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  • 1
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    Effect of microwave irradiation on spin-torque-driven magnetization precession in nanopillars with magnetic perpendicular anisotropy (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-26
    Description: Author(s): N. Reckers, J. Cucchiara, O. Posth, C. Hassel, F. M. Römer, R. Narkowicz, R. A. Gallardo, P. Landeros, H. Zähres, S. Mangin, J. A. Katine, E. E. Fullerton, G. Dumpich, R. Meckenstock, J. Lindner, and M. Farle The effect of microwave irradiation on the spin-torque-driven magnetization dynamics is studied in (Co/Ni)-based nanopillar spin valves with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. For this purpose, a setup was developed to measure the ac as well as the dc resistance of the nanopillar under applied field... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 184427] Published Wed May 25, 2011
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    Pluripotent stem cells induced from adult neural stem cells by reprogramming with two factors (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-03
    Description: Reprogramming of somatic cells is a valuable tool to understand the mechanisms of regaining pluripotency and further opens up the possibility of generating patient-specific pluripotent stem cells. Reprogramming of mouse and human somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells, designated as induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, has been possible with the expression of the transcription factor quartet Oct4 (also known as Pou5f1), Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4 (refs 1-11). Considering that ectopic expression of c-Myc causes tumorigenicity in offspring and that retroviruses themselves can cause insertional mutagenesis, the generation of iPS cells with a minimal number of factors may hasten the clinical application of this approach. Here we show that adult mouse neural stem cells express higher endogenous levels of Sox2 and c-Myc than embryonic stem cells, and that exogenous Oct4 together with either Klf4 or c-Myc is sufficient to generate iPS cells from neural stem cells. These two-factor iPS cells are similar to embryonic stem cells at the molecular level, contribute to development of the germ line, and form chimaeras. We propose that, in inducing pluripotency, the number of reprogramming factors can be reduced when using somatic cells that endogenously express appropriate levels of complementing factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Jeong Beom -- Zaehres, Holm -- Wu, Guangming -- Gentile, Luca -- Ko, Kinarm -- Sebastiano, Vittorio -- Arauzo-Bravo, Marcos J -- Ruau, David -- Han, Dong Wook -- Zenke, Martin -- Scholer, Hans R -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 31;454(7204):646-50. doi: 10.1038/nature07061. Epub 2008 Jun 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Rontgenstrasse 20, 48149 Munster, NRW, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18594515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; Chimera ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, myc/genetics ; HMGB Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurons/*cytology ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics/metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Proteins/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transduction, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Direct reprogramming of human neural stem cells by OCT4 (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-01
    Description: Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been generated from mouse and human somatic cells by ectopic expression of four transcription factors (OCT4 (also called POU5F1), SOX2, c-Myc and KLF4). We previously reported that Oct4 alone is sufficient to reprogram directly adult mouse neural stem cells to iPS cells. Here we report the generation of one-factor human iPS cells from human fetal neural stem cells (one-factor (1F) human NiPS cells) by ectopic expression of OCT4 alone. One-factor human NiPS cells resemble human embryonic stem cells in global gene expression profiles, epigenetic status, as well as pluripotency in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrate that the transcription factor OCT4 is sufficient to reprogram human neural stem cells to pluripotency. One-factor iPS cell generation will advance the field further towards understanding reprogramming and generating patient-specific pluripotent stem cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Jeong Beom -- Greber, Boris -- Arauzo-Bravo, Marcos J -- Meyer, Johann -- Park, Kook In -- Zaehres, Holm -- Scholer, Hans R -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 1;461(7264):649-3. doi: 10.1038/nature08436.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Rontgenstrasse 20, 48149 Munster, NRW, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19718018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis ; *Cell Dedifferentiation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; DNA Methylation ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Fetus/*cytology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Germ Layers/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Neurons/*cytology/metabolism ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics/*metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    A central role for TFIID in the pluripotent transcription circuitry (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-19
    Description: Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent and characterized by open chromatin and high transcription levels, achieved through auto-regulatory and feed-forward transcription factor loops. ES-cell identity is maintained by a core of factors including Oct4 (also known as Pou5f1), Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc (OSKM) and Nanog, and forced expression of the OSKM factors can reprogram somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) resembling ES cells. These gene-specific factors for RNA-polymerase-II-mediated transcription recruit transcriptional cofactors and chromatin regulators that control access to and activity of the basal transcription machinery on gene promoters. How the basal transcription machinery is involved in setting and maintaining the pluripotent state is unclear. Here we show that knockdown of the transcription factor IID (TFIID) complex affects the pluripotent circuitry in mouse ES cells and inhibits reprogramming of fibroblasts. TFIID subunits and the OSKM factors form a feed-forward loop to induce and maintain a stable transcription state. Notably, transient expression of TFIID subunits greatly enhanced reprogramming. These results show that TFIID is critical for transcription-factor-mediated reprogramming. We anticipate that, by creating plasticity in gene expression programs, transcription complexes such as TFIID assist reprogramming into different cellular states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pijnappel, W W M Pim -- Esch, Daniel -- Baltissen, Marijke P A -- Wu, Guangming -- Mischerikow, Nikolai -- Bergsma, Atze J -- van der Wal, Erik -- Han, Dong Wook -- Bruch, Hermann vom -- Moritz, Soren -- Lijnzaad, Phillip -- Altelaar, A F Maarten -- Sameith, Katrin -- Zaehres, Holm -- Heck, Albert J R -- Holstege, Frank C P -- Scholer, Hans R -- Timmers, H T Marc -- England -- Nature. 