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    An operational framework for the advancement of a molecule-to-biosphere stoichiometry theory (2017)
    In:  EPIC3Frontiers in Marine Science, 4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-27
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonant and nonresonant x-ray scattering spectra of some poly(phenylenevinylene)s (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 108 (1998), S. 5990-5996 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electronic structure of some poly(phenylenevinylene)s have been investigated by resonant and nonresonant x-ray inelastic scattering spectroscopies. The nonresonant as well as all resonant spectra for each polymer demonstrate benzene-like features, indicating a local character of the x-ray emission in which the phenyl ring acts as a building block. Theoretical simulations of x-ray energies and intensities taking the repeat unit as a model molecule of the polymer agree with the experimental spectra fairly well. The edges of the occupied bands have been identified in the nonresonant spectra of each polymer. By subtracting the emission energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital in the nonresonant spectrum from the core excitation energy in the resonant spectrum an alternative way to determine the optical band gap is obtained. As for free benzene the outer π band in the polymer spectra show a depletion of the emission going from the nonresonant to the resonant x-ray emission spectra. It is demonstrated that this transition, which is strictly symmetry forbidden for free benzene, becomes effectively forbidden in the polymer case as a result of strong interference effects, and it is argued that this is the general case for resonant x-ray emission of conjugated polymers as far as the frozen orbital approximation holds. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.476011
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deposition conditions of magnetoresistance in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3−δ thin film (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 7445-7449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetoresistance of the La0.67Ca0.33MnO3−δ thin films was investigated. The magnetoresistance depends on ablation conditions such as the substrate temperature and oxygen pressure and has a relation with the lattice constants of the thin films. A colossal magnetoresistance ratio with 4.79×106% was obtained at 70 K and a magnetic field of 5.5 T. The resistivity of the thin films has a close relation with the substrate temperature and the oxygen pressure. When the substrate temperature is fixed, the resistivity shows double peaks in the oxygen pressure range of 1×10−7 to 1 Torr. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365286
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties and chemical stability of hot-rolled Ag(7 at. % Cu)-sheathed Bi2Sr2Ca0.64Cu1.64Ox powder-in-tube tapes (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 4596-4607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bi2Sr2Ca0.64Cu1.64Ox (nominally Bi2212) powders were fabricated into powder-in-tube Ag- and Ag(7 at. % Cu)-sheathed tapes by cold and hot rolling to investigate the effects of sheath composition and rolling conditions on their microstructural development and superconducting properties. Bi2212 tapes with Ag(Cu) sheaths exhibited improved grain alignment and interfacial uniformity, as well as enhanced formation of the Bi-free phase (≈Sr7.5Ca6.5Cu14Ox), relative to the Ag-sheathed specimens. The hot-rolled Ag(Cu)-sheathed tapes displayed superior critical current densities (Jc), where magnetization Jcm=1.5×106 (H(parallel)c) and 4.6×105 A/cm2 (H⊥c) at T=5 K, H=1 T. Correspondingly, these specimens had transport critical current densities (Jct) of 6.7×104 A/cm2 (H(parallel)c) and 5.4×104 A/cm2 (H⊥c) at T=4.2 K, H=0 T and 2.2×104 A/cm2 (H(parallel)c) and 3.0×104 A/cm2 (H⊥c) at T=4.2 K, H=14 T. The chemical stability of the Ag(Cu) sheath regions during the partial melting process was also studied. Rapid oxidation of copper produced Cu2O precipitates in the sheath at 885 °C, and subsequently a Cu2O-free zone developed near the core/sheath interface. A theoretical analysis of Cu2O precipitate formation and decomposition during thermal processing is presented. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359805
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Schottky contact and the thermal stability of Ni on n-type GaN (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 1623-1627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Schottky barrier height of Ni on n-GaN has been measured to be 0.56 and 0.66 eV by capacitance–voltage (C–V) and current–density–temperature (J–T) methods, respectively. Gallium nickel (Ga4Ni3) is formed as Ni is deposited on the GaN film, which affects the barrier height markedly. The thermal stability of Ni on GaN is also investigated by annealing these specimens at various temperatures. Specimen annealing at temperatures above 200 °C leads to the formation of nickel nitrides Ni3N and Ni4N at the interface of Ni and GaN. These interfacial compounds change the measured barrier height to 1.0 and 0.8 eV by C–V and J–T methods, respectively. Comparisons of Schottky characteristics of Ni with those of Pt, Pd, Au, and Ti are also discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363822
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The electronic structure of polyaniline and doped phases studied by soft x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 4756-4761 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electronic structure of the conjugated polymer, polyaniline, has been studied by resonant and nonresonant soft x-ray emission spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation for the excitation. The measurements were made on polyaniline and a few doped (protonated) phases for both the carbon and nitrogen contents. The resonant x-ray emission spectra show depletion of the π electron bands due to the selective excitation which enhances the effect of symmetry selection rules. The valence band structures in the x-ray emission spectra attributed to the π bands show unambiguous changes of the electronic structure upon protonation. By comparing to x-ray absorption measurements, the chemical bonding and electronic configuration is characterized. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.479238
