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  • 1
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    Hindcast of oil-spill pollution during the Lebanon crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean, July–August 2006 (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: MOON (Mediterranean Operational Oceanography Network http://www.moon-oceanforecasting.eu) provides near-real-time information on oil-spill detection (ocean color and SAR) and predictions [ocean forecasts (MFS and CYCOFOS) and oil-spill predictions (MEDSLIK)]. We employ this system to study the Lebanese oil-pollution crisis in summer 2006 and thus to assist regional and local decision makers in Europe, regionally and locally. The MEDSLIK oil-spill predictions obtained using CYCOFOS high-resolution ocean fields are compared with those obtained using lower-resolution MFS hydrodynamics, and both are validated against satellite observations. The predicted beached oil distributions along the Lebanese and Syrian coasts are compared with in situ observations. The oil-spill predictions are able to simulate the northward movement of the oil spill, with the CYCOFOS predictions being in better agreement with satellite observations. Among the free MEDSLIK parameters tested in the sensitivity experiments, the drift factor appears to be the most relevant to improve the quality of the results.
    Description: Published
    Description: 140–153
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Lebanese oil-pollution event; Oil-spill modeling; Operational oceanography; Remote sensing; Levantine Basin ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Hindcast of Oil Spill Pollution during the Lebanon Crisis, July-August 2006 (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-15
    Description: The Mediterranean Operational Oceanography Network (MOON ) provides near-real-time information on oil spill detection and predictions that have been used during the Lebanese oil pollution crisis in summer 2006. A MOON decision support system for oil spill monitoring and prediction comprising ocean colour satellite and SAR images, ocean current forecast (MFS-Mediterranean Forecasting System and CYCOFOS-CYprus Coastal Ocean Forecasting & Observing System) and the MEDSLIK oil spill model has been developed. The oil spill predictions obtained with MEDSLIK coupled to the CYCOFOS high-resolution ocean fields are compared with the oil spill predictions obtained using the lower resolution MFS hydrodynamics and both are validated against satellite observations. The predicted beached oil quatity along the Lebanese and Syrian coasts are compared with the in-situ observations. It is found that predictions with both CYCOFOS and MFS ar capable to simulate the northward movement of the oil, with the higher resolution CYCOFOS predictions in better agreement with satellite observations. Among the free MEDSLIK oil spill parameters tested in the sensitivity experiments there are the wind corrections (wind factor and angle) and the depth of coupling between eulerian fields and wind correction. Among them the drift factor appeared the most relevant in order to improve the quality of results suggesting that operational models such as MFS and CYCOFOS still lack of enought resolution and physical process at the air-sea interface. The oil moved from Lat 33°40'N Lon 35°24.75'E northward toward Syria, which was reached in 10 days at Lat 34° 38.451'N Lon 35° 58.377'E; the oil movement is followed up to August 6 when the oil reached 35.5°N.
    Description: Not submitted
    Description: 4.6. Oceanografia operativa per la valutazione dei rischi in aree marine
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Lebanese oil pollution event ; oil spill modelling ; operational oceanography ; remote sensing ; Levantine Basin ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.05. Operational oceanography
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: manuscript
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  • 3
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    Hindcast of oil-spill pollution during the Lebanon crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean, July–August 2006 (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: MOON (Mediterranean Operational Oceanography Network http://www.moon-oceanforecasting.eu) pro- vides near-real-time information on oil-spill detection (ocean color and SAR) and predictions [ocean fore- casts (MFS and CYCOFOS) and oil-spill predictions (MEDSLIK)]. We employ this system to study the Lebanese oil-pollution crisis in summer 2006 and thus to assist regional and local decision makers in Europe, regionally and locally. The MEDSLIK oil-spill predictions obtained using CYCOFOS high-resolution ocean fields are compared with those obtained using lower-resolution MFS hydrodynamics, and both are validated against satellite observations. The predicted beached oil distributions along the Lebanese and Syrian coasts are compared with in situ observations. The oil-spill predictions are able to simulate the northward movement of the oil spill, with the CYCO- FOS predictions being in better agreement with satellite observations. Among the free MEDSLIK param- eters tested in the sensitivity experiments, the drift factor appears to be the most relevant to improve the quality of the results.
    Description: The paper was produced using the INGV MFS forecasting-sys- tem product and the OC-UCY CYCOFOS forecasting-system prod- ucts. The MODIS satellite data products were processed at the GOS-CNR-ISAC Rome laboratory using the SeaDAS software devel- oped by NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland, the HDFLook software developed by The Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique, Univer- sity of Lille, France, and the MS2GT tool box developed by the Uni- versity of Colorado. Procedures for oil-spill detection were developed in the ENVI environment. Processed ENVISAT-ASAR data were made available by Telespazio and JRC. Part of this work was carried out with the support of the PRIMI project (ASI Contract No. I/094/06/0) financed by the Italian Space Agency (ASI).
