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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Review of Some Species of Myxidium Bütschli, 1882 (Myxozosporea) From Eels (Anguilla Spp.) (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 27 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Myxidium spores from various eel hosts (Anguilla spp.) are compared. Myxidium anguillae, M. enchelypterygii, M. illinoisense, M. serum, and M. zealandicum are synonymized with M. giardi, a ubiquitous species reported from A. anguilla, A. rostrata, A. mossambica, A. japonica, A. reinhardtii, A. bicolor pacifica, A. australis, and A. dieffenbachii. Myxidium uchiyamae, M. lentiforme, M. matsuii and M. acinum are retained, and 2 new species described. Species other than M. giardi appear to be restricted to the Indo-Pacific region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1980.tb04252.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the distribution, specificity and pathogenicity of the acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis (Müller) (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 6 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The distribution, specificity and pathogenicity of the acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis (Müller) were studied in the River Avon, Hampshire. The parasite occurred in every fish species, but three categories of hosts could be distinguished. Using growth and maturation as criteria of specificity, only chub Leuciscus cephalus (L.) and barbel Barbus barbus (L.) were recognized as its preferred hosts. Parasites occasionally matured in trout Salmo trutta (L.) and dace Leuciscus leuciscus (L.), but none grew or matured in other host species. Changes in the abundance of P. laevis along the river were related to changes in the abundance of both the intermediate host, Gammarus pulex, and the preferred hosts, and its occurrence in fish to the importance of G. pulex in their diet. In the upper reaches of the River Avon and in other localities populations could be maintained at a low level by parasites maturing in trout, and presence and abundance at any site depended upon the presence and abundance of both intermediate and definitive hosts especially and upon the dietary preferences of the latter. The absence of P. laevis from many parts of Britain is nevertheless still inexplicable. The parasite caused local damage to the intestinal wall of fish, the extent of which varied from species to species, but did not affect host growth rate or cause direct mortality and P. laevis cannot be regarded as an important pathogen in the River Avon or any other British River.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1974.tb04569.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The population biology of the acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis (Müller) in the River Avon (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 6 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Regular samples of Gammarus pulex and dace Leuciscus leuciscus and occasional grayling Thymallus thymallus and chub L.cephalus were examined from the River Avon, Hampshire, for the presence of the acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus leavis. The parasite only occurred in medium sized Gammarus due to lower probability of contact with small gammarids and stunted growth and selective mortality amongst older infected ones. No cycles in incidence or development of the parasite in G.pulex were observed. The parasite infected gammarids and grew in all months, and cystacanths were available throughout the year. Despite seasonal feeding activity and dietary preferences, fish fed on Gammarus and acquired infections in all months. Dispersion of P.laevis within the fish population was related to host feeding behaviour. No evidence of seasonal cycles in incidence or intensity of infection in fish was found, and observed monthly changes in the parasite population were related to changes in size structure of the host sample. In dace and grayling P.laevis grew little and matured only in summer, but in chub it grew and produced acanthors all year. The parasite population in fish appeared to be in a state of dynamic equilibrium and gain and loss of parasites took place throughout the year with the level of infection at any moment being determined primarily by the feeding behaviour of the host. This relationship between host diet, water temperature and parasite population size is discussed, and P.laevis in the R. Avon compared with other localities and other parasites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1974.tb05108.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of inflammatory neutrophils induced by bacterial endotoxin in the blood of eels, Anguilla australis (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 32 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Peripheral blood neutrophils were studied in eels injected with phosphate buffered saline, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), carrageenan (CAR), LPS and CAR together (CAR/LPS(T)), CAR and LPS 4 days later (CAR/LPS(S)), zymosan and latex beads. All stimuli caused a left shift toward neutrophil immaturity but LPS-elicited neutrophils, particularly in CAR/LPS stimulated eels, were often extremely basophilic, enlarged, vacuolated and had a large nucleus with poorly differentiated nuclear chromatin. These intensely basophilic neutrophils (IBN) had few granules and lower acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase, but higher PAS levels, compared to normal neutrophils. Ultrastructurally, IBN showed loss of cytoplasmic content that gave a ragged appearance, the nucleus was often immature and many rough endoplasmic reticulum profiles restricted the distribution of reduced numbers of cytoplasmic granules. These features are attributed to asynchronous development, and IBN are compared with mammalian toxic neutrophils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05397.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition and ultrastructure of elasmobranch granulocytes. III. Sharks (Lamniformes) (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 30 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The peripheral blood granulocyte composition of five species of shark is given together with ultrastructural observations made on the epigonal organ and blood of Mustelus lenticulatus and spleen of Apristurus sp. Three granulocyte lineages occurred in Mustelus. Ultrastructurally, eosinophilic granulocytes contained granules that were very variable in size and contained parallel fibrillar arrays that were unidirectional in small granules, but which were often orientated in several directions in larger granules. This dense core material sometimes formed angular crystalloids.Eosinophils had ovoid or irregular granules that were usually uniformly electron-dense, but some had an eccentric ovoid area of greater electron-density. Some eosinophils enter the blood where they are phagocytic, but others, in blood and epigonal organ, showed an unusual but characteristic process of disintegration, leaving a ragged cell full of cellular debris.The third granulocyte type had features of mast cells and basophils of higher vertebrates and was tentatively identified as belonging to that lineage. The inter-relationships of these cells, and of them with granulocytes of other elasmobranchs, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1987.tb05784.