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  • 1
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    Effects of turbulent dust grain motion to interstellar chemistry (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-02
    Description: Theoretical studies have revealed that dust grains are usually moving fast through the turbulent interstellar gas, which could have significant effects upon interstellar chemistry by modifying grain accretion. This effect is investigated in this work on the basis of numerical gas–grain chemical modelling. Major features of the grain motion effect in the typical environment of dark clouds (DC) can be summarized as follows: (1) decrease of gas-phase (both neutral and ionic) abundances and increase of surface abundances by up to 2–3 orders of magnitude; (2) shifts of the existing chemical jumps to earlier evolution ages for gas-phase species and to later ages for surface species by factors of about 10; (3) a few exceptional cases in which some species turn out to be insensitive to this effect and some other species can show opposite behaviours too. These effects usually begin to emerge from a typical DC model age of about 10 5  yr. The grain motion in a typical cold neutral medium (CNM) can help overcome the Coulomb repulsive barrier to enable effective accretion of cations on to positively charged grains. As a result, the grain motion greatly enhances the abundances of some gas-phase and surface species by factors up to 2–6 or more orders of magnitude in the CNM model. The grain motion effect in a typical molecular cloud (MC) is intermediate between that of the DC and CNM models, but with weaker strength. The grain motion is found to be important to consider in chemical simulations of typical interstellar medium.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Early-stage star-forming cloud cores in Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey (GLIMPSE) extended green objects (EGOs) as traced by organic species (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-10
    Description: In order to investigate the physical and chemical properties of massive star-forming cores in the early stages, we analyse the excitation and abundance of four organic species, CH 3 OH, CH 3 OCH 3 , HCOOCH 3 and CH 3 CH 2 CN, towards 29 extended green object (EGO) cloud cores that were observed by our previous single-dish spectral line survey. The EGO cloud cores are found to have similar methanol J 3 – J 2 rotation temperatures of ~44 K, a typical linear size of ~0.036 pc and a typical beam-averaged methanol abundance of several 10 –9 (the beam-corrected value could reach several 10 –7 ). The abundances of the latter three species, normalized by that of methanol, are also found to be correlated across a large variety of clouds such as EGO cloud cores, hot corinos, massive hot cores and Galactic Centre clouds. The chemical properties of the EGO cloud cores lie between those of hot cores and hot corinos. However, the abundances and abundance ratios of the four species cannot be explained satisfactorily by recent chemical models, either among EGO cloud cores or among the various types of cloud core from literature.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Interstellar chemical differentiation across grain sizes (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-07
    Description: In this work, we investigate the effects of ion accretion and size-dependent dust temperatures on the abundances of both gas-phase and grain-surface species. While past work has assumed a constant areal density for icy species, we show that this assumption is invalid and the chemical differentiation over grain sizes is significant. We use a gas–grain chemical code to demonstrate this numerically for two typical interstellar conditions: a dark cloud (DC) and a cold neutral medium (CNM). It is shown that, although the grain-size distribution variation (but with the total grain surface area unchanged) has little effect on the gas-phase abundances, it can alter the abundances of some surface species by up to ~2–4 orders of magnitude. The areal densities of ice species are larger on smaller grains in the DC model as a consequence of ion accretion. However, the surface areal density evolution tracks are more complex in the CNM model due to the combined effects of ion accretion and dust temperature variation. The surface areal density differences between the smallest ( ~ 0.01 μm) and the biggest ( ~ 0.2 μm) grains can reach ~1 and ~5 orders of magnitude in the DC and CNM models, respectively.