2013 Mar 28;495(7442):516-9. doi: 10.1038/nature11970. Epub 2013 Mar 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23503660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cellular Reprogramming/genetics ; Chromatin/genetics/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; TATA-Box Binding Protein/metabolism ; Transcription Factor TFIID/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal properties of γ-Mn (abstract) (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 5303-5303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Mn can exist in a fcc environment in many alloys with other elements of the 3d-transition series. Some of these alloys, which can contain more than 50 at. % Mn, are classified as Invar. They show large magnetovolume effects and at the same time have ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, or mixed magnetic ground states. In order to gain a better understanding of Invar systems incorporating Mn, a closer examination of this element in a fcc environment is necessary. The γ state of Mn (fcc or fct Mn) is relatively little known, since its stability range lies only between 1364 and 1410 K. However, it is possible to stabilize γ-Mn in a temperature interval ranging from low temperatures up to about 600 K by the addition of small amounts of Cu. We have measured the specific heat (300〈T〈600 K) and thermal expansion (4〈T〈600 K and 1100〈T〈1300 K) of three MnCu alloys containing 4.42, 6.75, and 8.55 at. % Cu. The specific heat shows a first-order transition at Tt, which is the temperature below which the lattice undergoes a tetragonal distortion. This distortion is accompanied by an abrupt appearance of antiferromagnetism. The same effect is seen in the thermal expansion which shows a volume increase associated with the lattice distortion and the magnetic ordering. The high-temperature value of the thermal expansion coefficient is the largest so far observed in any fcc 3d system (45×10−6 1/K). From this data we estimate the thermal expansion behavior of pure γ-Mn. We obtain the atomic volume in the nonmagnetic and antiferromagnetic state and compare it to theoretical calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344590
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetovolume effects and structural transformations in CoMn alloys (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 5268-5270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Co100−xMnx alloys form a system with competing magnetic interactions in the concentration range 25≤x≤42 at. %. They have ferromagnetic ground states in the fcc and hcp structures for 0≤x≤25 at. % and antiferromagnetic ground states in the fcc structure for 42≤x≤52 at. %. The thermal expansion of this alloy system has been measured between 4 and 1200 K and positive magnetovolume effects have been observed in samples that have both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic ground states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344633
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetovolume in fcc ferro- and antiferromagnetic 3d-metal alloys (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 3921-3923 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thermal expansion measurements as a function of temperature and magnetic field were carried out on Fe-Ni-Cr and Fe-Ni-Mn alloys. The magnetic contribution to the thermal expansion was determined with respect to the paramagnetic reference samples in the Fe-Ni-Cr and Fe-Ni-Mn series. We observe a general behavior that alloys which order ferromagnetically show a positive magnetovolume effect which persists to temperatures much higher than the Curie temperature, whereas in the case of antiferromagnetic ordering the magnetovolume effect is positive below temperatures slightly higher than the Néel temperature, and negative above it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340606
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-Invar in Fe-Ni : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 7015-7017 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Anti-Invar behavior in a material can be characterized by an anomalously large and a weak temperature-dependent thermal-expansion coefficient, when compared to the respective Grüneisen lattice expansion. It is just the opposite of the Invar effect, which is characterized by an anomalously small thermal-expansion coefficient. Common to Invar and anti-Invar is the fact that both posess moment-volume instabilities. Anti-Invar is observed in the paramagnetic state. It occurs in γ-Fe and in a number of 3d fcc binary and ternary alloys. In FexNi100−x alloys it is observed in the concentration range 70≤x≤100 at. % within the fcc stability range. The effect vanishes as the Invar concentration, x=65 at. %, is approached. To examine the valence electron concentration dependence of the anti-Invar effect the thermal expansion has been measured in the fcc state of FexNi100−x for 63≤x≤100 at. %. Using a model based on moment-volume instabilities in conjunction with a thermal activation process the size of the anti-Invar effect in these alloys has been determined. The volume enhancement is found to decrease with increasing Ni concentration from 2.8% in γ-Fe to 0% at x=65 at. %.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356761
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  • 9
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    Identification of a specific reprogramming-associated epigenetic signature in human induced pluripotent stem cells (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-18
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Anti‐Invar in Fe‐Ni (1994)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-05-15
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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