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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the limitations to photosynthesis induced by leaf water deficit in field-grown sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 13 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The diurnal cycling of leaf water potential (Ψleaf) in field-grown sunflower (Helianthus annuus) was used to investigate the cause of water deficitinduced limitation of net photosynthesis. Daily midafternoon decreases in Ψleaf of up to 1.5 MPa and in net photosynthesis of up to 50% were typical for irrigated sunflower during seed filling. These midafternoon values were lowered an additional 0.6 to 0.8 MPa by prolonged drought treatment. There was a nearly linear relationship between the decline in net photosynthesis and reductions in leaf conductance over the course of the day. Thus, it was unexpected to find that the low, midafternoon rates of photosynthesis were associated with the highest intercellular CO2 concentrations. These and other observations suggest that the daily decline in photosynthesis represents a ‘down regulation’ of the biochemical demand for CO2 that is coordinated with the diurnally developing need to conserve water, thus establishing a balanced limitation of photosynthesis involving both stomatal and non-stomatal factors. There were no indications that either short term (i.e. diurnal declines in Ψleaf) or long term (i.e. drought treatment) water deficits caused any damage or malfunctioning of photosynthesis. Rather, both the daily declines in photosynthesis and the nearly 25% decrease in leaf area induced by prolonged drought appeared to be well-controlled adaptive responses by field-grown sunflower plants to limited water availability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1990.tb01982.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the limitations to photosynthesis induced by leaf water deficit in field-grown sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01020.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced photosynthesis at low oxygen concentrations: Differential response of temperate and tropical grasses (1967)
    Springer
    Planta 78 (1967), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary When leaves of grasses of the tribes Oryzeae, Festuceae, Hordeae, Aveneae, Phalarideae, Agrostideae and Stipeae were exposed to air containing a low oxygen concentration, photosynthesis was enhanced between 23 and 60%. No such increase was observed in grasses of the tribes Paniceae, Andropogoneae, Maydeae, Zoisieae, Chlorideae and Eragrosteae which are known (Hatch et al., 1967) to possess the C4 carbon pathway of photosynthesis. The latter group consists of tropical grasses and the former, except for the Oryzeae, are grasses of temperate regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384860
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature on the gas exchange of leaves in the light and dark (1969)
    Springer
    Planta 85 (1969), S. 228-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Evolution of CO2 into CO2-free air was measured in the light and in the dark over a range of temperatures from 15 to 50°. Photosynthetic rates were measured in air and O2-free air over the same range of temperatures. Respiration in the light had a different sensitivity to temperature compared with respiration in the dark. At the lower temperatures the rate of respiration in the light was higher than respiration in the dark, whereas at temperatures above 40° the reverse was observed. For any one species the maximum rates of photosynthesis and photorespiration occur at about the same temperature. The maximum rate for dark respiration generally is found at a temperature about 10° higher. Zea mays and Atriplex nummularia showed no enhancement of photosynthesis in O2-free air nor any evolution of CO2 in CO2-free air at any of the temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389400
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sap flow in the stem of water stressed soybean and maize plants (1990)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 11 (1990), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Water stress was imposed upon soybean [Glyxine max (L.) Merr. cv. Williams] and maize [Zea mays (L.) cv. Pioneer 3377] plants grown under controlled-environment conditions during a growing period of several irrigation cycles. Transpiration rates of individual plants were measured with a calibrated heat-pulse method and correlated to the rate of water loss obtained from successive weighings of the pots containing irrigated or water-stressed plants. Transpiration rate was reduced in the stressed plants of both species, but the reduction was not linear with decreasing soil matric potential. Transpiration rates declined rapidly at high soil matric potential, and dropped more slowly as the soil dried. Although measured transpiration rate declined by nearly 30% following a reduction of soil matric potential to -0.1 MPa, differences in leaf water potential and CO2 assimilation rate were small and less than the sensitivity of the measurement techniques used. Total system resistance to water flow increased as the soil dried.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189994
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature effects on nodal root development in maize (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 142 (1992), S. 151-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: adventitious roots ; degree days ; phenology ; Zea mays L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Our objective was to determine the effect of temperature on root appearance at successive stalk nodes of a maize (Zea mays L.) plant. Plants were grown in three controlled temperature regimes (30/24, 26/20 and 19/14°C 16-/8-h day/night or 28, 24 and 17.3°C mean), as well as in the field. Three plants were dissected twice a week for morphological observation. A second-degree polynomial, with time as the independent variable and with coefficients linearly related to temperature, was fitted to the controlled-environment data. This equation tested well against two sets of field data. The appearance of newly rooted stalk nodes was related to the appearance of new leaf tips and collars. Such information is urgently needed for predicting leaf, stalk and root growth in maize and other grasses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010186
