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    Publication Date: 2015-10-21
    Description: Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is a form of non-Hebbian plasticity that maintains stability of the network and fidelity for information processing in response to prolonged perturbation of network and synaptic activity. Prolonged blockade of synaptic activity decreases resting Ca2+ levels in neurons, thereby inducing retinoic acid (RA) synthesis and RA-dependent homeostatic...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2012-09-05
    Description: Eye movements depend on correct patterns of connectivity between cranial motor axons and the extraocular muscles. Despite the clinical importance of the ocular motor system, little is known of the molecular mechanisms underlying its development. We have recently shown that mutations in the Chimaerin-1 gene encoding the signaling protein α2-chimaerin...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1985-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 522 (1985), S. 184-188 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions tot he Chemistry of Phosphorus. 148. Synthesis and Properties of the 1,2-Diphospha-3,4-diboretane (t-BuP)2(BNMe2)2The first 1, 2-diphospha-3,4-diboretane (1,2-diphospha-3, 4-diboracyclobutane) (t-BuP)2(BNMe2)(1) was prepared by [2+2] cyclocondensation of K(t-Bu)P—P(t-Bu)K with Cl(Me2N)B—B(NMe2)Cl.1 could be isolated in the pure state and was NMR spectroscopically characterized as a compound with a planar P2 B2 ring skeleton.
    Notes: Das erste 1,2-Diphospha-3,4-diboran (1,2-Diphospha-3,4-dibora-cyclo-butan) (t-BuP)2(BNMe2)2 (1) wurde durch [2+2]-Cyclokondensation von K(t-Bu)P—P(t-bu)K mit Cl(Me2N)B—B(NMe2)Cl dargestellt. 1 konnte in reiner Form isoliert und kernresonanzspektroskopisch als Verbindung mit planarem P2B2-Ringgerüst charakterisiert werden.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Die mitteltiefen und petrothermalen Potenziale für geothermische Stromerzeugung, Direktwärmenutzung und saisonale Wärmespeicherung von Hessen werden derzeit im Rahmen des Projektes “Hessen 3D 2.0” untersucht. Ziel ist die Ausweisung von Gebieten in denen eine geothermische Nutzung wirtschaftlich erfolgsversprechend ist und in denen geringe Fündigkeitsrisiken zu erwarten sind. Als Grundlage für die Potenzialbewertung werden zahlreiche bestehende Datensätze zusammengetragen, miteinander verschnitten und durch neue eigene Untersuchungen ergänzt. In einem ersten Schritt werden die petrophysikalischen, thermischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften der geothermisch relevanten Formationen sowie der Reservoirfluide ermittelt und in Datenbankanwendungen dokumentiert, vereinheitlicht und für die weitere Auswertung vorgehalten. Dies beinhaltet Labormessungen an Aufschlussanalog- und Bohrkernproben, hydraulische Bohrlochtestdaten sowie bohrlochgeophysikalische Untersuchungen. Als zweiter Schritt werden auf Basis digitalisierter Bohrdaten, geologischer Profilschnitte, interpretierter seismischer Profile sowie geologischer Kartenwerke die bestehenden 3D-Modelle verbessert und weiter untergliedert, um nutzungsbezogen geothermische Modelleinheiten, die für petrothermale Systeme, Wärmespeicherung oder Direktwärmenutzung geeignet sind, zu unterscheiden. Diese Modelleinheiten werden anhand der umfänglichen Datenbank geothermischer Gesteins- und Reservoireigenschaften attributiert, um als Basis für die Potenzialausweisung oder thermohydraulischen Modellierungen zu dienen. Die thermohydraulischen Modellierungen unter Berücksichtigung der Variabilität der Gesteins- und Gebirgseigenschaften sowie realistischer Randbedingungen sollen zur verbesserten Prognose des Untergrundtemperaturfeldes beitragen sowie ein besseres Verständnis der regional dominierenden Wärmetransportprozesse (konduktiv oder konvektiv) ermöglichen. Insbesondere in Regionen für die nur wenige Temperaturmessungen aus tiefen Bohrungen vorliegen, ist eine deutlich bessere Temperaturprognose sowie ein deutlich verbessertes Verständnis der Hydraulik im tiefen Untergrund, das entscheidend für den Betrieb offener geothermischer Systeme ist, zu erwarten. Für die 3D Potenzialausweisung werden technische und wirtschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen sowie die Kenntnis der statistischen Verteilung der geothermischen Kennwerte berücksichtigt, um stochastisch abgesicherte Prognosen als Basis für die Angabe der Fündigkeitsrisiken zu ermöglichen. Abschließend sollen die identifizierten geothermischen Potenziale mit den Wärmeüberschüssen und dem Wärmebedarf der Stadt Frankfurt a. M. verschnitten werden, um wirtschaftlich interessante Standorte für zukünftige Geothermieprojekte zu identifizieren
