Publication Date:
2014-10-16
Description:
The most important energy development of the past decade has been the wide deployment of hydraulic fracturing technologies that enable the production of previously uneconomic shale gas resources in North America. If these advanced gas production technologies were to be deployed globally, the energy market could see a large influx of economically competitive unconventional gas resources. The climate implications of such abundant natural gas have been hotly debated. Some researchers have observed that abundant natural gas substituting for coal could reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Others have reported that the non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions associated with shale gas production make its lifecycle emissions higher than those of coal. Assessment of the full impact of abundant gas on climate change requires an integrated approach to the global energy-economy-climate systems, but the literature has been limited in either its geographic scope or its coverage of greenhouse gases. Here we show that market-driven increases in global supplies of unconventional natural gas do not discernibly reduce the trajectory of greenhouse gas emissions or climate forcing. Our results, based on simulations from five state-of-the-art integrated assessment models of energy-economy-climate systems independently forced by an abundant gas scenario, project large additional natural gas consumption of up to +170 per cent by 2050. The impact on CO2 emissions, however, is found to be much smaller (from -2 per cent to +11 per cent), and a majority of the models reported a small increase in climate forcing (from -0.3 per cent to +7 per cent) associated with the increased use of abundant gas. Our results show that although market penetration of globally abundant gas may substantially change the future energy system, it is not necessarily an effective substitute for climate change mitigation policy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McJeon, Haewon -- Edmonds, Jae -- Bauer, Nico -- Clarke, Leon -- Fisher, Brian -- Flannery, Brian P -- Hilaire, Jerome -- Krey, Volker -- Marangoni, Giacomo -- Mi, Raymond -- Riahi, Keywan -- Rogner, Holger -- Tavoni, Massimo -- England -- Nature. 2014 Oct 23;514(7523):482-5. doi: 10.1038/nature13837. Epub 2014 Oct 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, JGCRI, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA. ; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, PO Box 60 12 03, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. ; BAEconomics, PO Box 5447, Kingston, Australian Capital Territory 2604, Australia. ; Resources for the Future, 1616 P Street Northwest, Washington, DC 20036, USA. ; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. ; Centro Euromediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici and Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4b, 20156 Milan, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25317557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Carbon Dioxide/analysis
;
Climate Change/*statistics & numerical data
;
*Environmental Policy
;
Greenhouse Effect/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data
;
Models, Theoretical
;
Natural Gas/economics/supply & distribution/*utilization
;
Time Factors
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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