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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 98 (1994), S. 12746-12752 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 97 (1993), S. 11542-11550 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    General and Comparative Endocrinology 87 (1992), S. 471-480 
    ISSN: 0016-6480
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0022-1910
    Keywords: Apis mellifera ; corpora allata ; division of labour ; honey bee ; juvenile hormone ; social insects
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Animal Behaviour 48 (1994), S. 467-469 
    ISSN: 0003-3472
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 183 (1998), S. 143-152 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key wordsApis mellifera ; Division of labor ; Juvenile hormone ; Behavioral development ; Primer pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies suggest that older honey bee workers possess an inhibitory signal that regulates behavioral development in younger bees. To study how this inhibitor is transmitted, bees were reared for 7 days in double-screen cages, single-screen cages, or unrestricted in a typical colony (control bees). Double-screen cages prevented physical contact with colony members while single-screen cages allowed only antennation and food exchange. Bees reared in double-screen cages showed accelerated endocrine and behavioral development; they had significantly higher rates of juvenile hormone biosynthesis and juvenile hormone titers than did control bees and also were more likely to become precocious foragers. Relative to the other two groups, bees reared in single-screen cages showed intermediate juvenile hormone biosynthesis rates and titers, and intermediate rates of behavioral development. These results indicate that physical contact is required for total inhibition. We also began to test the hypothesis that worker mandibular glands are the sources of an inhibitory signal. Old bees with mandibular glands removed were significantly less inhibitory towards young bees than were sham-operated and unoperated bees. These results suggest that an inhibitor is produced by the worker mandibular glands.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 174 (1994), S. 731-739 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Corpora allata ; Division of labor ; Hypopharyngeal glands ; Juvenile hormone ; Social insects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hormone analyses and exocrine gland measurements were made to probe for physiological correlates of division of labor among similarly aged adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Middle-age bees (ca. 2 weeks old) performing different tasks showed significant differences in both juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis rates and hemolymph titers; guards and undertakers had high JH, and wax producers and food storers, low JH. Guards and undertakers had similar hormone levels to foragers, even though they were 10 days younger than foragers. No differences in JH were detected among young bees (1-week-old queen attendants and nurses) or older bees (3–4 week-old pollen foragers, non-pollen foragers, and soldiers). Hypopharyngeal gland size was inversely correlated with worker age and rate of JH biosynthesis, but soldiers had significantly larger hypopharyngeal glands than did foragers, despite their similar age and JH level. Results from soldiers indicate that exocrine gland development is not always linked with age-related behavior and endocrine development; they also support the recent claim that soldiers constitute a group of older bees that are distinct from foragers. Hormonal analyses indicate that the current model of JH's role in honey bee division of labor needs to be expanded because high levels of JH are associated with several other tasks besides foraging. JH may be involved in the regulation of division of labor among similarly aged workers in addition to its role in age-related division of labor.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 36 (1989), S. 264-276 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume On examine différents facteurs qui pourraient affecter l'activité des glandes hypopharyngiennes (HP) des ouvrières d'Abeille, tels que l'âge des ouvrières, les stades de développement du couvain et le moment d'introduction ou de retrait du couvain. L'âge des abeilles exerce une influence marquée sur l'activité des glandes HP; celle-ci est corrélée avec la croissance et la résorption des glandes décrites dans la littérature. Seules les larves sont aptes à activer les glandes HP, alors que les œufs et les nymphes ne le sont pas. Les glandes de l'abeille restent inactives pendant trois jours après le début du nourrissage des larves; elles conservent leur activité pendant trois jours environ après le retrait des larves. Ces données sont en accord avec l'hypothèse que c'est le comportement de nourrissage lui-même qui active les glandes; cependant, on ne peut exclure la possibilité que les larves produisent une phéromone stimulante.
    Notes: Summary The effects of worker age, brood stage and time of brood introduction or brood withdrawal on the hypopharyngeal (HP) gland activity of worker bees were examined. Worker age exerted a marked influence on gland activity. Only larvae affected HP gland activity, while eggs and pupae did not. Bees had inactive glands until their third day of larval feeding and they maintained high gland activity for approximately three days after larval removal. The data are congruent with the hypothesis that feeding behaviour itself causes gland activation, although the possibility that larvae produce a primer pheromone cannot be excluded.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Apis mellifera ; Juvenile hormone ; Africanized honeybee ; European honeybee ; Foraging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Two factors that influence age at onset of foraging in honeybees are juvenile hormone (JH) and colony age demography (older bees inhibit behavioral development of younger bees). We tested the hypothesis that genetic variation among bees for these factors influences genetic variation in behavioral development. Pairs of colonies showing genetic differences in rates of behavioral development were identified in a screening experiment and bees from these colonies were used for physiological and behavioral assays. Six pairs were assayed, three with European bees only and three with both European and Africanized bees. There was genetic variation for the following four components: (1) production of JH in four pairs (experiment 1); (2) sensitivity to JH in three pairs (experiment 2); (3) sensitivity to social inhibition in three pairs (experiment 3), and (4) potency of social inhibition in four pairs (experiment 4). Cross-fostering assays (experiment 5), which allowed all four components to be evaluated simultaneously, revealed genetic variation for production of JH, sensitivity to JH, or sensitivity to social inhibition in five of six pairs, and potency of social inhibition in five of six pairs. There was often evidence for genotypic differences in more than one component, and no consistent pattern of association among any of the components. Africanized bees had faster rates of behavioral development than European bees, but there were no racial differences in patterns of variation among the four components. These results indicate that there are at least several, apparently distinct, physiological processes associated with JH and colony age demography upon which natural selection can act to alter the rate of behavioral development in honeybees.
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