    Print ISSN: 1745-3925
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-3933
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    BZR1 is a transcriptional repressor with dual roles in brassinosteroid homeostasis and growth responses (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-01
    Description: Brassinosteroid (BR) homeostasis and signaling are crucial for normal growth and development of plants. BR signaling through cell-surface receptor kinases and intracellular components leads to dephosphorylation and accumulation of the nuclear protein BZR1. How BR signaling regulates gene expression, however, remains unknown. Here we show that BZR1 is a transcriptional repressor that has a previously unknown DNA binding domain and binds directly to the promoters of feedback-regulated BR biosynthetic genes. Microarray analyses identified additional potential targets of BZR1 and illustrated, together with physiological studies, that BZR1 coordinates BR homeostasis and signaling by playing dual roles in regulating BR biosynthesis and downstream growth responses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2925132/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2925132/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉He, Jun-Xian -- Gendron, Joshua M -- Sun, Yu -- Gampala, Srinivas S L -- Gendron, Nathan -- Sun, Catherine Qing -- Wang, Zhi-Yong -- 5T32GM007276/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM066258/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM066258-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM66258-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 11;307(5715):1634-8. Epub 2005 Jan 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*genetics/growth & development/physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; Genes, Reporter ; Homeostasis ; Light ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phenotype ; Plant Growth Regulators/biosynthesis/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Steroids/biosynthesis/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Study on convection improvement of standard vacuum tube (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-10
    Description: For the standard all-glass vacuum tube collector, enhancing the vacuum tube axial natural convection can improve its thermal efficiency. According to the study of the standard all-glass vacuum tube, three kinds of guide plates which can inhibit the radial convection and increase axial natural convection are designed, and theory model is established. Experiments were carried out on vacuum tubes with three types of baffles and standard vacuum tubes without the improvement. The results show that T-type guide plate is better than that of Y-type guide plate on restraining convection and increasing axial radial convection effect, Y type is better than that of flat plate type, all guide plates are better than no change; the thermal efficiency of the tube was 2.6% higher than that of the unmodified standard vacuum tube. The efficiency of the system in the experiment can be increased by 3.1%.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 6
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    Design of solar adsorption refrigeration system with CPC and study on the heat and mass transfer performance (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-10
    Description: To overcome the problem that the heat source temperature is limited and the lower part of the adsorption tube cannot effectively absorb the solar radiation when solar radiation as the heat source of the adsorption refrigeration system. From the perspective of enhancing the adsorption refrigeration unit tube to absorb solar radiation, thereby strengthening the heat transfer characteristic of adsorption bed, which can improve the efficiency of the refrigeration unit refrigerating capacity and system refrigeration efficiency. Solar adsorption refrigeration system based on CPC was designed and constructed in this paper. The heat and mass transfer performance of the adsorption refrigeration system were studied. The experimental results show that the temperature of the adsorption bed with parabolic concentrating structure can rise to 100°C under low irradiation condition. When the irradiation intensity is 600 w/m 2 and 400 w/m 2 , the average temperature rising to d...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple binding modes for the receptor-bound conformations of cyclic AII agonists (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 36 (1993), S. 1902-1913 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00065a013
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-activity relationships of C-terminal endothelin hexapeptide antagonists (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 36 (1993), S. 2585-2594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00070a001
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term patterns in growth of Oneida Lake walleye: a multivariate and stage-explicit approach for applying the von Bertalanffy growth function (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 66 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Total length (LT) and its inter annual variation of walleye Sander vitreus from Oneida Lake, New York, based on 51 years (1950–2000) of data for ages 1 to 7 years were analysed. Growth increased over time at young ages, did not change at intermediate ages and decreased at old ages. Total length at age increased over time to age 4 or 5 years, but was stable at older ages. Principle component analysis was used to study the pattern of variations in annual LT increments among years. More than 92 and 91% of inter annual variability in growth was described by the first three principal components for males and females, respectively. The first principal component was a general indicator of annual growth at all ages, but was dominated by annual growth at intermediate ages. The second and third principal components represented contrasts among yearling LT, yearling growth and growth at older ages. Therefore, changes in the three stage-specific parameters, yearling LT, yearling growth and asymptotic LT, explained most of the variance in observed growth. Using these three stage-specific parameters for the von Bertalanffy growth function facilitated interpretations of growth comparisons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00696.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential for biparental cytoplasmic inheritance in Jasminum officinale and Jasminum nudiflorum (1998)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 11 (1998), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Key words Plastid ; Mitochondrion ; Biparental cytoplasmic inheritance ; Jasminum officinale ; Jasminum nudiflorum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Mature Jasminum officinale and J. nudiflorum pollen grains were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and examined by epifluorescence microscopy. The pollen grains were found to be trinucleate, and the sperm cells in both species contained a large number of epifluorescent spots that corresponded to cytoplasmic DNA aggregates (nucleoids). The nucleoids of J. nudiflorum were observed to be dimorphic under the epifluorescence microscope, indicating that the sperm cells might contain both plastid and mitochondrial DNA. The nucleoids of J. officinale presented a similar appearance when stained with DAPI, but electron microscopic examination of the sperm cells revealed that they contained both plastids and mitochondria. When analyzed by DNA immunogold electron microscopy, gold particles were detected on both plastids and mitochondria. These findings demonstrated the preservation of plastid and mitochondrial DNA in mature sperm cells and thus the potential for biparental cytoplasmic inheritance in J. officinale and J. nudiflorum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004970050126
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