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  • 1
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    The Apollo Alpha Spectrometer. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Located in the Science Instrument Module of Apollo 15 and 16, the Alpha Particle Spectrometer was designed to detect and measure the energy of alpha particles emitted by the radon isotopes and their daughter products. The spectrometer sensor consisted of an array of totally depleted silicon surface barrier detectors. Biased amplifier and linear gate techniques were utilized to reduce resolution degradation, thereby permitting the use of a single 512 channel PHA. Sensor identification and in-flight radioactive calibration were incorporated to enhance data reduction.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    The UHURU X-ray instrument. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: On Dec. 12, 1970, the UHURU X-ray observatory was launched into equatorial orbit with the prime mission of conducting an all-sky survey of astronomical X-ray sources with intensities of 0.00005 Sco-X1 or greater. The X-ray detection system contains 12 gas-filled proportional counters, 6 behind each collimator. The aspect system is discussed together with the structure, the pulse height analyzer, the command system, the calibration system, and the power distribution system. Pulse shape discrimination circuits used on UHURU use the same technique that was used on the system originally developed for large area proportional counters described by Gorenstein and Mickiewicz (1968).
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 3
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    The Apollo X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Apollo X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was a part of a geochemical package flown on the Apollo 15 and 16 missions. The device was to map the concentrations of aluminum, magnesium, and silicon in the lunar regolith along the spacecraft ground track. A functional description of the spectrometer is given and the telemetry data format is discussed together with the pulse height analyzer, the pulse shape discriminator, questions of in-flight calibration, and the flight results.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 4
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    An evolution of X-ray astronomy instrumentation (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: This paper describes the growth of X-ray astronomy instrumentation from simple, single function, instruments performing survey measurements with crude spectral, spatial and temporal resolution to complex, multiple detector, instruments capable of observing selected phenomena and sources with extremely fine resolution. Examples of solar X-ray instrumentation that are discussed include OSO-IV, Apollo Telescope Mount and proposed Solar Maximum Mission instruments. Stellar X-ray instrumentation examples include UHURU, Astronomy Netherlands Satellite and HEAO-B instruments. Design details are provided and instrument parameters are compared to illustrate the evolutionary process.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
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  • 5
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    The HEAO-A Scanning Modulation Collimator instrument (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Scanning Modulation Collimator X-ray instrument for the HEAO-A satellite was designed to measure celestial radiation in the range between 1 and 15 KeV and to resolve, and correlate, the position of X-ray sources with visible light sources on the celestial sphere to within 5 arc seconds. The positional accuracy is made possible by mechanical collimation of the X-ray sources viewed by the instrument. High sensitivity is provided from two systems each containing four gas filled proportional counters followed by preamplification, signal summing, pulse height analysis, pulse shape discrimination, X-ray event accumulators and telemetry processing electronics.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
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  • 6
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    The High Energy Astronomy Observatory X-ray Telescope (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The High Energy Astronomy Observatory-Mission B (HEAO-B) is a satellite observatory for the purpose of performing a detailed X-ray survey of the celestial sphere. Measurements will be made of stellar radiation in the range 0.2 through 20 keV. The primary viewing requirement is to provide final aspect solution and internal alignment information to correlate an observed X-ray image with the celestial sphere to within one-and-one-half arc seconds. The Observatory consists of the HEAO Spacecraft together with the X-ray Telescope. The Spacecraft provides the required attitude control and determination system, data telemetry system, space solar power system, and interface with the launch vehicle. The X-ray Telescope includes a high resolution mirror assembly, optical bench metering structure, X-ray detectors, detector positioning system, detector electronics and aspect sensing system.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
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  • 7
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    The SAS-A aspect system (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: On Dec. 12, 1970, the United States Small Astronomy Satellite-A was launched into orbit around the earth. The X-ray instrument carried by the spacecraft was the first satellite instrument to be devoted exclusively to the study of stellar X-ray sources. The primary objective of the instrument was to perform an all-sky survey to detect and locate stellar X-ray sources with location accuracies of one arc-minute for the stronger sources. A system description is given together with details of circuits, alignment procedures, and calibration sequences.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Annual Technical Meeting; Oct 16, 1972 - Oct 18, 1972; San Mateo, CA
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  • 8
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    The Uhuru star aspect sensor. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Description of the star sensor used in the spin-stabilized Uhuru satellite for the purpose of detecting and locating stellar X-ray sources. The star sensor had the capability of detecting fourth-magnitude stars to within 1 arc minute of azimuth and 2 arc minutes of elevation. This was achieved with the aid of a slightly modified 76-mm, f/0.87 Super Farron lens, an 'n' shaped reticle located in the focal plane, and an RCA CF70114F photomultiplier serving as the detection element. The star sensor is composed of three major components - a high-voltage power supply, the photomultiplier, and an amplifier.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Annual Electro-Optical Systems Design Conference; Sep 12, 1972 - Sep 14, 1972; New York, NY
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