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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
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    Determination of Spatial Scale in Martian Landscape Images Acquired by the Curiosity Rover, and Viewing Image Scale and Target Chemistry Using the ASIC Website (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-27
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉In this paper we describe a method to compute spatial scales for images acquired by NASA's Mars Curiosity rover (Mars Science Laboratory, MSL). The method is based on the assumption that the rover stands on an infinite plane that may have any orientation with respect to the local gravity vector. While not new, it is the first time that this method is systematically applied to Martian images acquired by a lander. A continuously run software pipeline processes the images acquired by the rover within a 20 m radius, adds approximate scalebars to the raw images, and generates, whenever possible, rectified (warped) versions of those images. The products of this software pipeline and the chemical compositions of relevant rover science targets from NASA's Planetary Data System archive, are made available to the public via the Approximate Scale for Images and Chemistry website, which has been developed in collaboration with the Planetary Data System Analyst's Notebook for the MSL mission. Hyperlinks connect the two resources.〈/p〉
    Description: Plain Language Summary: We developed a software pipeline that calculates the spatial scale of images acquired by NASA's Mars Curiosity rover. The software pipeline is linked to a new website: the Approximate Scale for Images and Chemistry, in which the scalebar products are paired with information about the shape, size, color, and chemical composition of the imaged site, obtained by the rover suite of instruments. The images mimic the vantage point of human eyes and are therefore well‐suited to inspire field geologists (including those mainly working on Earth) to interpret Martian geologic features.〈/p〉
    Description: Key Points: A systematic method to generate approximate scalebars for obliquely acquired Martian landscape images was developed. A newly created Approximate Scale for Images and Chemistry (ASIC) website links images, color, spatial scale, and chemistry, as returned by NASA's Curiosity rover in Gale crater. The ASIC website is complementary and strongly linked to the Analyst's Notebook, the data resource for Martian/lunar landed missions.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
    Description: Project DEAL
    Description: https://asic.mps.mpg.de/
    Description: https://an.rsl.wustl.edu/msl/
    Description: http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/msl/msl-m-chemcam-libs-4_5-rdr-v1/mslccm_1xxx/data/moc/
    Description: http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/msl/msl-m-chemcam-libs-4_5-rdr-v1/mslccm_1xxx/extras/rmi_mosaics/
    Description: http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/msl/msl-m-chemcam-libs-4_5-rdr-v1/mslccm_1xxx/extras/rmi_contours_in_mcam_images/
    Description: http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/msl/msl-m-apxs-4_5-rdr-v1/mslapx_1xxx/extras/
    Keywords: ddc:523 ; Mars ; Curiosity rover ; images ; spatial scale ; science targets ; chemistry
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indication of drier periods on Mars from the chemistry and mineralogy of atmospheric dust (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 436 (2005), S. 62-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The ubiquitous atmospheric dust on Mars is well mixed by periodic global dust storms, and such dust carries information about the environment in which it once formed and hence about the history of water on Mars. The Mars Exploration Rovers have permanent magnets to collect atmospheric dust for ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03807
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Inversionen, Duplikationen und Strukturtypen vonDrosophila Subobscura Coll (1965)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 96 (1965), S. 285-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In natürlichen Populationen vonDrosophila subobscura Coll. aus der Schweiz, Tanger, Türkei und Persien wurden 13 neue Strukturtypen gefunden. Davon gehen 7 auf neu beschriebene Inversionen zurück, 2 auf Duplikationen und 4 auf Rekombination bereits bekannter Inversionen. Es wird angenommen, daß die aufgefundenen Duplikationen auf austauschbedingte Abspaltung aus Inversionskomplexen zurückgehen. An zwei früher beschriebenen Inversionen wurden Korrekturen in der Bruchstellenlokalisation angebracht. Der Bestand an bekannten natürlich vorkommenden Chromosomenstrukturen umfaßt zur Zeit 49 Inversionen, 2 Duplikationen und 61 Strukturtypen. Die bisherige Auffassung über die nicht zufallsmäßige Verteilung der Bruchstellen wird durch das neue Material bestätigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00896828
