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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 76 (1954), S. 4348-4367 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 115 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Malting quality and winter-hardiness in barley are ‘ultimate’ phenotypes composed of constituent quantitatively inherited traits. A synthesis of molecular-marker linkage data and field phenotyping to reveal the location of quantitative trait loci (QTL) may assist in the development of winter-habit malting barley varieties. One-hundred doubled haploid progeny from a winter x spring cross were evaluated under fall and spring-planted conditions. Malting quality phenotypes and a 76-point map were used to identify QTL and to assess the effect of spring-and autumn-sowing on QTL expression. Many QTL effects were common to both environments and corresponded to QTL detected in other barley germplasm. While there were significant differences in the magnitude of effects across environments, there were no changes in the favourable allele phase. QTL effects for grain protein and diastatic power level coincided with the locations of known function genes. Coincident QTL for a number of mailing-quality traits on chromosome 7 suggests either the presence of a multi-locus cluster of genes controlling components of malting quality or a regulatory gene or genes controlling the cascade of enzymatic processes that function during the malting process. Based on these results, simultaneous selection for malting quality and cold tolerance should be possible in this genetic background.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 120 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Thirty-nine barley varieties of different origin, representing different growth types, were included in a series of experiments aimed at analysing the variability in vernalization response, photoperiod sensitivity and earliness per se and establishing the types of ecoclimatic adaptability using multivariate analysis. In the case of spring barley varieties there was no correlation between any of the three traits. For winter barleys, a negative correlation was found between photoperiod sensitivity and vernalization response and between photoperiod sensitivity and earliness per se. Vernalization response and earliness per se showed a positive correlation. Among the winter barley varieties large variations were apparent in photoperiod sensitivity, vernalization response and earliness per se, which resulted in a tremendous variation in flowering patterns and frost tolerance. Between the spring barley varieties only wider variations in photoperiod sensitivity were detected. Based on the cluster analysis, the 39 varieties could be separated into seven groups. The spring barley varieties were placed in two groups, and the winter barleys in five groups representing different adaptational types. Among these five groups two represented the two opposing extreme combinations of photoperiod sensitivity and vernalization response. The combination of large photoperiod sensitivity and no vernalization response resulted in better frost tolerance than did the combination of photoperiod insensitivity and large vernalization response.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The objectives of this research were to determine the individual and interaction effects of the Ppd-H1 and Sh2 loci on agronomic traits under short- and long-photoperiod regimes. Nineteen doubled haploid (DH) lines from the ‘Dicktoo’בMorex’ mapping population, which represented the four genotypes at the Ppd-H1 and Sh2 loci, were pheno-typed in controlled environment photoperiods. Both Ppd-H1 and Sh2 had significant effects on several agronomic traits, in addition to their role in determining first node appearance and flowering time. The magnitude of these effects depended on daylight. Under long-day conditions (18 h) Ppd-H1, and under short-day conditions (12 h) Sh2 was a significant determinant of most characters. The interactions between these two loci were significant for several characters, particularly for yield components, under both long- and short-photoperiod regimes. Under the long-day treatment, Ppd-H1 influenced plant height through the determination of node number. There was an epistatic association between the two loci for both 1000-kernel weight and tillering. The combination of photoperiod insensitivity and vernalization requirement caused a significant increase in tillering. This was paralleled by a decrease in 1000-kernel weight. Under the long-day treatment, neither Ppd-H1 nor Sh2 influenced plant yield. Under short-day conditions, the combination of photoperiod insensitivity and vernalization requirement had a pronounced negative effect on plant yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 114 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Doubled-haploid breeding systems are typically based on sampling gametes from F1 plants. However, in the case of repulsion linkages, additional recombination could be advantageous. Pre-selection of gamete donors might also shift progeny performance in a desired direction. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of an additional round of recombination and assess the effectiveness of pre-anthesis selection in the production of barley doubled haploids. Assessments were conducted on: 1. 100 F1-derived lines representing a subset of lines used in previous genome-mapping studies; 2. 100 random F2-derived lines; and 3. 