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variations in apparent photosynthesis among plant stands of different soybean cultivars (1981)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 2 (1981), S. 3-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: canopy photosynthesis ; Glycine max ; respiration ; soybean ; transpiration ; mild water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The CO2- and H2O-exchange rates between soybean canopies and the atmosphere were measured in three mobile chambers (4 m3). Each chamber stopped at 8 or 9 plots (3.1-m2 ground area) every 25 min. Diurnal and seasonal CO2-exchange rates (CER) of 13 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars are summarized here. The oldest two cultivars, released in 1927 and 1932, had the lowest CER values. The CER usually decreased in the afternoon (23.4 vs 27.8 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 at 1.6 mmol photons m-2 s-1), except shortly after rainfall. During a drought, these reductions occurred earlier in the day and were more pronounced. We present evidence for a nonstomatal component of the CO2 flux-reaction system causing CER reductions during a water stress. Daytime CER values were not correlated with temperature (24–34° C), but nighttime values were (15–25° C, r=0.85,* n=41).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036161
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soybean leaf photosynthesis in relation to maturity classification and stage of growth (1982)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 3 (1982), S. 81-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: field photosynthesis ; Glycine max ; leaf photosynthesis ; Leguminosae ; maturity classification ; soybean ; stage of growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Leaf photosynthetic rates were measured on field-grown soybeans during the 1980 season. Comparisons were made between different cultivars and isolines representative of maturity groups I–IV. Mature, fully expanded leaves at different nodes on the plant were measured in high light to determine which had the highest potential photosynthetic rates at any one time. Successive leaves during the growing season had maximum rates which increased from about 22 μ mol CO2 m-2 s-1 on 25 June to a peak of 30–44 μ mol CO2 m-2 s-1 in early August. The persistency and eventual decline in the maximum rate was associated with the maturity group and related dates of flowering, pod fill and onset of senescence. Early maturing cultivars (groups I and II) had higher peak rates (38–44 μ mol CO2 m-2 s-1) than later maturing cultivars (30–35 μ mol CO2 m-2 s-1, groups III and IV). However, the photosynthetic rates of early maturing cultivars declined rapidly after attaining their peak, whereas the leaves of later maturing cultivars maintained their photosynthetic activity for much longer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040706
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A vapor pressure deficit effect on crop canopy photosynthesis (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 24 (1990), S. 27-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: CO2-exchange rate ; Glycine max ; Gossypium hirsutum ; humidity ; hysteresis ; moisture stress ; Sorghum bicolor ; and Zea maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Canopy CO2-exchange rates (CER), air temperatures, and dew points were measured throughout ten days during the 1987 growing season for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench], and five soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] cultivars, and throughout seven days in 1988, on maize (Zea maize L.). The objective was to determine if the decline in CER per unit light during the afternoon is associated with a vapor pressure deficit (VPD) increase. Some of the soybean and maize plots were kept as dry as possible. A VPD term significantly contributed (P≤0.05) to a canopy CER regression model in 54 of 80 data sets in 1987. Grain sorghum was less sensitive than the well-watered soybean genotypes to an increasing VPD (P≤0.05) on three of the ten measurement days and less sensitive than cotton (P≤0.05) on only one day. Cotton demonstrated less VPD sensitivity than soybean (P≤0.05) on one day. The moisture stressed soybean plots showed a greater CER sensitivity to VPD (P≤0.05) than the well-watered soybean plots. In 1988, the frequently irrigated maize plots were less sensitive to VPD (P≤0.05) than the rain-fed plots early in the season, before the rain-fed plots were excessively damaged by moisture stress. These results indicate that the afternoon declines in canopy CER found in a number of different species are associated with increases in the VPD; recent work of others suggests that this may be due to partial stomatal closure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032641
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions among leaf photosynthetic rates, flowering and pod set in soybeans (1982)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 3 (1982), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: CO2-exchange rates ; Glycine max ; RuBPcase ; photoperiodism ; soybeans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The seasonal maximum in photosynthetic CO2 exchange rate (CER) and the cessation of leaf expansion in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr) accompany fruiting under normal agricultural conditions. To investigate whether these phenomena were obligatively tied together, we caused early flowering of long-season varieties by imposing artificial short-day treatments. Comparisons of CER and leaf area between vegetative (long-day treatment) and fruiting (short-day treatment) plants of long-season cultivar confirmed the relationship of these phenomena. The same comparisons made between a long-season and a short-season cultivar, both at the same daylength, also confirmed the relationship.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034108
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