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: For the Federal State of Hesse so far no regional assessment of petrothermal or medium deep geothermal resources for direct heat use and underground thermal energy storage (UTES) are available. The project “Hessen 3D 2.0” aims to bridge this gap to significantly enhance the assessment of the prospective risk (‚Fündigkeitsrisiko) for geothermal projects in Hesse. The project is focused in a first step on developing and extending a database on the physical rock-, fluid- and reservoir properties based on lab measurements on cores from deep wells and outcrop analogues, hydraulic test data from boreholes and borehole geophysical logs. In a second step borehole data, cross sections, seismic profiles and geological maps are combined to significantly increase the detail of existing 3D geological models of Hesse to be able to distinguish both the petrological units of the basement and the potential reservoir formations in the sedimentary cover. The comprehensive geothermal database is used in a third step to attribute the geological model and allows for geothermal resource assessment and thermohydraulic subsurface modelling. Thermohydraulic modelling considering the variation of rock and reservoir properties will provide a much better understanding of the subsurface temperature distribution and the dominant heat transport processes. This approach will significantly increase the reliability of subsurface temperature predictions compared to purely interpolative approaches in areas or depths where temperature measurements are sparse or simply not available. The 3D model based assessment of hydrothermal, petro-thermal and UTES potentials will consider both technical and economic boundary conditions and of course the statistics for the different relevant reservoir properties of the different geological units. This will allow for stochastic assessment of the potentials including the determination of the probability of success, which is one of the key requirements for risk insurance (‘Fündigkeitsrisikoversicherungen’) and will provide the necessary numbers to attract investors to geothermal projects. Eventually, the geothermal potentials will be linked to the heat demand of cities (e.g. Frankfurt a.M.), which helps identifying economically suitable locations for geothermal projects. Furthermore, the results will be published online and as open-access information so that project developers, planers, local or regional energy companies, government institutions as well as scientists can interactively access and use all provided information.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: Assessing resources of enhanced geothermal (EGS) or medium deep geothermal systems (MDGS) for direct heat use and underground thermal energy storage (UTES) is a challenging task where usually diverse data sets of multiple origin and scale have to be compiled to obtain a comprehensive conceptual model of the subsurface, its structure and its properties. Within the research project “Hessen 3D 2.0” (BMWI-FKZ: 0325944), which aims to enhance the assessment of the prospective risk (‚Fündigkeitsrisiko’) for these kinds of geothermal projects, we established a workflow to implement and analyse such broad data sets. In a first step, comprehensive datasets of physical rock-, fluid- and reservoir properties are compiled which are based on investigations on relevant reservoir analogues, hydraulic test data from boreholes and borehole geophysical logs. The second step comprises the development of 3D geological models from a combination of borehole data, geological cross sections, seismic profiles, gravity and geomagnetic anomalies and geological maps to achieve the required detail on subsurface structure. This is prerequisite to distinguish the potentially usable reservoir units both within the crystalline or metamorphic basement and the sedimentary cover. Geostatistical analysis of the acquired comprehensive geothermal database is performed in a third step of the workflow; this allows for a parametrization of the geological model, for thermohydraulic subsurface modelling, and finally for the geothermal resource assessment. Such models, which consider the variability of rock and reservoir and fluid properties provide a thorough understanding of the subsurface temperature distribution, the dominant heat transport processes and hydraulic conditions. Finally, under consideration of both technical and economic boundary conditions and the statistics for the different relevant reservoir properties of the different geological units, assessment of hydrothermal, petrothermal and UTES potentials is performed directly with the 3D model. Therefore, a multiple-criteria approach, which assesses the quality of various rock and reservoir properties and their relevance for the different geothermal utilizations is implemented. This 3D-grid based method can be used for an identification and visualization of different geopotentials using various parameters to determine each potential. Thereby, to specify the grade of each potential under technical and economic requirements, threshold values for each parameter are defined. The approach described here allows for a stochastic assessment of the geothermal resources of a particular site of interest, including the determination of the probability of success and it provides the necessary numbers to attract investors to geothermal projects.
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    Format: application/pdf
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