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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iterative algorithms for Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization (1989)
    Springer
    Computing 41 (1989), S. 335-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65F25 ; 65G05 ; 15A23 ; Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization ; QR factorization ; vector algorithms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In diesem Artikel werden verschiedene Varianten der klassischen und der modifizierten Gram-Schmidt-Methode präsentiert. Wir zeigen, daß man für die Konstruktion derQR-Zerlegung die Gram-Schmidt-Orthogonalisierung iterativ anwenden muß, falls man die MatrixQ ungefähr bis auf Maschinengenauigkeit orthogonal haben will. Die Algorithmen sind so formuliert, daß man alle Operationen mit Matrizen oder Vektoren deutlich identifizieren kann und eine Implementierung auf einem Parallel- oder Vektorcomputer keine Schwierigkeiten bietet. Eine ausführliche Fehleranalyse wird gegeben. Daraus folgt zum Beispiel, daß der iterative klassische Algorithmus nicht schlechter ist als der iterative modifizierte Algorithmus, wenn die MatrixQ so genau wie möglich orthogonal sein muß. Verschiedene Experimente auf einem Vektorcomputer werden beschrieben, welche die Resultate der Fehleranalyse bestätigen.
    Notes: Abstract The algorithms that are treated in this paper are based on the classical and the modified Gram-Schmidt algorithms. It is shown that Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization for constructing aQR factorization should be carried out iteratively to obtain a matrixQ that is orthogonal in almost full working precision. In the formulation of the algorithms, the parts that express manipulations with matrices or vectors are clearly identified to enable an optimal implementation of the algorithms on parallel and/or vector machines. An extensive error analysis is presented. It shows, for instance, that the iterative classical algorithm is not inferior to the iterative modified algorithm when full precision ofQ is required. Experiments are reported to support the outcomes of the analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02241222
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Messung der von Elektronenlawinen erzeugten Raumladungsfelder mittels einer Sondenlawine (1967)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 200 (1967), S. 287-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The electrical fields due to the space charge of positive ions in a plane-parallel discharge gap are measured by means of an electron avalanche. The measurements were made in a N2-CH4 gas mixture (5% CH4) at a total pressure of 210 Torr (20 °C) in a 3 cm gap, at a voltage U〈UD (static breakdown potential). The positive ions are produced by electron avalanches, which are released from a broad area by an UV flash at the cathode. The ions so produced drift towards the cathode with a drift velocity v+. After a timeT the probe avalanche is started by a second UV flash in the symmetry axis of the charge distribution. From its temporal growth, which is given by the relation $$i_s (t) \sim \delta v\_\exp \left( {\int\limits_0^t {\alpha v\_dt} } \right)$$ , one can evaluate the space charge field E(z) of the positive ions. The measured fields are in good agreement with those predicted by calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01340532
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese und Stabilisierung von Isocyanatoketenen (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 285-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The isocyanatocarbonyl chlorides 1a-m were prepared and converted to the corresponding isocyanatoketenes 2a-m by means of hydrogen chloride elimination with triethylamine. (Isocyanatoalkyl)ketenes with less then three carbon atoms between the functional groups yield crosslinked and oligomeric products, respectively, by intermolecular reaction of the different heterocumulene systems. (ö-Isocyanatoalkyl)aldoketenes with three and more carbon atoms between the functional groups (2d-h) stabilize uniformly by [2 + 2]-cycloaddition of the ketene groups to yield 3-(ö-isocyanatoalkyl)-4-(ö-isocyanatoalkylidene)-2-oxetanones (3d-h) (diisocyanatodiketenes). (4-Isocyanatophenyl)ketene (21) and (3-isocyanato-1,5-pentanediyl)ketene (2k) stabilize in analogy to the unsubstituted parent compounds to give 6l and 4k, respectively.
    Notes: Die Isocyanatocarbonsäurechloride 1a-m wurden durch Chlorwasserstoff-Abspaltung mit Hilfe von Triethylamin in die entsprechenden Isocyanatoketene 2a-m übergeführt und ihre Stabilisierungsprodukte untersucht. (Isocyanatoalkyl)ketene mit weniger als drei Kohlenstoffatomen zwischen den funktionellen Gruppen reagieren unter Bildung vernetzter bzw. oligomerer Produkte infolge intermolekularer Reaktion der beiden kumulierten Doppelbindungssysteme. (ö-Isocyanatoalkyl)aldoketene mit drei und mehr Kohlenstoffatomen zwischen den funktionellen Gruppen (2d-h) stabilisieren sich ausschließlich durch [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition der Ketengruppen unter Ausbildung von 3-(ö-Isocyanatoalkyl)-4-(ö-isocyanatoalkyliden)-2-oxetanonen (3d-h) (Diisocyanatodiketenen mit ß-Lactonstruktur). (4-Isocyanatophenyl)keten (21) und (3-Isocyanato-1,5-pentandiyl)keten (2k) stabilisieren sich, wie von den isocyanatfreien Verbindungen bekannt, zum Cyclobutenolon 61 bzw. 1,3-Cyclobutandion 4k.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19871200306
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einen zerlegbaren Trichter (1915)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 54 (1915), S. 264-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01387098
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Einwirkung von Hydrazin auf Nitro- und Chlornitroderivate des Benzols und Naphthalins. III. Abhandlung: Über die Einwirkung von Hydrazinhydrat auf 2,4,5-Trichlornitrobenzol (1925)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 111 (1925), S. 293-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19251110120
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell electrophoresis: Automatic measurements by laser light scattering with Lazypher (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 6 (1985), S. 82-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Automated cell electrophoretic measurements with Lazypher are based on the laser Doppler technique. Experiments are performed with high precision (of 1.2% S. D.) and in short time intervals of 1-3 min. Application to electrophoretic mobility tests with tanned sheep erythrocytes incubated in supernatants from sensitized murine thymus and spleen cells which had been prepared from cultures containing 5 μg purified protein derivative (PPD)/ml caused a reduction of the electrophoretic mobility (EM) of 5% and 13%, respectively. Control spleen cell supernatants caused a 4% decrease in mobility and no effect was observed with supernatants from control thymus cells. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy adults (n = 56) and children with atopic diseases and congenital heart disease (n = 12) are separated into a high mobility peak (μ = 1.24 μmcm/Vs for adults, μ = 1.19 μmcm/Vs for the child group) corresponding to T-cells and a low mobility peak, μ = 0.93 μcm/Vs, representing B-cells. The mobility difference between the adult and child T-cells is highly significant (99%). Electrophoretic measurements of myeloid cells from healthy donors and patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) show that progressing differentiation within this cell line is accompanied by a decreasing mobility. Blast cells from a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (c-ALL) had an EM, μ = 1.09 μmcm/Vs, distinct from that of myeloblasts in AML (μ = 1.16 and 1.25 μmcm/Vs) and CML (μ = 1.25 and 1.23 μmcm/Vs) and from normal T-and B-lymphocytes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150060206
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  • 7
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    The Gauss-Huard algorithm and LU factorization (1998)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0024-3795
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-1856
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 8
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    Einen zerlegbaren Trichter (1915)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1915-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-1152
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Iterative algorithms for Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization (1989)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0010-485X
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-5057
    Topics: Computer Science
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    An example of economic planning (1970)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1970-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0020-5346
    Electronic ISSN: 1613-964X
    Topics: Economics
    Published by Springer
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