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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anther Culture Derived Homozygous Lines in Hordeum bulbosum (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 110 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The production of homozygous doubled haploids via anther culture was investigated in the self-incompatible diploid species Hordeum bulbosum. Anthers from three accessions (GBC77, GBC752 and GBC753) were cultured on FHG media using IAA or three levels (1, 50 and 100 mg/l) of the auxin phenylacetic acid (PAA). Four green plants and 63 albino plants were obtained from a total of 1620 plated anthers (540/accession). The best mean anther response, number of embryogenic calli and regenerated plants were obtained with 50 mg/1 PAA. Three of the four green plants survived to maturity and, based on root-tip squashes stained with feulgen, all had 14 chromosomes like the anther donor parent. These anther culture-derived plants contained only some of the parental DNA bands, as observed by PCR analysis, indicating that they are of gametic origin rather than arising from somatic parental tissue. This is the first report of homozygous lines produced from this self-incompatible species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb01221.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High Frequency Haploid Production in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) (1970)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 225 (1970), S. 874-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Interspecific crosses between 28-chromosome auto-tetraploid cultivated barley (H. vulgare) and tetraploid H. bulbosum were made reciprocally and the progeny were nearly all 14-chromosome "diploid" plants resembling cultivated barley5. The progeny contained gamete chromosome numbers, so ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/225874a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trisomics in diploid alfalfa (1967)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 21 (1967), S. 232-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eight triploids were produced by pollinating male sterile alfalfa tetraploids with diploid lines of closely related “species” involving Medicago sativa, M. falcata and M. coerulea. Seeds were produced on all but one of the triploids by crossing them with diploid and tetraploid lines. Primary trisomic plants were obtained from the crosses with diploid lines and studies on their fertility and trisomic transmission are reported. A brief review of the cytogenetic evidence indicates that the closely related “species” involved in these trisomics appear to be forms of a single polymorphic species and that cultivated tetraploid alfalfa behaves essentially as an autotetraploid. Thus, it is proposed that linkage groups established with these diploid trisomics will also represent the linkage groups of cultivated alfalfa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329548
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meiosis in haploid barley — An interpretation of non-homologous chromosome associations (1971)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 35 (1971), S. 247-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Detailed meiotic studies were conducted on ten haploid plants representing six different genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare, 2n=14). At pachytene stages the non-homologous chromosomes were observed to pair as intimately as homologous chromosomes in many cells. Foldback pairing, involving single chromosomes, and multivalent associations were common. At diplotene, up to 4 chiasmatalike structures were observed in paired chromosomes but it is not likely that they resulted from crossing over. At diakinesis the bivalent frequency mean was from 1 to 1.3 per cell whereas by metaphase I the paired associations were rare with a single rod bivalent being observed in 3 to 5% of the cells. The frequencies of various types of secondary associations at metaphase were also recorded. — The origin and significance of bivalents and secondary associations in haploids is reviewed and discussed. Caution is urged in the interpretation that low levels of chromosome pairing in haploids is evidence of homology. It is concluded that very little chromosome duplication is likely to be found within the haploid set of barley chromosomes and that the basic chromosome number is seven.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326277
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential chromosome contraction at the pachytene stage of meiosis in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (1974)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 45 (1974), S. 163-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using the length of the total chromosome complement as a measure of the pachytene stage of a cell, most of the variation from cell to cell in chromosome lengths can be accounted for. Significant regression equations were obtained for chromosome and arm lengths upon the cell stage and these provide estimates of the relative contraction rates of the chromosomes. The regression lines for chromosomes 1 and 2 were quadratic whereas they were linear for the remaining six chromosomes. The contraction rates were different for each chromosome as well as for the short and long arms of chromosomes 1 to 5. The relative contraction rates for the heterochromatic short arms of chromosomes 3, 4 and 5 were very low and therefore arm ratios as well as relative lengths of chromosomes could vary with the cell stage examined. The differences in chromosome numbering systems reported by alfalfa researchers are mainly attributed to the pachytene stages observed and the small numbers of observations per study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00362309
