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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone remodeling due to continuously applied loads (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. S25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Remodeling ; Bone ; Stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary It has long been known that the stress history of bone tissue influences its structure; however, the nature of this relationship remains largely uncharacterized. The objective of this work was to induce a quantifiable change in the stress history ofin vivo bone tissue and examine subsequent changes in structural and material properties that might occur. Continuous compressive loads were applied to the diaphysis of adult mongrel dogs for 2 months. The loads, ranging from 12–130 N, were superposed on the normal activity of the animals by implanting spring loading devices on the diaphysis of the femur. After the animals were sacrificed, mid-diaphysial specimens were subjected to compression testing to determine a structural bulk stiffness. The cross-sectional areas of original bone tissue and new bone deposition were then determined. The ash weights of selected specimens were also determined. The results indicate that a positive correlation between the increase in cross-sectional area and the superposed stress does exist. The new bone apposition was found almost entirely on the periosteal surface. Very little evidence of internal remodeling or endosteal movement was observed. The new tissue was found to have a lower ash weight and appeared to have a disorganized microstructure. Mechanical testing also suggests that the newly deposited tissue is far less stiff than the mature original bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406130
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of the bone-implant interface stiffness on stress profiles surrounding Al2O3 and carbon dental implants (1982)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 10 (1982), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Dental implants ; Biomechanics ; Biomaterials ; Finite element analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Dental implants have been used and studied for the replacement of missing teeth for many years. Finite element stress analysis (FESA) has previously been used in their evaluation to study the effect of various design parameters on induced stresses. A twodimensional FESA was used to evaluate the effect that the implant-bone interface elastic modulus has on the stress distribution around LTI carbon and aluminum oxide dental implants. The results of this investigation indicate that a soft tissue interface between implants and bone negates the effect of implant elastic modulus and results in stress profiles that were almost identical for the LTI carbon and aluminum oxide implants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02367461
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of porous ceramics for the attachment of load bearing internal orthopedic applications (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 5 (1971), S. 161-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Additional Material: 38 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820050613
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical properties of the bone-porous biomaterial interface: Elastic behavior (1973)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 7 (1973), S. 363-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The possibility of evaluating the elastic moduli of the bone-porous biomaterial interface by treating it as a two-phase composite is discussed. Methods of placing bounds on the elastic moduli of such a composite are presented and applied to five materials currently being considered for use in porous prosthetic devices: 316 stainless steel, titanium, cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy (Vitallium), alumina (Al2O3), and high density polyethylene. The results show that when the prosthetic material becomes completely ingrown with bone, the elastic modulus of the composite becomes more compatible with bone. Titanium appears to be very favorable. Young's modulus for bulk titanium is about four times that of bone, while the fully ingrown composite has a Young's modulus approximately twice that of bone. Similar results obtain for the other elastic moduli. It is noted that the results for 316 SS apply to all surgical stainless steels, those for Co-Cr-Mo apply to other Co-Cr alloys and those for titanium apply to alloyed titanium.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820070323
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soft tissue response to four dense ceramic materials and two clinically used biomaterials (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 9 (1975), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Disk-shaped implants of spinel, alumina, mullite, zircon, a cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), were implanted in the paraspinalis muscle of 12 adult, male, white New Zealand rabbits. Prior to implantation the implants were characterized with respect to size and shape, weight and surface roughness. After periods of 1 month, 2 months, and 4 months, the rabbits were sacrificed and the tissue specimens were retrieved with the implants still intact. Histological examination of the tissues surrounding the implants along with changes in the size and shape, weight, and surface roughness of the implants were used a criteria for evaluating these materials for implant purposes.No surface degradation of any of the materials was detected using scanning electron microscopy. Fibrous tissue seemed to adhere to the UHMWPE implants more than any other material used in this study. Large amounts of fibrous tissue were also found to adhere to the cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy implants.The histological results indicated that within the limits of this investigation, the biocompatibility of the ceramic materials used in this study compared favorably with the clinically used Co-Cr-Mo alloy implants and the UHMWPE implants.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820090411
