M]+· (M=Ru, Os) have been characterized by ESR spectra.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: fluorenyltricarbonylmanganese, haptotropic rearrangements ; NMR and IR spectroscopy ; X-ray structural analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract η5-Fluorenyl complexes of manganese (η5-9-RC13H8)Mn(CO)3, where R = Ph (1) and But (2), have been prepared and characterized for the first time. The structure of complex1 has been established by X-ray structural analysis.
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