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  • 1
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    Laser microsurgery in cell and developmental biology (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: New applications of laser microbeam irradiation to cell and developmental biology include a new instrument with a tunable wavelength (217- to 800-nanometer) laser microbeam and a wide range of energies and exposure durations (down to 25 X 10(-12) second). Laser microbeams can be used for microirradiation of selected nucleolar genetic regions and for laser microdissection of mitotic and cytoplasmic organelles. They are also used to disrupt the developing neurosensory appendages of the cricket and the imaginal discs of Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berns, M W -- Aist, J -- Edwards, J -- Strahs, K -- Girton, J -- McNeill, P -- Rattner, J B -- Kitzes, M -- Hammer-Wilson, M -- Liaw, L H -- Siemens, A -- Koonce, M -- Peterson, S -- Brenner, S -- Burt, J -- Walter, R -- Bryant, P J -- van Dyk, D -- Coulombe, J -- Cahill, T -- Berns, G S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):505-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Chloroplasts/physiology ; Drosophila ; *Lasers ; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast ; Microsurgery/*methods ; Mitochondria/physiology ; Mitosis ; Neurons/physiology ; Plant Physiological Phenomena
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Cell wall appositions and plant disease resistance: Acoustic microscopy of papillae that block fungal ingress (1980)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Papillae and Related Wound Plugs of Plant Cells (1976)
    Annual Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 1976-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0066-4286
    Electronic ISSN: 1545-2107
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Annual Reviews
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  • 4
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    Laser Microsurgery in Cell and Developmental Biology (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Papillae and Related Wound Plugs of Plant Cells (1976)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 14 (1976), S. 145-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.14.090176.001045
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural basis of mitosis in the fungusNectria haematococca (sexual stage ofFusarium solani) (1991)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 161 (1991), S. 111-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Aster ; Fungus ; Filament ; Microtubule ; Mitosis ; Nectria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Microtubules (MTs) in the mitotic asters of the fungusNectria haematococca (teleomorph ofFusarium solani f. sp.pisi) pull on the spindle pole bodies (SPBs) during anaphase. To elucidate the structural basis of astral forces, we conducted an ultrastructural study using primarily freeze-substitution, three-dimensional reconstruction, and computerized numerical data acquisition and analysis. The asters were composed of numerous (68–171), mostly short (〈0.5 μm) MTs and varied widely in total MT length (34–83 μm). Both the number and total length of MTs varied up to twofold or more among asters, even between the two asters of the same mitotic apparatus (MA). Surprisingly, less than one half (38%) of the MTs in each aster were attached to the SPB. Both the number and total length of these polar MTs varied up to twofold between the two asters of the same MA. Some asters included MTs oriented back toward the opposite SPB, whereas others did not, and the number and total length of such MTs varied among asters. These results are best interpreted by assuming that astral MTs inN. haematococca have a rapid rate of turnover and exhibit dynamic instability. Any of these parameters of astral architecture could vary during mitosis and thereby give rise to the oscillations of the mitotic apparatus that occur during anaphase B by generating unequal and fluctuating forces in the two sister asters. Astral MTs were arranged asymmetrically around the astral axis, and this asymmetry could produce the lateral movements of the SPB that occur during anaphase B. An apparently extensive system of 10nm filaments occurred in these cells, and some astral MTs were associated either terminally (at the plasma membrane) or laterally with these filaments. Such associations could be involved in the development and maintenance of astral forces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01322724
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural basis of mitosis in the fungusNectria haematococca (sexual stage ofFusarium solani) (1991)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 161 (1991), S. 123-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Fungus ; Kinetochore ; Microtubule ; Mitosis ; Nectria ; Spindle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The anaphase B spindle in the fungusNectria haematococca elongates considerably at a nearly constant rate, regulating the rate at which the asters are allowed to separate the spindle pole bodies (SPBs). To elucidate the ultrastructural basis of the elongation process, we determined the three-dimensional architecture of spindles by reconstructing them from serial thin-sections of freeze-substituted mitotic cells. We also quantified the microtubules (MTs) of the spindles using the same digitized