50 F2-derived lines from gamete donors selected for early heading. An additional round of recombination had only a modest effect on generating more favourable genotypes. Pre-anthesis selection was ineffective in generating an earlier heading population. According to published quantitative-trait locus (QTL) analyses based on the F1 -derived population, there are few repulsion linkages between QTL determining the traits measured in this experiment. Any advantages to be gained from postponing the generation of derivation of doubled haploids must be weighed against the delay and additional cost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two major genes (eam8 and eam10) and two quantitative trait loci (QTL) determining flowering time in barley were associated with restriction fragment length polymorphism markers. The loci eam8 and eam10 were found to map in regions of chromosomes 1HL and 3HL, respectively, already estimated from previous classical linkage analyses. While investigating doubled haploid lines of a spring habit barley mapping population, two QTL for flowering time were detected on chromosomes 1HL and 7HS, respectively, when the material was grown under long photoperiod conditions. When growing the same lines under short photoperiod, no QTL were discernible. Allelic and homoeologous relationships with flowering time loci described earlier in barley and other Triticeae species are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 43 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two susceptible barley cultivars and two moderately resistant advanced breeding lines were grown as pure stands and as the 11 possible equi-proportional mixtures over three field seasons, in the presence of scald and net blotch. Plots were either inoculated with infested straw, or non-inoculated and sprayed with fungicide. On average, the variety mixtures restricted leaf disease development by 12%. However, mixtures of either or both susceptible cultivar/s with the moderately resistant line 1861018 restricted disease severity by 20-32%. Generally, the mixtures did not increase yield relative to the mean of the pure stands. However, in the year of highest disease severity, yield was increased by 7% owing to mixing in the inoculated plots. In addition, one mixture consistently increased yield (mean of 4%) and one mixture had consistently lower yields (mean of 6%)) over years and inoculation treatments. Thus, careful evaluation is required in this environment and with these genotypes in order to identify mixtures with positive effects on disease control and yield.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 114 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Hill plots offer advantages in testing large germplasm arrays with limited area and seed. However, the relationship of trait expression between hill vs. row plots remains in question. The development of quantitative-trait-locus (QTL) analysis offers alternative methods of testing hypotheses regarding levels of coincident gene effects in divergent plots. The objective of this study was to compare hill and row plots in terms of QTL detection, number of common QTLs and plot-type-specific QTLs for various characters in barley. Assessments were based on sets of 100 F1-derived doubled haploid progeny from two environments of hill-plot data and two sets of multiple-environment row-plot data. Common large-effect QTLs for height, heading date, and 1000-kernel weight were detected in both plot types. Fewer QTLs were detected in the hill-plot data, with only one QTL detected for grain yield. There were no hill-plot-specific QTL effects. Hill plots appear to be best suited to highly heritable characters such as height, heading date, and 1000-kernel weight. Evaluation of grain yield is best deferred until larger experimental units can be employed.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Hordeum vulgare ; Two-rowed ; Six-rowed ; Quality traits ; Quantitative trait loci
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Characterization of the determinants of economically important phenotypes showing complex inheritance should lead to the more effective use of genetic resources. This study was conducted to determine the number, genome location and effects of QTLs determining malting quality in the two North American barley quality standards. Using a doubled-haploid population of 140 lines from the cross of Harrington×Morex, malting quality phenotype data sets from eight environments, and a 107-marker linkage map, QTL analyses were performed using simple interval mapping and simplified composite interval mapping procedures. Seventeen QTLs were associated with seven grain and malting quality traits (percentage of plump kernels, test weight, grain protein percentage, soluble/total protein ratio, α-amylase activity, diastatic power and malt-extract percentage). QTLs for multiple traits were coincident. The loci controlling inflorescence type [vrs1 on chromosome 2(2H) and int-c on chromosome 4(4H)] were coincident with QTLs affecting all traits except malt-extract percentage. The largest effect QTLs, for the percentage of plump kernels, test weight protein percentage, S/T ratio and diastatic power, were coincident with the vrs1 locus. QTL analyses were conducted separately for each sub-population (six-rowed and two-rowed). Eleven new QTLs were detected in the subpopulations. There were significant interactions between the vrs1 and int-c loci for grain-protein percentage and S/T protein ratio. Results suggest that this mating of two different germplasm groups caused a disruption of the balance of traits. Information on the number, position and effects of QTLs determining components of malting quality may be useful for maintaining specific allele configurations that determine target quality profiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Barley ; Genome mapping ; Stripe rust ; Leaf rust ; BYDV ; Resistance Gene Analog Polymorphism ; QTL
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Stripe rust, leaf rust, and Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) are important diseases of barley (Hordeum vulgare L). Using 94 doubled-haploid lines (DH) from the cross of Shyri x Galena, multiple disease phenotype datasets, and a 99-marker linkage map, we determined the number, genome location, and effects of genes conferring resistance to these diseases. We also mapped Resistance Gene Analog Polymorphism (RGAP) loci, based on degenerate motifs of cloned disease resistance genes, in the same population. Leaf rust resistance was determined by a single gene on chromosome 1 (7H). QTLs on chromosomes 2 (2H), 3 (3H), 5 (1H), and 6 (6H) were the principal determinants of resistance to stripe rust. Two- locus QTL interactions were significant determinants of resistance to this disease. Resistance to the MAV and PAV serotypes of BYDV was determined by coincident QTLs on chromosomes 1 (7H), 4 (4H), and 5 (1H). QTL interactions were not significant for BYDV resistance. The associations of molecular markers with qualitative and quantitative disease resistance loci will be a useful information for marker-assisted selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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