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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2001-05-19
    Description: The gas activity of comet C/1999 S4 (LINEAR) was monitored at radio wavelengths during its disruption. A runaway fragmentation of the nucleus may have begun around 18 July 2000 and proceeded until 23 July. The mass in small icy debris (〈/=30-centimeter radius) was comparable to the mass in the large fragments seen in optical images. The mass budget after breakup suggests a small nucleus ( approximately 100- to 300-meter radius) that had been losing debris for weeks. The HNC, H2CO, H2S, and CS abundances relative to H2O measured during breakup are consistent with those obtained in other comets. However, a deficiency in CH3OH and CO is observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bockelee-Morvan, D -- Biver, N -- Moreno, R -- Colom, P -- Crovisier, J -- Gerard, E -- Henry, F -- Lis, D C -- Matthews, H -- Weaver, H A -- Womack, M -- Festou, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1339-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, F-92195, Meudon, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11359003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1998-03-28
    Description: Deuterated hydrogen cyanide (DCN) was detected in a comet, C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), with the use of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The inferred deuterium/hydrogen (D/H) ratio in hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is (D/H)HCN = (2.3 +/- 0.4) x 10(-3). This ratio is higher than the D/H ratio found in cometary water and supports the interstellar origin of cometary ices. The observed values of D/H in water and HCN imply a kinetic temperature 〉/=30 +/- 10 K in the fragment of interstellar cloud that formed the solar system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meier, R -- Owen, T C -- Jewitt, D C -- Matthews, H E -- Senay, M -- Biver, N -- Bockel e-Morvan, D -- Crovisier, J -- Gautier, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 13;279(5357):1707-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Hawaii, Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. meier@uhifa.ifa.hawaii.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9497286" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Deuterium/*analysis ; Hydrogen Cyanide/*analysis ; Ice ; *Meteoroids ; Temperature ; Water
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1998-02-28
    Description: Deuterated water (HDO) was detected in comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) with the use of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The inferred D/H ratio in Hale-Bopp's water is (3.3 +/- 0.8) x 10(-4). This result is consistent with in situ measurements of comet P/Halley and the value found in C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake). This D/H ratio, higher than that in terrestrial water and more than 10 times the value for protosolar H2, implies that comets cannot be the only source for the oceans on Earth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meier, R -- Owen, T C -- Matthews, H E -- Jewitt, D C -- Bockelee-Morvan, D -- Biver, N -- Crovisier, J -- Gautier, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 6;279(5352):842-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Hawaii, Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9452379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Deuterium Oxide/*analysis ; Ice ; *Meteoroids ; Temperature ; Water/*analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1997-03-28
    Description: The activity of comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) was monitored monthly by optical imaging and long-slit spectroscopy of its dust and gas distribution over heliocentric distances of 4.6 to 2.9 astronomical units. The observed band intensities of the NH2 radical and the H2O+ ion cannot be explained by existing models of fluorescence excitation, warranting a reexamination of the corresponding production rates, at least at large heliocentric distances. Comparing the production rate of the CN radical to its proposed parent, HCN, shows no evidence for the need of a major additional source for CN in Hale-Bopp at large heliocentric distances. The dust and CN production rates are consistent with a significant amount of sublimation occurring from icy dust grains surrounding Hale-Bopp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rauer, H -- Arpigny, C -- Boehnhardt, H -- Colas, F -- Crovisier, J -- Jorda, L -- Kuppers, M -- Manfroid, J -- Rembor, K -- Thomas, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 28;275(5308):1909-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, 5, Place Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France. rauer@mesiob.obspm.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9072962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ammonia/analysis ; Carbon Monoxide/analysis ; Cosmic Dust ; Gases ; Ice ; *Meteoroids ; Nitriles/analysis ; Spectrum Analysis ; Temperature ; Water
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1997-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rauer, H -- Arpigny, C -- Boehnhardt, H -- Colas, F -- Crovisier, J -- Jorda, L -- Kuppers, M -- Manfroid, J -- Rembor, K -- Thomas, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1526-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9304217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Meteoroids ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/*analysis ; Temperature ; Water/*analysis