data sets and illustrated the ultrastructure of the kinetochores (KCs). KCs were found to have a fibrillar component that bridges the gap between the end of the kinetochore microtubule (kMT) and the chromatin. The kMTs were inserted in the KCs at metaphase but were pulled out during anaphase A. The transition from metaphase to anaphase was further characterized by narrowing of the spindle, bundling of MTs, and a large reduction in the number and total length of MTs as well as in the number of polar MTs (pMTs). Thereafter, as the spindle continued to elongate and narrowed progressively through late anaphase B, the shortest MTs (〈0.5 μm long) were selectively depolymerized, whereas longer ones in all length classes were maintained in similar numbers and proportions. There was no increase in either the number of longer MTs or the maximum length of MTs during anaphase, suggesting that MT growth did not contribute to spindle elongation. Furthermore, active sliding between antiparallel pMTs could not have contributed to spindle elongation, because there was no such MT overlap during anaphase. A careful examination of extant models of spindle elongation in light of these and related findings has led us to favor, instead, a telescoping model forN. haematococca in which the bundled MTs at the beginning of anaphase B are pulled out and slid passively past each other by astral forces acting on the SPBs, to form a very narrow, highly elongated central spindle by the end of anaphase B.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01322725
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural basis of mitosis in the fungusNectria haematococca (sexual stage ofFusarium solani) (1991)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 161 (1991), S. 137-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Aster ; Bridge ; Fungus ; Microtubule ; Mitosis ; Spindle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have shown that in the fungusNectria haematococca (the sexual stage ofFusarium solani f. sp.pisi), the central spindle regulates the rate at which the asters pull apart the spindle pole bodies (SPBs) during anaphase B. These controlled movements are likely to be dependent upon lateral interactions between the microtubules (MTs) of both the central spindle and the asters. Since molecular bridges between MTs are known to play structural and motive roles in MT-based activities, such bridges are likely to be present in both of these areas of the mitotic apparatus. Therefore, in this study we have examined the potential for bridging between MTs, and the arrangement of intermicrotubule bridges in the mitotic apparatus ofN. haematococca. Using three-dimensional reconstruction analysis of serial thin sections, we found that 70% of the MTs in anaphase A central spindles, 902–100% in anaphase B spindles, and an average of 46% of astral MTs were sufficiently close to each other (i.e., within 70 nm center-to-center) for bridging to occur. Structures resembling intermicrotubule bridges were seen in electron micrographs between parallel MTs of both the central spindle and the asters. Microdensitometer-computer correlation analysis of the putative bridges identified them as having a nonrandom arrangement along the MT that was compatible with a 14-dimer helical superlattice. Intermicrotubule bridges in the anaphase B central spindle could: (i) enhance its strength by bundling the MTs, (ii) stabilize a portion of the MTs against depolymerization, thereby allowing the spindle to persist to an advanced stage of elongation, and (iii) generate forces within the spindle that counter the pull of the asters, thus regulating the rate of spindle elongation. In the aster, intermicrotubule bridges could increase the amount of astral pulling force applied to the SPB by (i) generating intertubule motive forces and/or (ii) enlarging the functional domain of the aster through structural linkages between polar MTs and free MTs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01322726
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of MBC on hyphal tip organization, growth, and mitosis ofFusarium acuminatum, and their antagonism by D2O (1977)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 92 (1977), S. 195-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Effects of treatment with methyl benzimidazole-2-ylcarbamate (MBC) on living hyphal tip cells ofFusarium acuminatum were determined with phase contrast light microscopy. These included (i) displacement of mitochondria from hyphal apices, (ii) disappearance of Spitzenkörpers, (iii) reduction of linear growth rate, and (iv) metaphase arrest of all mitoses: responses i–iii were not a result of effects on mitosis. Since all of these responses theoretically could have resulted from an MBC effect on microtubule structure and/or function, heavy water (D2O) was used to counteract MBC. Treatments of hyphae with MBC + D2O caused quantitative responses, i–iii above, intermediate between those to the separate reagents, and some nuclei of these hyphae were not arrested at mitosis. Moreover, several nuclei fragmented (multimicronucleation) in a manner apparently similar to mammalian nuclei treated with antitubulin agents. Thus, the effects of MBC on apical organization, Spitzenkörper integrity, hyphal growth and mitosis could have been mediated through interference with microtubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279458
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