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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-04-26
    Description: The Solomon Sea is a marginal sea in the southwest Pacific that connects subtropical and equatorial circulation, constricting transport of South Pacific Subtropical Mode Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water through its deep, narrow channels. Marginal sea topography inhibits internal waves from propagating out and into the open ocean, making these regions hot spots for energy dissipation and mixing. Data from two hydrographic cruises and from Argo profiles are employed to indirectly infer mixing from observations for the first time in the Solomon Sea. Thorpe and finescale methods indirectly estimate the rate of dissipation of kinetic energy ( ϵ ) and indicate that it is maximum in the surface and thermocline layers and decrease by 2-3 orders of magnitude by 2000 m depth. Estimates of diapycnal diffusivity from the observations and a simple diffusive model agree in magnitude but have different depth structures, likely reflecting the combined influence of both diapycnal mixing and isopycnal stirring. Spatial variability of ϵ is large, spanning at least two orders of magnitude within isopycnal layers. Seasonal variability of ϵ reflects regional monsoonal changes in large-scale oceanic and atmospheric conditions with ϵ increased in July and decreased in March. Finally, tide power input and topographic roughness are well correlated with mean spatial patterns of mixing within intermediate and deep isopycnals but aren't clearly correlated with thermocline mixing patterns.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-02-12
    Description: The meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is a global system of surface, intermediate, and deep ocean currents. The MOC connects the surface layer of the ocean and the atmosphere with the huge reservoir of the deep sea and is the primary mechanism for transporting heat, freshwater, and carbon between ocean basins. Climate models show that past changes in the strength of the MOC were linked to historical climate variations. Further research suggests that the MOC will continue to modulate climate change scenarios on time scales ranging from decades to centuries [ Latif et al ., 2006].
    Print ISSN: 0096-3941
    Electronic ISSN: 2324-9250
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-10-15
    Description: The Southwest Pacific Ocean Circulation and Climate Experiment (SPICE) is an international research program under the auspices of CLIVAR. The key objectives are to understand the Southwest Pacific Ocean circulation and the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) dynamics, as well as their influence on regional and basin-scale climate patterns. South Pacific thermocline waters are transported in the westward flowing South Equatorial Current (SEC) toward Australia and Papua-New Guinea. On its way, the SEC encounters the numerous islands and straits of the Southwest Pacific and forms boundary currents and jets that eventually redistribute water to the equator and high latitudes. The transit in the Coral, Solomon and Tasman Seas is of great importance to the climate system because changes in either the temperature or the amount of water arriving at the equator have the capability to modulate the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, while the southward transports influence the climate and biodiversity in the Tasman Sea. After seven years of substantial in situ oceanic observational and modeling efforts, our understanding of the region has much improved. We have a refined description of the SPCZ behavior, boundary currents, pathways and water mass transformation, including the previously undocumented Solomon Sea. The transports are large and vary substantially in a counter-intuitive way, with asymmetries and gating effects that depend on time scales. This paper provides a review of recent advancements, and discusses our current knowledge gaps and important emerging research directions.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2008-05-03
    Description: Oxygen-poor waters occupy large volumes of the intermediate-depth eastern tropical oceans. Oxygen-poor conditions have far-reaching impacts on ecosystems because important mobile macroorganisms avoid or cannot survive in hypoxic zones. Climate models predict declines in oceanic dissolved oxygen produced by global warming. We constructed 50-year time series of dissolved-oxygen concentration for select tropical oceanic regions by augmenting a historical database with recent measurements. These time series reveal vertical expansion of the intermediate-depth low-oxygen zones in the eastern tropical Atlantic and the equatorial Pacific during the past 50 years. The oxygen decrease in the 300- to 700-m layer is 0.09 to 0.34 micromoles per kilogram per year. Reduced oxygen levels may have dramatic consequences for ecosystems and coastal economies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stramma, Lothar -- Johnson, Gregory C -- Sprintall, Janet -- Mohrholz, Volker -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 2;320(5876):655-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1153847.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Meereswissenschaften an der Universitat Kiel (IFM-GEOMAR), Dusternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany. lstramma@ifm-geomar.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18451300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-06-19
    Description: Pacific Ocean western boundary currents and the interlinked equatorial Pacific circulation system were among the first currents of these types to be explored by pioneering oceanographers. The widely accepted but poorly quantified importance of these currents-in processes such as the El Nino/Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Indonesian Throughflow-has triggered renewed interest. Ongoing efforts are seeking to understand the heat and mass balances of the equatorial Pacific, and possible changes associated with greenhouse-gas-induced climate change. Only a concerted international effort will close the observational, theoretical and technical gaps currently limiting a robust answer to these elusive questions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hu, Dunxin -- Wu, Lixin -- Cai, Wenju -- Gupta, Alex Sen -- Ganachaud, Alexandre -- Qiu, Bo -- Gordon, Arnold L -- Lin, Xiaopei -- Chen, Zhaohui -- Hu, Shijian -- Wang, Guojian -- Wang, Qingye -- Sprintall, Janet -- Qu, Tangdong -- Kashino, Yuji -- Wang, Fan -- Kessler, William S -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 18;522(7556):299-308. doi: 10.1038/nature14504.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China. ; Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. ; 1] Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China [2] CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Victoria 3195, Australia. ; Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, Mathews Building, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia. ; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), UMR5566-LEGOS, UPS (OMP-PCA), 31400 Toulouse, France. ; Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. ; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Earth Institute at Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, USA. ; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Victoria 3195, Australia. ; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; IPRC, Department of Oceanography, SOEST, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. ; Center for Earth Information Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) 3173-25 Showa-machi Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan. ; NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26085269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate ; *Climate Change ; El Nino-Southern Oscillation ; Hot Temperature ; Pacific Ocean ; Uncertainty ; *Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-01-11
    Description: [1]  Time series observations during 2004-2006 reveal the presence of 60-90 days intraseasonal events that impact the transport and mixing environment within Makassar Strait. The observed velocity and temperature fluctuations within the pycnocline reveal the presence of Kelvin waves including vertical energy propagation, energy equipartition, and non-dispersive relationship. Two current meters at 750 m and 1500 m provide further evidence that the vertical structure of the downwelling Kelvin wave resembles that of the second baroclinic wave mode. The Kelvin waves derive their energy from the equatorial Indian Ocean winds, including those associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillations, and propagate from Lombok Strait to Makassar Strait along the 100-misobath. The northward propagating Kelvin Waves within the pycnocline reduce the southward Makassar Strait throughflow by up to 2 Sv and mark increased vertical diffusivity.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-1634
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-1634
    Keywords: Infiltration ; layered soils ; impervious surface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The interaction of a wetting front with an impervious surface can be described very easily in the early stages of interaction by using a superposition principle. After the time when the superposition principle fails to describe the interaction properly, two flow regimes are analysed. For most of the interaction the profile is only affected by the impervious surface near that surface and in particular the inflow into the soil layer is unchanged. Then, only at the very end of the process is the inflow decreasing because of the impervious surface.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-1634
    Keywords: Infiltration ; layered soils ; superposition of solutions ; impervious surface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The interaction of a wetting front with an impervious layer is described by adding a reflected solution to the incoming solution for a semi-infinite medium. It is shown and checked by comparison with a numerical solution that the result is accurate during the early times of the interaction between the front and the impervious surface. This superposition principle is quite general and should prove especially useful to initiate numerical schemes by this analytical approximation as in the early times singularities are difficult to describe numerically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1995-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0169-3913
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1634
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Published by Springer
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