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  • 1
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    Wasp gene expression supports an evolutionary link between maternal behavior and eusociality (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: The presence of workers that forgo reproduction and care for their siblings is a defining feature of eusociality and a major challenge for evolutionary theory. It has been proposed that worker behavior evolved from maternal care behavior. We explored this idea by studying gene expression in the primitively eusocial wasp Polistes metricus. Because little genomic information existed for this species, we used 454 sequencing to generate 391,157 brain complementary DNA reads, resulting in robust hits to 3017 genes from the honey bee genome, from which we identified and assayed orthologs of 32 honey bee behaviorally related genes. Wasp brain gene expression in workers was more similar to that in foundresses, which show maternal care, than to that in queens and gynes, which do not. Insulin-related genes were among the differentially regulated genes, suggesting that the evolution of eusociality involved major nutritional and reproductive pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Toth, Amy L -- Varala, Kranthi -- Newman, Thomas C -- Miguez, Fernando E -- Hutchison, Stephen K -- Willoughby, David A -- Simons, Jan Fredrik -- Egholm, Michael -- Hunt, James H -- Hudson, Matthew E -- Robinson, Gene E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 19;318(5849):441-4. Epub 2007 Sep 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. amytoth@uiuc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/metabolism ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Insect ; Insect Proteins/genetics/physiology ; *Maternal Behavior ; Models, Animal ; Reproduction ; *Social Behavior ; Wasps/*genetics/metabolism/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Bivoltinism as an antecedent to eusociality in the paper wasp genus Polistes (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-12
    Description: To learn the evolutionary trajectories of caste differentiation in eusocial species is a major goal of sociobiology. We present an explanatory framework for caste evolution in the eusocial wasp genus Polistes (Vespidae), which is a model system for insect eusocial evolution. We hypothesize that Polistes worker and gyne castes stem from two developmental pathways that characterized the bivoltine life cycle of a solitary ancestor. Through individual-based simulations, we show that our mechanistic framework can reproduce colony-level characteristics of Polistes and, thereby, that social castes can emerge from solitary regulatory pathways. Our explanatory framework illustrates, by specific example, a changed perspective for understanding insect social evolution.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2408871/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2408871/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hunt, James H -- Amdam, Gro V -- P01 AG 22500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG022500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG022500-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 8;308(5719):264-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA. jimhunt@umsl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15821094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Larva/growth & development ; Life Cycle Stages ; Models, Biological ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Social Behavior ; Wasps/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Ecology. Cryptic herbivores of the rainforest canopy (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hunt, James H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 9;300(5621):916-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA. jimhunt@umsl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*physiology ; Biomass ; Carbon ; *Ecosystem ; Exudates and Transudates ; Feeding Behavior ; Insects/physiology ; Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis ; *Plants ; Population Density ; Predatory Behavior ; Selection, Genetic ; Symbiosis ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermo-optic investigation of heating during electrical breakdown in avalanche photodiodes (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 5054-5062 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have experimentally determined the internal temperature rise caused by electrical breakdown in a silicon avalanche photodiode by observing changes in the diode's optical properties. The spatial profile and temporal dependence of the temperature rise are both measured as a function of photodiode voltage. The results are consistent with a thermo-optic theoretical model, which assumes a scaling of the width of the breakdown filament that increases with the magnitude and duration of the steady-state breakdown current. The radius of the optical modulation was experimentally observed to range from about 1.5 to 3 μm. A single free parameter is used to obtain consistency between theory and experiment: the breakdown filament's full width at half maximum is assumed to equal 1.28 μm for an overvoltage of 10 V and a delay of 96 ns, for the diode studied. Modulation of the read beam was observed at a level as low as 10±6 absorbed photons per write pulse, demonstrating near-photon-counting response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357217
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of optical response of avalanche photodiodes at photon-counting light levels (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 2925-2927 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have demonstrated all-optical spatial light modulation at photon-counting light levels. Modulation is performed with a silicon avalanche photodiode operating as a Fizeau interferometer with optical thickness modulated by optically initiated, avalanche-induced heating. Modulation of 32% is achieved with off-the-shelf devices with writing beams using as few as 10 photons per pulse. The results represent the first spatially and temporally resolved measurements of avalanche breakdown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111413
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High stability single-mode continuous wave photolytic iodine laser (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 2741-2743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Operation of a high-efficiency single mode atomic iodine laser is reported. Although the operation of many photodissociation driven iodine laser have been reported recently, few of them deal with single axial and transverse mode operation, presumably due to the loss of output intensity caused by insertion of intracavity optical elements. Our laser system produces continuous wave operation at 420 mW in a transverse electromagnetic (TEM)00 mode. This corresponds to 23% conversion of output power compared to operation in a multimode fashion. The output power is stable over long periods of operation (8 h) with no adjustment of optics or cleaning of reactant supply.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110320
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of Rhinovirus by Isatin Thiosemicarbazone Analogues (1969)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 221 (1969), S. 286-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The following compounds were tested: (A) R = H; isatin 3-thiosemicarbazone; (B) R = CH3; 1-methylisatin 3-thiosemicarbazone; (C)3,10-Dimethyl-10H-s-triazolo[4,3 : 2,3]-as-triazino-[5,6-b]indole; (D) R = H; 3-[(5-methyl-5H-as-triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-yl)amino]-1-propanol; (E) R = CH3; ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/221286b0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of prey antigen half-life inPolistes metricus using a monoclonal antibody-based immunodot assay (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 68 (1993), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Hybridoma ; detectability period ; venom ; predation ; serology ; protease ; Vespidae ; Hymenoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In order to derive quantitative estimates of predation rate from serological gut analysis data, one must have an estimate of the interval during which a meal can be detected after feeding. In practice this has turned out to be ‘Dmax,’ defined as ‘...the time from finishing a meal until that meal could just no longer be detected in any individuals.’ However Dmax substitutes an absolute limit for what is really a continuous variable with significant variation. We examined this problem in a study of the detectability ofHelicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fifth instar remains in the guts ofPolistes metricus Say (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Wasps were maintained onTrichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fifth instars before being fed a singleH. zea fifth instar. They were killed and frozen at 0, 24, 48 and 96 h intervals, with those held for more than 24 h fed a singleT. ni fifth instar at 24 h intervals in order to simulate continued feeding. Wasp abdomens were assayed by immunodot, using a monoclonal antibody toH. zea arylphorin. There was a logarithmic decay in the proportion ofP. metricus positive over time, a singleH. zea fifth instar meal having a detectability half-life of 19.4 h at field temperatures. If prey antigen detectability decays exponentially, then a detectability half-life is a more appropriate unit of detectability than an absolute detectability period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380575
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age correlated changes in midgut protease activity of the honeybee,Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) (1980)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 1347-1348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Forager (older) worker honeybees typically have lower midgut activity levels of chymotrypsin and trypsin than do house (younger) worker honeybees. A relation between the age correlated enzymic change and an age correlated decrease in pollen consumption is not clearly demonstrable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01960089
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resolution of Chlorpheniramine and the Pharmacological Properties of its Isomers (1959)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 183 (1959), S. 734-735 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] CHLORPHENIBAMINE maleate ('Piriton', Allen V (and Hanburys, Ltd.) [3-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-(2/-pyridyl)-NN-dimethyl propylamine maleate]1.2 is a potent antihistamine3. We wish to report its resolution, and the physical constants, and the pharmacological properties of its optical isomers. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/183734a0
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