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microspore growth and anther staging in barley anther culture (1986)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 5 (1986), S. 47-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nuclear growth, microspore cell growth and cell cycle stage were examined in microspores of anthers of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Klages taken from florets of the middle of the spike as per anther staging methods. Although there was wide variation in nuclear size at all stages of the cell cycle, mean nuclear size appeared to be a good indicator of cell cycle stage for microspores within anthers. Microspore cell size increased considerably during Gl of the cell cycle. Anthers bearing microspores cytologically characterized as in the mid-uninucleate stage, which have proven to yield high levels of callus production, were determined to be in G1 of the cell cycle and were regularly found in spikes taken from tillers in which the base of the flag leaf had emerged 0 to 3 cm above the penultimate leaf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269716
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved plant regeneration from wheat anther and barley microspore culture using phenylacetic acid (PAA) (1992)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 11 (1992), S. 489-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effect of the auxin phenylacetic acid (PAA) on wheat anther and on barley anther/microspore culture was investigated. With PAA the induction response was not usually significantly different from controls but a significantly higher number of green plants were produced in wheat anther and barley microspore culture. For wheat anther culture 100 mg/L PAA was beneficial. For barley microspore culture the optimum levels were from 1 to 100 mg/L, depending on genotype. In barley anther culture there were no improvements using PAA. In wheat anther culture, 145 green plants/100 anthers were obtained with cultivar Veery‘S’, while the average response from twelve F1 hybrids in the breeding program was 332 green plants/100 anthers. At least 1000 green plants were obtained using isolated microspores from 100 anthers in barley cv. Igri. With cv. Bruce, regeneration occurred only when 100 mg/L PAA was used. The influence of PAA appears at the embryogenic phase of the culture system. The possible mechanisms by which PAA may improve regeneration are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236263
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement of isolated microspore culture of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through ovary co-culture (1997)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 16 (1997), S. 520-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Microspore culture ; Ovary co-culture ; Haploid ; Embryogenesis ; Triticum aestivum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Embryogenesis from isolated microspore cultures of wheat was improved by ovary co-culture when compared to a completely defined medium. This indicates that essential factor(s) in addition to PAA or its analogs may be supplied by the ovaries. Isolated microspores co-cultured with 20 ovaries of wheat on the top of semi-solid MMS3 induction medium for 21–30 days gave the best response. Both the number and quality of the embryos was significantly increased. The maximum frequencies of dividing microspores and of embryogenesis were 94% and 2.4%, respectively. Up to 2583 embryos were formed per 100 anthers of cv `Chris' and between 18% and 43% of the larger embryos regenerated into green plants upon transfer. Genotype differences for both induction and embryogenesis phases were reduced using ovary co-culture. However, there was still a strong genotype influence on plant regeneration with cv `Chris', with the F1 of `Chris'× `Sinton' displaying the highest frequencies. These results are important with respect to enhancing haploidy applications in wheat biotechnology and plant breeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01142316
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of haploid cell lines from immature barley,Hordeum vulgare, embryos (1984)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 3 (1984), S. 95-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Callus and suspension cell lines were derived from haploid barley embryos produced by the Bulbosum method. Embryos 1 to 2 mm long callused on medium containing a low concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Fast-growing nodular, beige callus (Type 1), slow-growing, light brown, watery callus (Type 2) and a dense, light yellow, nodular callus (Type 3) were recovered. Type 3 callus was embryogenic and was produced on embryos 1 to 2 mm in length. Although callus cultures gradually became polyploid, a small proportion of haploid cells was retained and the majority of regenerated plantlets were haploid. The organogenic potential of long-term (Type 1) callus cultures was generally low and decreased with time. Attempts to inducede novo shoot formation in Type 1 cultures were not successful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441008
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved plant regeneration from shed microspore culture in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. igri (1990)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 9 (1990), S. 69-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This report describes rapid regeneration of green plants from microspores of the barley cultivar Igri. Use of 0.3 M mannitol during maceration and isolation was essential for response from mechanically isolated microspores of barley cv. Igri grown under our conditions. A shed microspore culture system proved to be simple and gave a fast response; plants were obtained as early as 25 days after the material was taken from the donor plant. A 28-day cold-pretreatment of spikes can also be replaced with a 3–4 day pretreatment of anthers in mannitol. Shed microspores from 100 anthers produced an average of 292 plants with 91% of them green. Approximately 80% of the regenerated plants were spontaneously doubled-haploids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231551
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