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on granulocyte peroxidase in New Zealand freshwater eels, Anguilla species (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 29 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Peroxidase activity in the granulocytes of eels was investigated using o-tolidine, paraphenylene-diamine-pyrocatechol, and 4-chloro-l-naphthol as substrates, and cyanide, azide and aminotriazole as inhibitors. Most circulating neutrophils of Anguilla australis Richardson, 1848 and A. dieffenbachii Gray. 1842 showed no peroxidase activity at pH 7.6 and pH 9.0, but a few neutrophils, thought to be mature, were positive. Another granulocyte in the anterior kidney, spleen, parasitized gill tissue and, rarely, the blood contained a cyanide-resistant, azide-inhibited, peroxidase and was tentatively identified as the eosinophil. Neutrophils of A. anguilla (L.) showed granular peroxidase activity which was inhibited by cyanide. The eosinophil was not observed.Absence of peroxidase from most circulating neutrophils in A. anguilla and A. dieffenbachii, and its pattern in the neutrophil precursors and mature neutrophils of A. anguilla, may be due to two morphologically indistinguishable granule types. Primary peroxidase-negative granules occur in precursors and immature neutrophils and secondary peroxidase-positive granules in mature neutrophils of all three eels. Circulating neutrophils in New Zealand eels seldom mature and are theretore peroxidase-negative, whereas A. anguilla neutrophils are mature and are usually peroxidase-positive.Impairment of microbicidal activity in neutrophils lacking peroxidase is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb04987.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on eosinophilic granule cells in peritoneal exudates of eels, Anguilla amtmlis (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 34 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Eosinophilic granule cells (EGC) are reported among peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) of unstimulated and carrageenan-, zymosan-, latex- and Aeromonas hydrophila-stimulated eels, Anguilla australis. At the light microscopy level EGC are large (〈 50 μm diameter) and have strongly to moderately basophilic cytoplasm, eosinophilic granules, and often striated colourless cytoplasmic inclusions. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasm is rich in ribosomes, and contains characteristic granules, parallel tubular structures 46–50 nm in diameter, and parallel rod-like arrays (PRLA) 14–15 nm in diameter that are angular or hexagonal in cross section. EGC contain granule-associated, partially or completely cyanide inhibited, but azide and aminotriazole resistant, peroxidase, acid phosphatase, esterases and weak cytoplasmic periodic acid-Schiff positivity. PRLA lack enzyme content. A few (〈 10%) unstimulated and carrageenan- and zymosan-stimulated EGC contain granule-associated and diffuse β-galactosidase, and EGC in eels injected i.p. with filtered carrageenan-stimulated PEC supernatants show heterogeneity in glucosaminidase content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03368.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and cytochemical observations on the granulocytes of the sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum (Chondrostei) (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 33 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Granulocytes from cranial granulopoietic tissue were studied under the electron microscope, and cytochemistry carried out oncranial and peripheral blood granulocytes of two sturgeons, Acipenser brevirostrum. Ultrastructurally, eosinophils and basophils had homogeneous electron-dense granules similar to those of teleosts and some higher vertebrates. Neutrophils contained two granule types: small elongated fibrillar granules and large (〈3.8μm long) usually homogeneous granules.Neutrophil fibrillar granules were positive for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), α-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), acetyl-l-tyrosine-α-naphthyl esterase (ATNE) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) reaction. The large homogeneous granules were negative for all enzymes, and were only PAS positive. Eosinophils had granular, cyanide-, azide- and aminotriazole-resistant peroxidase (PO) and were ACP, ATNE, tosyl-l-lysine-α-naphthyl esterase (TLNE) and Luxol fast blue positive.Ultrastructure and cytochemistry are discussed in relation to other vertebrates, and eosinophils identified as the main phagocytic leucocyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05466.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition and ultrastructure of elasmobranch granulocytes. II. Rays (Rajiformes) (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 30 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The blood granulocyte composition of seven species of ray is given together with ultrastructural observations made on the epigonal organ and blood of Pavoraja spinifera and the spleen of a deepwater rajid skate. Under the light microscope three granulocyte types, eosinophils, eosinophilic granulocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes could be distinguished. At the EM level two granulocyte types were apparent, one with elongated granules containing longitudinal fibrils that consolidated to form an axial rod-like inclusion, and the other with large, spherical, uniformly electron-dense granules. Correlation of light and electron microscope observations indicated that the neutrophilic granulocytes with weakly basophilic, elongated granules become weakly eosinophilic, as eosinophilic granulocytes, and these in turn develop to eosinophils with granules containing axial rods. The other granulocyte type forms another population of eosinophils with spherical granules.The inter-relationship of these granulocytes, the identification of eosinophilic granulocytes, or heterophils, as immature eosinophils, and the co-existence of two morphologically distinct eosinophil forms are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1987.tb05783.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic studies on the enzyme cytochemistry of leucocytes of eels, Anguilla species (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 29 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The leucocytes of three anguillid eels were studied using enzyme cytochemistry. Leucocytes were stained for peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, aryl sulphatase, β-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, β-galactosidase, lysozyme, a variety of non-specific esterases, chloroacetate esterase and two proteases. All cells were negative for aryl sulphatase, β-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, and β-galactosidase. Very few neutrophils, thought to be mature, and all eosinophils contained peroxidase-positive granules, and some monocytes showed very weak peroxidase staining. All leucocytes lacked alkaline phosphatase, but all cells except lymphocytes and thrombocytes of A. dieffenbachii contained acid phosphatase. Neutrophil acid phosphatase released into phagosomes was associated with Escherischia coli bacteriolysis. Neutrophils also secrete lysozyme and, with monocytes, produce and secrete a variety of esterases. The possible interaction of lysozyme, acid phosphatase and esterases in bacteriolysis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb04988.x
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