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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New data-acquisition system for spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy (abstract) : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5889-5889 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new data-acquisition system suitable for spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy used in magnetic domain observation has been developed. The system is composed of a primary-electron-beam scan controller, four counters of two pairs of output signals coming from a spin polarization detector, an image processor with two high-speed digital signal processors calculating the polarization-components Px and Py from the detector outputs, 32 frame memories (512×512×16 bit) for the detector outputs, Px, Py, sample absorbed current, etc., as well as a 1280×1024 pixel monitor. The system enables not only high-speed scanning (21 s/image) for a quick view but also very slow-speed scanning ((approximately-greater-than)1 h/image) for a high-quality image. With this variable-speed scanning, it is possible to promptly obtain a homogeneous quality image even when the secondary-electron intensity distribution is inhomogeneous due to the surface topography. By calculating the magnitude and direction of magnetization from Px and Py, magnetization vectors can be represented as arrows in the domain image. The system has been successfully applied to domain observation of an iron single crystal and a magnetic recording head having a three-dimensional surface structure as well as side plane observation of multilayered films for a magnetic recording head.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347858
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence showing that β-adrenoceptor subtype responsible for the relaxation induced by isoprenaline is principally β2 but not β1 in guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Autonomic & autacoid pharmacology 24 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1474-8673
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: 1 The present study was carried out to pharmacologically identify the β-adrenoceptor subtype that mediates isoprenaline-elicited relaxation in the isolated guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle, to answer the question whether it is β1- or β2-subtype? 2 Isoprenaline as well as salbutamol, a well-known β2-selective adrenoceptor agonist, produced a concentration-dependent relaxation with a pD2 value of 8.12 vs. 7.54 for salbutamol. 3 Isoprenaline-elicited relaxation was not affected by β1-selective antagonists, atenolol and CGP-20,712A, within the concentration ranges supposed to antagonize β1-subtype: atenolol, ≤10−6 m; CGP-20,712A, ≤10−8 m. 4 By contrast, the concentration–response curves for isoprenaline as well as salbutamol were shifted rightwards in a competitive fashion by atenolol at the concentrations ≥3 × 10−6 m. However, pA2 values of atenolol against isoprenaline (5.86) and salbutamol (5.71) were consistent with the value corresponding to β2- but not to β1-subtype (around 7.00), and these values were not significantly different from each other. 5 Competitive antagonism of the relaxations to isoprenaline and salbutamol were also obtained with β2-selective antagonists, butoxamine and ICI-118,551. Against isoprenaline and salbutamol, the pA2 values of butoxamine (6.51 vs. 6.81) and ICI-118,551 (8.83 vs. 8.90) were substantially identical. Thus the primary mediation of β2-receptor in the relaxations was strongly supported. 6 The present findings provide evidence that the β-adrenoceptor which mediates isoprenaline-elicited relaxation of guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle is essentially β2- but not β1-subtype. The present study also indicates the importance of using multiple receptor antagonists with different pA2 values to pharmacologically identify the responsible receptor subtype in smooth muscle mechanical responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-8673.2004.00314.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial agonistic activity of labetalol, the arylethanolamine, on β3-adrenoceptors in the guinea-pig gastric fundus (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Autonomic & autacoid pharmacology 22 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1474-8673
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1 The agonistic and antagonistic effects of labetalol, the α1- and β-adrenoceptor antagonist, were studied on β3-adrenoceptors in the guinea-pig gastric fundus. 2 Labetalol caused a concentration-dependent relaxation with a pD2 value of 5.58 ± 0.09 and an intrinsic activity of 0.64 ± 0.06, which was not affected by pretreatment with both the selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist, (±)-atenolol (100 μM), and the selective β2-adrenoceptor antagonist, (±)-butoxamine (100 μM). 3 However, the non-selective β1-, β2- and β3-adrenoceptor antagonist, (±)-bupranolol (3–30 μM), shifted the concentration–response curve of labetalol to the right (pA2 value=5.97 ± 0.08). 4 In the presence of (±)-atenolol (100 μM) and (±)-butoxamine (100 μM), relaxations to catecholamines [(−)-isoprenaline, (−)-noradrenaline and (−)-adrenaline], to the selective β3-adrenoceptor agonist, BRL37344, and to the non-conventional partial β3-adrenoceptor agonist, (±)-CGP12177A, were weakly antagonized by labetalol (10 μM). 5 These results indicate that labetalol, the arylethanolamine, acts as a partial agonist on β3-adrenoceptors in the guinea-pig gastric fundus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-8673.2002.00239.