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1997-03-28
    Description: Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) was observed at wavelengths from 2.4 to 195 micrometers with the Infrared Space Observatory when the comet was about 2.9 astronomical units (AU) from the sun. The main observed volatiles that sublimated from the nucleus ices were water, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in a ratio (by number) of 10:6:2. These species are also the main observed constituents of ices in dense interstellar molecular clouds; this observation strengthens the links between cometary and interstellar material. Several broad emission features observed in the 7- to 45-micrometer region suggest the presence of silicates, particularly magnesium-rich crystalline olivine. These features are similar to those observed in the dust envelopes of Vega-type stars.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crovisier, J -- Leech, K -- Bockelee-Morvan, D -- Brooke, T Y -- Hanner, M S -- Altieri, B -- Keller, H U -- Lellouch, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 28;275(5308):1904-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, F-92195 Meudon, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9072960" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Carbon Monoxide/analysis ; Cosmic Dust ; Ice ; Iron Compounds/analysis ; Magnesium Compounds/analysis ; *Meteoroids ; Silicates/analysis ; Spectrum Analysis ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1997-03-28
    Description: Spectra obtained from ground-based radio telescopes show the progressive release of CO, CH3OH, HCN, H2O (from OH), H2S, CS, H2CO, CH3CN, and HNC as comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 01) approached the sun from 6.9 to 1.4 astronomical units (AU). The more volatile species were relatively more abundant in the coma far from the sun, but there was no direct correlation between overabundance and volatility. Evidence for H2O sublimation from icy grains was seen beyond 3.5 AU from the sun. The change from a CO-driven coma to an H2O-driven coma occurred at about 3 AU. The gas outflow velocity and temperature increased as Hale-Bopp approached the sun.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Biver, N -- Bockelee-Morvan, D -- Colom, P -- Crovisier, J -- Davies, J K -- Dent, W R -- Despois, D -- Gerard, E -- Lellouch, E -- Rauer, H -- Moreno, R -- Paubert, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 28;275(5308):1915-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, F-92195 Meudon, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9072964" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/analysis ; Carbon Monoxide/analysis ; Cosmic Dust ; Gases ; Hydrogen/analysis ; Ice ; *Meteoroids ; Methanol/analysis ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Spectrum Analysis ; Temperature ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2005-09-10
    Description: On 4 July 2005, many observatories around the world and in space observed the collision of Deep Impact with comet 9P/Tempel 1 or its aftermath. This was an unprecedented coordinated observational campaign. These data show that (i) there was new material after impact that was compositionally different from that seen before impact; (ii) the ratio of dust mass to gas mass in the ejecta was much larger than before impact; (iii) the new activity did not last more than a few days, and by 9 July the comet's behavior was indistinguishable from its pre-impact behavior; and (iv) there were interesting transient phenomena that may be correlated with cratering physics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meech, K J -- Ageorges, N -- A'Hearn, M F -- Arpigny, C -- Ates, A -- Aycock, J -- Bagnulo, S -- Bailey, J -- Barber, R -- Barrera, L -- Barrena, R -- Bauer, J M -- Belton, M J S -- Bensch, F -- Bhattacharya, B -- Biver, N -- Blake, G -- Bockelee-Morvan, D -- Boehnhardt, H -- Bonev, B P -- Bonev, T -- Buie, M W -- Burton, M G -- Butner, H M -- Cabanac, R -- Campbell, R -- Campins, H -- Capria, M T -- Carroll, T -- Chaffee, F -- Charnley, S B -- Cleis, R -- Coates, A -- Cochran, A -- Colom, P -- Conrad, A -- Coulson, I M -- Crovisier, J -- deBuizer, J -- Dekany, R -- de Leon, J -- Dello Russo, N -- Delsanti, A -- DiSanti, M -- Drummond, J -- Dundon, L -- Etzel, P B -- Farnham, T L -- Feldman, P -- Fernandez, Y R -- Filipovic, M D -- Fisher, S -- Fitzsimmons, A -- Fong, D -- Fugate, R -- Fujiwara, H -- Fujiyoshi, T -- Furusho, R -- Fuse, T -- Gibb, E -- Groussin, O -- Gulkis, S -- Gurwell, M -- Hadamcik, E -- Hainaut, O -- Harker, D -- Harrington, D -- Harwit, M -- Hasegawa, S -- Hergenrother, C W -- Hirst, P -- Hodapp, K -- Honda, M -- Howell, E S -- Hutsemekers, D -- Iono, D -- Ip, W-H -- Jackson, W -- Jehin, E -- Jiang, Z J -- Jones, G H -- Jones, P A -- Kadono, T -- Kamath, U W -- Kaufl, H U -- Kasuga, T -- Kawakita, H -- Kelley, M S -- Kerber, F -- Kidger, M -- Kinoshita, D -- Knight, M -- Lara, L -- Larson, S M -- Lederer, S -- Lee, C-F -- Levasseur-Regourd, A C -- Li, J Y -- Li, Q-S -- Licandro, J -- Lin, Z-Y -- Lisse, C M -- LoCurto, G -- Lovell, A J -- Lowry, S C -- Lyke, J -- Lynch, D -- Ma, J -- Magee-Sauer, K -- Maheswar, G -- Manfroid, J -- Marco, O -- Martin, P -- Melnick, G -- Miller, S -- Miyata, T -- Moriarty-Schieven, G H -- Moskovitz, N -- Mueller, B E A -- Mumma, M J -- Muneer, S -- Neufeld, D A -- Ootsubo, T -- Osip, D -- Pandea, S K -- Pantin, E -- Paterno-Mahler, R -- Patten, B -- Penprase, B E -- Peck, A -- Petitas, G -- Pinilla-Alonso, N -- Pittichova, J -- Pompei, E -- Prabhu, T P -- Qi, C -- Rao, R -- Rauer, H -- Reitsema, H -- Rodgers, S D -- Rodriguez, P -- Ruane, R -- Ruch, G -- Rujopakarn, W -- Sahu, D K -- Sako, S -- Sakon, I -- Samarasinha, N -- Sarkissian, J M -- Saviane, I -- Schirmer, M -- Schultz, P -- Schulz, R -- Seitzer, P -- Sekiguchi, T -- Selman, F -- Serra-Ricart, M -- Sharp, R -- Snell, R L -- Snodgrass, C -- Stallard, T -- Stecklein, G -- Sterken, C -- Stuwe, J A -- Sugita, S -- Sumner, M -- Suntzeff, N -- Swaters, R -- Takakuwa, S -- Takato, N -- Thomas-Osip, J -- Thompson, E -- Tokunaga, A T -- Tozzi, G P -- Tran, H -- Troy, M -- Trujillo, C -- Van Cleve, J -- Vasundhara, R -- Vazquez, R -- Vilas, F -- Villanueva, G -- von Braun, K -- Vora, P -- Wainscoat, R J -- Walsh, K -- Watanabe, J -- Weaver, H A -- Weaver, W -- Weiler, M -- Weissman, P R -- Welsh, W F -- Wilner, D -- Wolk, S -- Womack, M -- Wooden, D -- Woodney, L M -- Woodward, C -- Wu, Z-Y -- Wu, J-H -- Yamashita, T -- Yang, B -- Yang, Y-B -- Yokogawa, S -- Zook, A C -- Zauderer, A -- Zhao, X -- Zhou, X -- Zucconi, J-M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):265-9. Epub 2005 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16150977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cosmic Dust ; Jupiter ; *Meteoroids ; Organic Chemicals ; Photometry
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-10-07
    Description: For decades, the source of Earth's volatiles, especially water with a deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio (D/H) of (1.558 +/- 0.001) x 10(-4), has been a subject of debate. The similarity of Earth's bulk composition to that of meteorites known as enstatite chondrites suggests a dry proto-Earth with subsequent delivery of volatiles by local accretion or impacts of asteroids or comets. Previous measurements in six comets from the Oort cloud yielded a mean D/H ratio of (2.96 +/- 0.25) x 10(-4). The D/H value in carbonaceous chondrites, (1.4 +/- 0.1) x 10(-4), together with dynamical simulations, led to models in which asteroids were the main source of Earth's water, with 〈/=10 per cent being delivered by comets. Here we report that the D/H ratio in the Jupiter-family comet 103P/Hartley 2, which originated in the Kuiper belt, is (1.61 +/- 0.24) x 10(-4). This result substantially expands the reservoir of Earth ocean-like water to include some comets, and is consistent with the emerging picture of a complex dynamical evolution of the early Solar System.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hartogh, Paul -- Lis, Dariusz C -- Bockelee-Morvan, Dominique -- de Val-Borro, Miguel -- Biver, Nicolas -- Kuppers, Michael -- Emprechtinger, Martin -- Bergin, Edwin A -- Crovisier, Jacques -- Rengel, Miriam -- Moreno, Raphael -- Szutowicz, Slawomira -- Blake, Geoffrey A -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 5;478(7368):218-20. doi: 10.1038/nature10519.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany. hartogh@mps.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21976024" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-01-24
    Description: The 'snowline' conventionally divides Solar System objects into dry bodies, ranging out to the main asteroid belt, and icy bodies beyond the belt. Models suggest that some of the icy bodies may have migrated into the asteroid belt. Recent observations indicate the presence of water ice on the surface of some asteroids, with sublimation a potential reason for the dust activity observed on others. Hydrated minerals have been found on the surface of the largest object in the asteroid belt, the dwarf planet (1) Ceres, which is thought to be differentiated into a silicate core with an icy mantle. The presence of water vapour around Ceres was suggested by a marginal detection of the photodissociation product of water, hydroxyl (ref. 12), but could not be confirmed by later, more sensitive observations. Here we report the detection of water vapour around Ceres, with at least 10(26) molecules being produced per second, originating from localized sources that seem to be linked to mid-latitude regions on the surface. The water evaporation could be due to comet-like sublimation or to cryo-volcanism, in which volcanoes erupt volatiles such as water instead of molten rocks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuppers, Michael -- O'Rourke, Laurence -- Bockelee-Morvan, Dominique -- Zakharov, Vladimir -- Lee, Seungwon -- von Allmen, Paul -- Carry, Benoit -- Teyssier, David -- Marston, Anthony -- Muller, Thomas -- Crovisier, Jacques -- Barucci, M Antonietta -- Moreno, Raphael -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jan 23;505(7484):525-7. doi: 10.1038/nature12918.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Space Agency, European Space Astronomy Centre, PO Box 78, Villanueva de la Canada 28691, Spain. ; Laboratoire d'etudes spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Universite Paris-Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France. ; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, La Canada Flintridge, California 91011, USA. ; 1] European Space Agency, European Space Astronomy Centre, PO Box 78, Villanueva de la Canada 28691, Spain [2] Institut de Mecanique Celeste et de Calcul des Ephemerides, Observatoire de Paris, Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8028, CNRS, 77 Avenue Denfert Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France. ; Max-Planck-Institut fur extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Giessenbachstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24451541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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