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomaler Polymorphismus in einem Muster vonDrosophila Subobscura aus Marokko, mit Darstellung der Heterozygotieverhältnisse als Heterozygotiediagramm (1965)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 97 (1965), S. 40-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 19 males ofDrosophila subobscura from Tanger (Marokko) have been examined with regard to the chromosomal polymorphism. Of the gene arrangements found, four of them have never before been observed; the others occur in frequencies comparable to southern (Israel, Lipari) and westmediterranean (Lisbon, Barcelona) populations. For the description of the type of heterozygosity, a new method of presentation, the heterozygosity diagram, has been put to use. Also from this point of view the sample coincides with other southwestern populations to a great extent, but in addition it has some independent traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00898571
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen über den chromosomalen Strukturpolymorphismus in kleinasiatischen und persischen Populationen von Drosophila subobscura Coll. (1967)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 100 (1967), S. 1-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary By means of the male sample method samples of D. subobscura from the north and south coast of Asia Minor and from the south coast of the Caspian Sea were examined with regard to the gene arrangements contained in them. The samples were judged by the following three criteria: (1) the number of different gene arrangements present, (2) the frequencies in which these gene arrangements occur, and (3) the rate of zygotic combinations. The samples from Asia Minor were found to be highly polymorphic. In this respect, they are comparable with other samples from the northern border of the Mediterranean region. The Persian populations are poor as regards number of gene arrangements. Commonly, some gene arrangements are highly frequent and, accordingly, high rates of homozygous combinations dominate. Presumably, these are marginal populations. Comparisons between samples from the north and south coast of Asia Minor confirm the findings from other parts of the species' range. As a rule, the frequencies of various gene arrangements vary according to the latitude in which they occur. Since climate and vegetation are also largely correlated with latitude, it is assumed that this is due to adaptive reaction to ecological factors. Comparing populations from the Western and Eastern Mediterranean region, similar differences were recorded. Some gene arrangements seem to be confined to either the western or eastern part of the area, and other gene arrangements differ in frequency. Since the ecological conditions in these areas appear to be comparable, such differences might be due to the history of the formation and dispersal of gene arrangements. In general, the frequencies of the gene arrangements in the chromosomes A, U, E and O are most equal along the northern margin of the Mediterranean area and, correspondingly, the frequencies of the heterokaryotypes are highest. It may be assumed that many heterokaryotypes reach their highest degree of heterotic supremacy in this area, and/or that the different homokaryotypes are uniform with respect to adaptive values. The reasoning rests on the additional assumption that in this area the biological conditions are the least extreme, or, in other words, that D. subobscura is best adapted to this environment. As it is, the region appears to lie geographically near the center of the species' range. In the I-chromosome the most equal frequencies of gene arrangements along with the highest frequency of the heterokaryotypes are to be found in Central Europe. On the other hand, in various populations lying supposedly at the borders of the species' range, the frequencies of gene arrangements of at least some chromosomes are strongly unequal and, accordingly, the frequencies of the homokaryotypes are high. In populations where the polymorphism is high, the character of the polymorphism varies slightly from chromosome to chromosome. In the O-chromosome usually one gene arrangement is abundant, while a large number of others are rare; two gene arrangements tend to dominate in the I- and U-chromosome, whereas in the E-chromosome several gene arrangements are apt to share similar frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425773
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluated volumes. Plastics additives and modifiers handbook. Edited by Jesse Edenbaum, Chapman & Hall, London 1992, 1113 pp., hardcover, £ 109, ISBN 0-442-23450-3 (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 5 (1993), S. 220-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19930050315
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blockcopolymere aus poly-1,4-benzamid und 6-66-copolyamiden. 1. Synthese und charakterisierung (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 132 (1985), S. 91-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Blockcopolyamides from poly-1,4-benzamide and 6-66-copolyamides (60/40) were prepared by irreversible polycondensation of 4-aminobenzoyl chloride-hydrochloride in a solution of amino terminal groups containing 6-66-prepolyamids in N,N-dimethylacetamide. The molecular weights of the used aliphatic copolyamides, determined by photometric analysis after reaction with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, were 5 000, 13 000, and 21 000. The molecular weights of the aramides were determined by viscosity measurements in concentrated sulfuric acid using an approximation method.The detection of blockcopolyamide was performed qualitatively by investigations of the solubility behaviour in NMP/LiBr/H2O systems and quantitatively by combination of extraction experiments using 2,2,2-trifluorethanol with turbidity titration in H2SO4/H2O.