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High spatial resolution spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy (abstract) : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6890-6890 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy (spin SEM) to observe magnetic domains has the potential for spatial resolution as high as 10 nm. The best resolution from spin SEMs attained so far, however, is around 50 nm. In this talk, we report a newly developed spin SEM with 20 nm resolution. The major factor determining the resolution of a spin SEM is probe diameter. A smaller probe diameter, however, results in lower probe current. This is a serious issue in spin SEM because the efficiency of a spin detector is very low. Thus, to get high resolution with a reasonable signal/noise (S/N) image, higher efficiency in the spin detector and/or higher probe current are needed in addition to get a smaller probe diameter. The higher probe current has been attained by using a thermal assisted field emission cathode in an electron gun. The higher efficiency in the spin detector was achieved by increasing the acceptance angle of electron detectors inside the spin detector and optimizing both a secondary collector and transport optics. Obtaining a smaller probe diameter required a low aberration objective lens and a short working distance. Those were achieved by computer calculation so that there was no interference between the objective lens and the secondary collector. This achieved both a short working distance of 20 mm and high secondary collection efficiency. As a result, magnetic images of 20 nm resolution with a 25 keV and 1 nA probe beam have been attained. We have applied this spin SEM to observing recorded bits of longitudinal thin film media at high recording densities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356794
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Side plane domain observation of Fe-C/Ni-Fe/BN multilayers with a spin-polarized scanning electron microscope (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 2028-2030 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetization distributions of four-magnetic-layer (0.5 μm/layer) strips (300×50 μm2) are observed on the top and side planes using a spin-polarized scanning electron microscope. From the domain images of the side planes, the magnetization direction of each magnetic layer is studied. The strips do not always show the predicted energy minimum magnetic structure, in which the magnetization direction alternates layer by layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103996
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine magnetic domain structure of stressed amorphous metal (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 2581-2583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The fine magnetic domain structure which appears on a stressed amorphous ribbon is studied using a spin-polarized scanning electron microscope. The detected domain structure differs from any so far reported. The magnetization direction inside the wavy stripelike closure domain fluctuates along the stripes. We propose two possible models to explain this domain structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109303
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-organized growth of Fe nanowire array on H2O/Si(100)(2×n) (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 540-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By evaporating Fe on to a water-terminated Si(100)(2×n) surface, we formed an Fe wire array reflecting the 2×n surface reconstruction. The average wire width was 2 nm and the period was 3 nm. The formation was caused by the deposited Fe atoms diffusing over the water-terminated flat area and being trapped at dimer vacancy lines. This array is applicable to magnetic devices. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124441
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Room-temperature operation of a memory-effect AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction field-effect transistor with self-assembled InAs nanodots (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 1464-1466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This letter describes the memory effect of an AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction field-effect transistor that contains InAs nanodots in the barrier layer. The device experiences a shift of threshold gate voltage, as a function of the amount of the electrons trapped in the nanodots. These trapped electrons can be injected by applying a positive gate voltage and be erased by a visible light illumination at negative gate bias. Although the shift of the threshold gate voltage volatilizes with the time after the memory programing operation, a considerable part of the shift is retained even after 100 h at room temperature. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126065
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gaussian approximation to the unique heterogeneous Langmuir-Hinshelwood type fluorescence quenching at the silica gel gas/solid interface: pyrene and 9,10-diphenylanthracene singlet quenching by oxygen (1990)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 94 (1990), S. 4521-4528 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100374a033
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triterpenes of Pouteria torta (Sapotaceae) (1980)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of natural products 43 (1980), S. 420-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50009a016
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