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An evaluation of bone growth into porous high density polyethylene (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 10 (1976), S. 311-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this investigation was to study bone growth into porous polyethylene rods as a function of time and pore structure. Previous studies have indicated the biocompatibility of solid polyethylene materials which are currently being used clinically. Porous polyethylene rods were implanted in the femurs of mongrel dogs which were sacrificed four, eight, and 16 weeks postoperatively. The implants were then sectioned and examined histologically and microradiographically. Quantitative techniques were employed to determine the amount of bone ingrowth as a function of time and pore size. The pore structures of the materials were evaluated using optical microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry.The results of this investigation have demonstrated that porous polyethylene is capable of accepting bone growth into pores as small as 40 μm. The optimum rate of bone ingrowth was observed in pore sizes of approximately 100 to 135 μm, with no increase in the rate of bone ingrowth observed in samples possessing larger pore sizes. No adverse tissue response was found at implant times up to 16 weeks in pore sizes of 100 μm or larger.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820100212
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a metal-ceramic composite hip prosthesis (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 9 (1975), S. 189-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This investigation attempts to apply the concept of direct sketal attachment via tissue ingrowth to the attachment of femoral head prosthess to the femur. Stainless steel (316L) canine femoral head prostheses with a ceramic coated stem were implanted into the femora of dogs and their results compared to those obtained by the impaction of stainless steel prostheses and acrylic-stabilized prostheses. The implants were tested in vivo for time periods ranging from 2 to 13 months, after which time the animals were sacrificed and the femora excised. The femora were sectioned with the implants in place and prepared for examination by light microscopy. Bone was in closer approximation to the ceramic coated implants than to the other two types of implantations. The uncoated and acrylic-stabilized implants were usually charaterized by the presence of a relatively thick fibrous sequestering membrane.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820090422
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interface mechanics of porous titanium implants (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 15 (1981), S. 73-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The interfacial shear properties of bone tissue growth into porous coated Ti-6A1-4V femoral implants have been examined as a function of the pore size of the porous surface. Three particle size range powders (297 μm, 420-500 μm, 595-707 μm) were used to fabricate cylindrical implants which were inserted into the femoral medullary canal of dogs for 6 months. Push-out tests on the removed femurs are reported and reveal: (i) that those implants residing in cortical bone exhibited significantly higher shear properties than the equivalent implants in cancellous bone and (ii) that the interfacial shear strength and stiffness decreased with increasing pore diameter within the range 175-325 μm. The extent of bone ingrowth into the surface of the implants was measured using quantitative optical microscopic techniques. This indicated that the percentage of bone which had grown into the surface was inversely proportional to the square root of the pore size and that further the shear properties of the interface were proportional to the extent of bone in-growth.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820150111
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of stress on tissue ingrowth into porous aluminum oxide (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 8 (1974), S. 85-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A study of the tissue compatibility of aluminum oxide implants under different stress conditions in rabbits was performed over four- and eight-week implantation periods. The specific objectives were to examine endosteal bone ingrowth into aluminum oxide coneshaped plugs in amputated tibiae, while additional pellet-shaped implants in the tibiae and femora of rabbits with amputated and nonamputated limbs were studied to determine: (1) if the degree of loading placed on the amputated limb was sufficient to promote bone activity, (2) the degree of inertness and/or toxicity of the aluminum oxide implants, and (3) a possible cause of bone spurs.The results of the radiographic, histologic and microradiographic analyses of the in vivo implants demonstrated that there was little mineralized bone ingrowth into the coneshaped aluminum oxide implants in the amputated tibiae. The study also showed that the aluminum oxide pellet implants in the tibiae and femora of the nonamputated limbs demonstrated excellent mineralized bone ingrowth into surface and internal pores. By comparing these results with the incomplete ingrowth into corresponding pellet implants in the tibiae and femora of amputated limbs, it was determined that a lack of weight bearing and damage to the musculature and vascularity following amputation were interfering with the normal bone activity and therefore bone ingrowth.Angiographs and radiographs of the amputated tibiae demonstrated that bone spurs were present and that they originated at the site of the periosteal damage. Their cause was believed to be associated with an increase in the vascularity of the adjacent tissues.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820080310
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implant-bone interface characteristics of bioglass dental implants (1980)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 14 (1980), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) has been used to determine the implant-bone interface characteristics of bioglass dental implants. The results of the FEA were verified by comparison with the results of mechanical testing performed on animal implant specimens. The results of the study showed that the assumption of a discontinuous change of elastic properties at the bone-implant interface was a poor assumption for the bioglass implants. Interface elastic moduli of 354.0, 155.0, and 47.0 MPa for conditions of 25, 50, and 100% tissue attachment were determined for the bioglass implants.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820140104
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