    Description: In press
    Description: 4.6. Oceanografia operativa per la valutazione dei rischi in aree marine
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Lebanese oil-pollution event ; Oil-spill modeling ; Operational oceanography ; Remote sensing ; Levantine Basin ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.05. Operational oceanography
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Operational coastal ocean forecasting in the Eastern Mediterranean: implementation and evaluation (2006)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-08
    Description: The Cyprus Coastal Ocean Forecasting and Observing System (CYCOFOS) has been producing operational flow forecasts of the northeastern Levantine Basin since 2002 and has been substantially improved in 2005. It is the first system in the Mediterranean to produce a forecast every day at the coastal scale. CYCOFOS uses a the POM (Princeton Ocean Model) flow model, and recently, within the frame of the MFSTEP project (Mediterranean Forecasting System, Toward Environmental Prediction), the flow model was upgraded to use the hourly SKIRON atmospheric forcing, and its resolution was increased from 2.5 km to 1.8 km. The CYCOFOS model is now nested in the ALERMO (Aegean Levantine Eddy Resolving Model) regional model from the University of Athens, which is nested within the MFS (Mediterranean Forecasting System) basin model. The Variational Initialization and FOrcing Platform (VIFOP) has been implemented to reduce the numerical transient processes following initialization. Moreover, a five-day forecast is repeated every day, providing more detailed and more accurate information, of particular value to coastal end users. Forecast results are posted on the web page http://www.ucy.ac.cy/cyocean. The new, daily, high-resolution forecasts agree exceptionally well with the ALERMO regional model. The agreement is better and results more reasonable when VIFOP is used. Active and slave experiments suggest that a four-week active period produces realistic results with more small-scale features. Bias with respect to the slave mode is negligible and there is no detectable bias with remote sensing images (for September, 2004). In situ observed hydrographic data from south of Cyprus are similar in many ways to the corresponding forecast fields. Plans for further model improvement include assimilation of observed temperature profiles (XBT), conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiles from drifters or research cruises, and CT data from the CYCOFOS ocean observatory.
    Print ISSN: 1812-0806
    Electronic ISSN: 1812-0822
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 5
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    Operational ocean forecasting in the Eastern Mediterranean: implementation and evaluation (2008)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-04
    Description: The Cyprus Coastal Ocean Forecasting and Observing System (CYCOFOS) has been producing operational flow forecasts of the northeastern Levantine Basin since 2002 and has been substantially improved in 2005. CYCOFOS uses the POM flow model, and recently, within the frame of the MFSTEP project, the flow model was upgraded to use the hourly SKIRON atmospheric forcing, and its resolution was increased from 2.5 km to 1.8 km. The CYCOFOS model is now nested in the ALERMO regional model from the University of Athens, which is nested within the MFS basin model. The Variational Initialization and FOrcing Platform (VIFOP) has been implemented to reduce the numerical transient processes following initialization. Moreover, a five-day forecast is repeated every day, providing more detailed and more accurate information. Forecast results are posted on the web page http://www.oceanography.ucy.ac.cy/cycofos. The new, daily, high-resolution forecasts agree well with the ALERMO regional model. The agreement is better and results more reasonable when VIFOP is used. Active and slave experiments suggest that a four-week active period produces realistic results with more small-scale features. For runs in September 2004, biases with remote sensing sea surface temperature are less than 0.6°C with similar expressions of the flow field present in both. Remotely-observed coastal upwelling south of Cyprus and advection of cool water from the Rhodes Gyre to the southern shores of Cyprus are also modeled. In situ observed hydrographic data from south of Cyprus are similar to the corresponding forecast fields. Both indicate the relatively fresh subsurface Atlantic Water and a near-surface anticyclone south of Cyprus for August/September of 2004 and September 2005. Plans for further model improvement include assimilation of observed XBT temperature profiles, CTD profiles from drifters and gliders, and CT data from the CYCOFOS ocean observatory.
    Print ISSN: 1812-0784
    Electronic ISSN: 1812-0792
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 6
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    High-resolution nested model for the Lebanese coastal area, Eastern Mediterranean: implementation and climatological runs (2006)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-08
    Description: As a part of the project Mediterranean Network to Assess and Upgrade Monitoring and Forecasting Activity in the Region (MAMA) we implemented a high resolution nested hydrodynamic model (1/40° horizontal grid, 16 sigma levels) for the coastal, shelf and open sea areas off the Lebanese coast, East Levantine Basin of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The Lebanese Shelf Model (LSM) is a version of the Princeton Ocean Model (POM). It is nested in a coarse resolution model the Aegean Levantine Eddy Resolving Model (1/20° horizontal grid, 25 sigma levels), ALERMO, that covers the Eastern Mediterranean. The nesting is one way so that velocity, temperature, and salinity along the open boundaries are interpolated from the relevant coarse model variables. Numerical simulations have been carried out under climatological surface and lateral forcing. Due to the relatively small domain, the results closely follow the simulation of the intermediate model with more details especially over the narrow shelf region. Simulations reproduce main circulation features and coastal circulation characteristics over the eastern Levantine shelf. This paper describes the modeling system setup, compares the simulations with the corresponding results of the coarse model ALERMO, and with the observed climatological circulation characteristics in the Levantine Basin off the Lebanese coast.
    Print ISSN: 1812-0806
    Electronic ISSN: 1812-0822
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 7
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    Record low ozone at Mauna Loa Observatory during winter 1994-1995: A consequence of chemical and dynamical synergism? (1996)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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