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adjustable boron carbonitride nanotubes (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5325-5333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The adjustable photoluminescence (PL) and field electron emission (FEE) properties of boron carbonitride (B–C–N) nanotubes grown under well-controlled conditions are studied systematically. Large-scale highly aligned B–C–N nanotubes are synthesized directly on Ni substrates by the bias-assisted hot filament chemical vapor deposition method. Single-walled B–C–N nanotubes and nanometric B–C–N heterojunctions are obtained by the pulsed-arc-discharge technique and pause-reactivation two-stage process, respectively. It is found that the microstructures, orientations, and chemical compositions of the nanotubes can be controlled by varying growth parameters. The mechanism of the controllable growth is also investigated. Intense and stable PL from the nanotubes is observed in both blue-violet (photon energies 3.14–2.55 eV) and yellow-green bands (photon energies 2.13–2.34 eV) and the emission bands are adjusted by varying the compositions of the nanotubes. FEE properties are also studied and optimized by varying the B or N atomic concentrations in the nanotubes. All these results verify the controllability of the electronic band structure of the B–C–N nanotubes. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1459596
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    End station for polarization and excitation energy selective soft x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1561-1563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An end station for soft x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy has been constructed, which includes an experiment chamber, rotatable 90° under ultrahigh vacuum conditions around the incoming synchrotron radiation beam, which is provided with a high-resolution soft x-ray spectrometer. A manipulator allowing three axes of rotation, three directions of translation, as well as LN2 cooling and resistive heating is mounted to the chamber and serves as the sample holder. Samples can be transferred under vacuum between the experiment chamber and two other chambers, one for sample preparation and another for introducing new samples and for sample storage. The end station has been used at two different synchrotron radiation laboratories (beamline BW3) at HASYLAB in Hamburg and at ALS (beamline 7.0) in Berkeley. Polarization-dependent and angular resolved, selectively excited x-ray emission studies have been made on ordered as well as nonordered systems, e.g., high-Tc superconducting systems, diamond, fullerenes, and molecular ices. The experimental system will be presented along with some recent scientific results. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145908
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First results from the SpectroMicroscopy Beamline at the Advanced Light Source : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1342-1345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The SpectroMicroscopy Facility at the Advanced Light Source is based on a high brightness, high-resolution beamline, and includes a collection of projects designed to exploit the unique characteristics of the soft x-ray beam. The beamline itself is comprised of a 5-m long, 5-cm-period undulator, a spherical-grating monochromator with water-cooled gratings. Adaptive optics refocus the monochromatic beam to two "microfocus'' experimental stations with spot sizes less than 50 μm diameter and a third "nanofocus'' station uses a zone-plate lens to further demagnify the microfocus spot. Experimental stations include an "ultraESCA'' spectrometer for small-area spectroscopy and photoelectron diffraction, a scanning transmission x-ray microscope, and photoelectron microscopes. Commissioning experiments of microscopic actinide photoemission, surface-core-level photoelectron diffraction, and high-resolution soft x-ray fluorescence demonstrate dramatic improvements in sensitivity due to the high brightness and small focus of the beamline. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145969
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electromagnetic modes and prism-film coupling in anisotropic planar waveguides of epitaxial (101) rutile thin films (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 7823-7830 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report optical waveguiding in single-crystal, epitaxial (101) oriented rutile (TiO2) thin films grown on (112¯0) sapphire (α-Al2O3) substrates using the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition technique. The electromagnetic field distributions and propagation constants for asymmetric planar waveguides composed of an anisotropic dielectric media applicable to these films are derived. Modifications to the prism-film coupling theory for this anisotropic case are also discussed. By application of this model to (101) oriented rutile thin films, we directly obtain values of the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indexes, n0 and ne, of the rutile thin films as well as film thicknesses. We obtain typical values of the refractive indexes (n0=2.5701±0.0005; ne=2.934±0.001) near to those for bulk rutile single crystals indicating the exceptional quality of these films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353931
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