    Notes: Durch irreversible Polykondensation von 4-Aminobenzoylchlorid-Hydrochlorid in einer Lösung von Aminoendgruppen besitzenden 6-66-Prepolyamiden wurden Segmentcopolyamide aus Poly-1,4-benzamid und 6-66-Copolyamid (60/40) hergestellt. Die Molekulargewichte der eingesetzten aliphatischen Copolyamide, bestimmt durch photometrische Analyse nach Umsetzung mit 2,4-Dinitrofluorbenzol, betrugen 5 000, 13 000 und 21 000. Die Molekuargewichte des Aramids wurden nach einer Näherungsmethode durch Viskosimetrie in konzentrierter Schwefelsäure bestimmt.Der Nachweis des Blockcopolyamids gelang qualitativ durch Untersuchungen des Löslichkeitsverhaltens in NMP/LiBr/H2O-Mischungen sowie quantitativ durch Kombination von Extraktionsversuchen mit Trifluorethanol mit Trübungstitrationen in H2SO4/H2O.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1985.051320108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blockcopolymere aus poly-1,4-benzamid und 6-66-copolyamid. 2. Haftvermittelnde eigenschaften in KEVLAR-verbundsystemenTeil 1 s. Lit.1. (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 133 (1985), S. 121-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: KEVLAR filaments were impregnated with a solution of a block copolymer of poly-1,4-benzamide (M̄w = 28 600) and 6-66-copolyamide (60/40) (M̄w = 19 000) in 96% H2SO4. Afterwards, the filaments were embedded perpendicularly in thermoplast films of different polarities (polyamide-6, an ionomer of acrylic acid, acrylic ester and ethylene, a polyethylene-polyamide 6 blend and LD polyethylene). In pullout experiments, delamination shear strength, delamination work, and frictional shear strength were measured to characterize adhesion.Modification of KEVLAR filaments with blockcopolyamide caused a large increase of adhesion to polar matrix materials. For the ionomer film, the relative increase of delamination work (670%) was by far the highest, polyamide-6 and polyamide-polyethylene blend showed an effect of 130%, whereas nonpolar polyethylene was nearly unsensitive to impregnation.Scanning electron microscopy investigations on the pulled out fibres showed that the failure of the composite material not only took place at the fibre-matrix interface but simultaneously in weak boundary layers of fibre and matrix phase.
    Notes: KEVLAR-Filamente wurden mit der Lösung eines Blockcopolymeren aus Poly-1,4-benzamidsegmenten (M̄w = 28 600) und 6-66-Copolyamid (60/40)-Segmenten (M̄w = 19 000) in 96proz. H2SO4 imprägniert. Danach wurden die Filamente in Thermoplastfolien unterschiedlicher Polarität (Polyamid-6, eine pfropfcopolymerhaltige Legierung aus Polyethylen und Polyamid-6, ein Acrylester-Acrylsäure-Ethylen-Terpolymeres (Ionomer) und LD-Polyethylen) senkrecht zur Folienebene eingelagert. In Faserauszugsversuchen wurden zur Charakterisierung der Haftfestigkeit die Delaminierungsscherspannung, die Delaminierungsarbeit und die Reibungskraft beim Herausziehen der Faser gemessen.Die Imprägnierung von KEVLAR-Fasern mit Blockcopolyamid erhöhte die Haftfestigkeiten in polaren Matrixmaterialien erheblich. Bei Ionomer-Folien war die relative Steigerung der Delaminierungsarbeit mit 670% bei weitem am höchsten. Bei Polyamid-6 und bei der Polyamid-Polyethylen-Legierung betrug der Effekt 130%, während bei dem unpolaren Polyethylen praktisch keine Änderung festzustellen war.REM-Untersuchungen der herausgezogenen Fasern lassen erkennen, daß das Zerrißen der Verbundmaterialien nicht nur entlang der Faser-Matrix-Grenzfläche verlief, sondern daß dabei auch grenzflächennahe Bereiche von Faser und Matrix beteiligt waren.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1985.051330110
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  • 9
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    Curiosity’s Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) Investigation (2012)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-05
    Print ISSN: 0038-6308
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9672
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 10
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    Comparability of heavy mineral data – The first interlaboratory round robin test (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0012-8252
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-6828
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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